Question 1

Which of the following can easily pass through the placental barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many viruses 
B)  Some heavy metals 
C)  Certain chemicals 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Many viruses 
B)  Some heavy metals 
C)  Certain chemicals 
D)  All of the above D

Question 2

What is an example of a multifactorial congenital disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type AB blood 
B)  Down syndrome 
C)  Color blindness 
D)  Cleft lip and palate 
A)  Type AB blood 
B)  Down syndrome 
C)  Color blindness 
D)  Cleft lip and palate D

Question 3

In the case of an X-linked recessive disorder, a carrier mother and unaffected father could produce a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  normal female. 
B)  affected female. 
C)  male carrier. 
A)  normal female. 
B)  affected female. 
C)  male carrier. A

Question 4

A father affected with hemophilia A, whose wife is unaffected, will pass on the defective gene to:

Accepted Answer

A)  all of his sons, who will be affected. 
B)  50% of his sons, who will be affected. 
C)  all of his daughters, who will be carriers. 
D)  50% of his daughters, who will be carriers. 
A)  all of his sons, who will be affected. 
B)  50% of his sons, who will be affected. 
C)  all of his daughters, who will be carriers. 
D)  50% of his daughters, who will be carriers.

Question 5

Blood tests are performed on neonates primarily to:

Accepted Answer

A)  determine need for immediate surgical correction of anomalies. 
B)  identify disorders requiring immediate treatment. 
C)  identify the presence of any inherited disorders. 
D)  rule out the presence of any infection. 
A)  determine need for immediate surgical correction of anomalies. 
B)  identify disorders requiring immediate treatment. 
C)  identify the presence of any inherited disorders. 
D)  rule out the presence of any infection.

Question 6

Which term refers to prenatal diagnosis through examination of amniotic fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chorionic villus testing 
B)  Preparing a family pedigree 
C)  Amniocentesis 
D)  Triple-screen test 
A)  Chorionic villus testing 
B)  Preparing a family pedigree 
C)  Amniocentesis 
D)  Triple-screen test

Question 7

Down syndrome is an example of a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  autosomal dominant disorder. 
B)  multifactorial disorder. 
C)  developmental defect. 
D)  chromosomal disorder. 
A)  autosomal dominant disorder. 
B)  multifactorial disorder. 
C)  developmental defect. 
D)  chromosomal disorder.

Question 8

The laboratory practice of changing DNA sequences in microorganisms is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the genotype. 
B)  gene mutation. 
C)  genetic engineering. 
D)  gene therapy. 
A)  the genotype. 
B)  gene mutation. 
C)  genetic engineering. 
D)  gene therapy.

Question 9

The most invasive prenatal screening test for fetal abnormalities is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ultrasonography. 
B)  amniocentesis. 
C)  X-ray. 
D)  blood tests. 
A)  ultrasonography. 
B)  amniocentesis. 
C)  X-ray. 
D)  blood tests.

Question 10

A person with sickle cell trait that is heterozygous has:

Accepted Answer

A)  an incomplete dominant gene. 
B)  a multifactorial condition. 
C)  co-dominant genes. 
D)  X-linked dominant trait. 
A)  an incomplete dominant gene. 
B)  a multifactorial condition. 
C)  co-dominant genes. 
D)  X-linked dominant trait.

Question 11

Hemophilia A has been diagnosed in a young boy. He has inherited this defective gene from:

Accepted Answer

A)  his father. 
B)  his mother. 
C)  both parents. 
A)  his father. 
B)  his mother. 
C)  both parents.

Question 12

The cellular division process that produces the chromosomes that are in the sperm and ova is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  organogenesis. 
D)  polysomy. 
A)  meiosis. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  organogenesis. 
D)  polysomy.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The typical physical characteristics are present at birth. 
B)  All children with Down syndrome have the same organ defects and medical problems. 
C)  The extent of cognitive impairment can be assessed at birth. 
D)  The birth of a child with Down syndrome is only a risk to mothers over age 35. 
A)  The typical physical characteristics are present at birth. 
B)  All children with Down syndrome have the same organ defects and medical problems. 
C)  The extent of cognitive impairment can be assessed at birth. 
D)  The birth of a child with Down syndrome is only a risk to mothers over age 35.

Question 14

What is the term for an arrangement of the chromosomes from an individual's cell, organized in pairs based on size and shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pedigree 
B)  Punnett squares 
C)  Karyotype 
D)  Genotype 
A)  Pedigree 
B)  Punnett squares 
C)  Karyotype 
D)  Genotype

Question 15

Which of the following can be detected using amniotic fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromosomal abnormalities 
B)  Metabolic disorders 
C)  Certain structural abnormalities 
D)  All the above 
A)  Chromosomal abnormalities 
B)  Metabolic disorders 
C)  Certain structural abnormalities 
D)  All the above

Question 16

What is characteristic of a congenital disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes are not involved. 
B)  It is strictly a developmental anomaly. 
C)  A cause is known. 
D)  It is usually manifested in the neonatal period. 
A)  Genes are not involved. 
B)  It is strictly a developmental anomaly. 
C)  A cause is known. 
D)  It is usually manifested in the neonatal period.

Question 17

Which statement applies to the effects of exposure to harmful substances during embryonic life?
1) During the first two weeks, exposure will usually cause death of the embryo.
2) Organs or body structures may be altered by exposure during the first two months.
3) The effects of exposure depend on the stage of development at the time of exposure.
4) Metabolic abnormalities usually follow exposure to teratogens.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 18

Ultrasonography during pregnancy would be helpful in detecting fetal:

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme deficits. 
B)  structural anomalies. 
C)  chromosomal defects. 
D)  hormonal abnormalities. 
A)  enzyme deficits. 
B)  structural anomalies. 
C)  chromosomal defects. 
D)  hormonal abnormalities.

Question 19

The term proteomics refers to the study of:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequences with unknown functions. 
B)  gene sequences in individual chromosomes. 
C)  the proteins resulting from activation of specific genes. 
D)  identifying certain base pairs in DNA. 
A)  DNA sequences with unknown functions. 
B)  gene sequences in individual chromosomes. 
C)  the proteins resulting from activation of specific genes. 
D)  identifying certain base pairs in DNA.

Question 20

Which of the following are common manifestations of Down syndrome?
1) Congenital heart defect
2) Cleft lip and palate
3) Large protruding tongue
4) Limited intellectual development

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 4 
D) 1, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 4 
D) 1, 3, 4

Exam 21: Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Which of the following can easily pass through the placental barrier?

What is an example of a multifactorial congenital disorder?

In the case of an X-linked recessive disorder, a carrier mother and unaffected father could produce a/an:

A father affected with hemophilia A, whose wife is unaffected, will pass on the defective gene to:

Blood tests are performed on neonates primarily to:

Which term refers to prenatal diagnosis through examination of amniotic fluid?

Down syndrome is an example of a/an:

The laboratory practice of changing DNA sequences in microorganisms is called:

The most invasive prenatal screening test for fetal abnormalities is:

A person with sickle cell trait that is heterozygous has:

Hemophilia A has been diagnosed in a young boy. He has inherited this defective gene from:

The cellular division process that produces the chromosomes that are in the sperm and ova is called:

Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is TRUE?

What is the term for an arrangement of the chromosomes from an individual's cell, organized in pairs based on size and shape?

Which of the following can be detected using amniotic fluid?

What is characteristic of a congenital disorder?

Ultrasonography during pregnancy would be helpful in detecting fetal:

The term proteomics refers to the study of:

Which of the following are common manifestations of Down syndrome? 1) Congenital heart defect 2) Cleft lip and palate 3) Large protruding tongue 4) Limited intellectual development

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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