Question 1

An epidural hematoma is located between the:

Accepted Answer

A)  dura mater and the arachnoid mater. 
B)  dura mater and the skull. 
C)  arachnoid mater and the pia mater. 
D)  pia mater and the brain. 
A)  dura mater and the arachnoid mater. 
B)  dura mater and the skull. 
C)  arachnoid mater and the pia mater. 
D)  pia mater and the brain. B

Question 2

All of the following apply to CVA EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the common cause is an atheroma with thrombus. 
B)  maximum necrosis and infarction develop within several hours of onset. 
C)  warning signs may appear with partial obstruction of the artery. 
D)  increasing neurological deficits usually develop during the first few days. 
A)  the common cause is an atheroma with thrombus. 
B)  maximum necrosis and infarction develop within several hours of onset. 
C)  warning signs may appear with partial obstruction of the artery. 
D)  increasing neurological deficits usually develop during the first few days. B

Question 3

In which type of neuron is progressive degeneration occurring with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upper motor neurons 
B)  Upper and lower motor neurons 
C)  Motor and sensory neurons 
D)  Motor, sensory, and autonomic system neurons 
A)  Upper motor neurons 
B)  Upper and lower motor neurons 
C)  Motor and sensory neurons 
D)  Motor, sensory, and autonomic system neurons B

Question 4

Brain injury where the brain is injured when it bounces off of the skull due to sudden acceleration or deceleration is referred to as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  linear fracture 
B)  contusion 
C)  basilar injury 
D)  contrecoup injury 
A)  linear fracture 
B)  contusion 
C)  basilar injury 
D)  contrecoup injury

Question 5

What causes a herniated intervertebral disc?

Accepted Answer

A)  A tear in the nucleus pulposus 
B)  A protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis 
C)  Displacement of the annulus fibrosis between the laminae 
D)  Failure of the spinous processes to restrict movement of the intervertebral disc 
A)  A tear in the nucleus pulposus 
B)  A protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis 
C)  Displacement of the annulus fibrosis between the laminae 
D)  Failure of the spinous processes to restrict movement of the intervertebral disc

Question 6

What is the typical change in blood pressure in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erratic diastolic pressure 
B)  Decreasing systolic pressure 
C)  Systolic and diastolic pressures decreasing proportionately 
D)  Increasing pulse pressure 
A)  Erratic diastolic pressure 
B)  Decreasing systolic pressure 
C)  Systolic and diastolic pressures decreasing proportionately 
D)  Increasing pulse pressure

Question 7

In which disorders do biochemical abnormalities involving the neurotransmitters in the brain occur?
1) Bipolar disorder
2) Schizophrenia
3) Huntington's disease
4) AIDS dementia

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 8

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cholinergic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions are damaged. 
B)  It is an autoimmune disorder. 
C)  Muscle weakness and fatigue occur in the face and neck. 
D)  Dementia develops in the later stage. 
A)  The cholinergic receptors at the neuromuscular junctions are damaged. 
B)  It is an autoimmune disorder. 
C)  Muscle weakness and fatigue occur in the face and neck. 
D)  Dementia develops in the later stage.

Question 9

What is the typical initial effect of a herniated intervertebral disc at the L4 to L5 level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Back pain and weakness at waist level 
B)  Muscle weakness in both legs 
C)  Lower back pain radiating down the leg 
D)  Urinary incontinence 
A)  Back pain and weakness at waist level 
B)  Muscle weakness in both legs 
C)  Lower back pain radiating down the leg 
D)  Urinary incontinence

Question 10

Through what area does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate around the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)  Between the double layers of the dura mater 
B)  In the subdural space 
C)  In the subarachnoid space 
D)  Through the arachnoid villi 
A)  Between the double layers of the dura mater 
B)  In the subdural space 
C)  In the subarachnoid space 
D)  Through the arachnoid villi

Question 11

In cases of noncommunicating hydrocephalus, why does excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absorption of CSF through the arachnoid villi is impaired. 
B)  Excessive amounts of CSF are produced in the ventricles. 
C)  An obstruction is present in the aqueduct of Sylvius or other channel. 
D)  Flow around the spinal cord is blocked. 
A)  Absorption of CSF through the arachnoid villi is impaired. 
B)  Excessive amounts of CSF are produced in the ventricles. 
C)  An obstruction is present in the aqueduct of Sylvius or other channel. 
D)  Flow around the spinal cord is blocked.

Question 12

The best description of a myelomeningocele is:

Accepted Answer

A)  asymptomatic failure of the posterior spinous processes of the vertebrae to fuse. 
B)  herniation of the meninges through a vertebral defect. 
C)  herniation of the meninges, CSF, and spinal cord or nerves through a vertebral defect. 
D)  herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the cranium. 
A)  asymptomatic failure of the posterior spinous processes of the vertebrae to fuse. 
B)  herniation of the meninges through a vertebral defect. 
C)  herniation of the meninges, CSF, and spinal cord or nerves through a vertebral defect. 
D)  herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the cranium.

Question 13

Which of the following statements applies to a lumbar puncture?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is usually performed at L3-L4. 
B)  Fluid is withdrawn from the epidural space. 
C)  It can be used to confirm any diagnosis. 
D)  The tissue seals up immediately after puncture. 
A)  It is usually performed at L3-L4. 
B)  Fluid is withdrawn from the epidural space. 
C)  It can be used to confirm any diagnosis. 
D)  The tissue seals up immediately after puncture.

Question 14

Which of the following is characteristic of generalized seizures?

Accepted Answer

A)  The localization of the seizure activity 
B)  The uncontrolled discharge of neurons in both hemispheres 
C)  Seizures that persist for several hours 
D)  Loss of consciousness and all motor function 
A)  The localization of the seizure activity 
B)  The uncontrolled discharge of neurons in both hemispheres 
C)  Seizures that persist for several hours 
D)  Loss of consciousness and all motor function

Question 15

Which of the following is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Remissions and exacerbations 
B)  Predictable pattern of progression in all patients 
C)  Onset in men and women more than 60 years of age 
D)  Full recovery of function during remissions 
A)  Remissions and exacerbations 
B)  Predictable pattern of progression in all patients 
C)  Onset in men and women more than 60 years of age 
D)  Full recovery of function during remissions

Question 16

Following an injury at L2 to L3, what would indicate recovery from spinal shock?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spastic paraplegia 
B)  Urinary retention 
C)  Labile body temperature 
D)  Increased sensation in the legs 
A)  Spastic paraplegia 
B)  Urinary retention 
C)  Labile body temperature 
D)  Increased sensation in the legs

Question 17

Which statement does NOT apply to status epilepticus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seizures are recurrent or continuous without full recovery between episodes. 
B)  Severe hypoxia and acidosis develop. 
C)  Person does not lose consciousness during seizure. 
D)  If the episode persists, there may be additional brain damage. 
A)  Seizures are recurrent or continuous without full recovery between episodes. 
B)  Severe hypoxia and acidosis develop. 
C)  Person does not lose consciousness during seizure. 
D)  If the episode persists, there may be additional brain damage.

Question 18

The largest category of primary malignant brain tumors that arise from cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  gliomas. 
B)  sarcomas. 
C)  lymphomas. 
D)  myelomas. 
A)  gliomas. 
B)  sarcomas. 
C)  lymphomas. 
D)  myelomas.

Question 19

Signs and symptoms of a stroke depend upon:

Accepted Answer

A)  location of obstruction, size of artery, and area affected. 
B)  duration of the blockage, distance from the heart, and type of obstruction. 
C)  health of the victim, area affected, and collateral circulation. 
D)  size of the obstruction, condition of the heart, and duration of blockage. 
A)  location of obstruction, size of artery, and area affected. 
B)  duration of the blockage, distance from the heart, and type of obstruction. 
C)  health of the victim, area affected, and collateral circulation. 
D)  size of the obstruction, condition of the heart, and duration of blockage.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a common contributing factor to AIDS dementia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Invasion of the central nervous system by HIV 
B)  Development of arteriosclerosis 
C)  Secondary toxoplasmosis infection 
D)  Development of cerebral lymphoma 
A)  Invasion of the central nervous system by HIV 
B)  Development of arteriosclerosis 
C)  Secondary toxoplasmosis infection 
D)  Development of cerebral lymphoma

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

An epidural hematoma is located between the:

All of the following apply to CVA EXCEPT:

In which type of neuron is progressive degeneration occurring with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Brain injury where the brain is injured when it bounces off of the skull due to sudden acceleration or deceleration is referred to as a/an:

What causes a herniated intervertebral disc?

What is the typical change in blood pressure in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?

In which disorders do biochemical abnormalities involving the neurotransmitters in the brain occur? 1) Bipolar disorder 2) Schizophrenia 3) Huntington's disease 4) AIDS dementia

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to myasthenia gravis?

What is the typical initial effect of a herniated intervertebral disc at the L4 to L5 level?

Through what area does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate around the brain and spinal cord?

In cases of noncommunicating hydrocephalus, why does excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulate?

The best description of a myelomeningocele is:

Which of the following statements applies to a lumbar puncture?

Which of the following is characteristic of generalized seizures?

Which of the following is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

Following an injury at L2 to L3, what would indicate recovery from spinal shock?

Which statement does NOT apply to status epilepticus?

The largest category of primary malignant brain tumors that arise from cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are called:

Signs and symptoms of a stroke depend upon:

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a common contributing factor to AIDS dementia?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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