Exam 12: Cardiovascular System Disorders

The right side of the heart would fail first in the case of: 1) severe mitral valve stenosis. 2) uncontrolled essential hypertension. 3) large infarction in the right ventricle. 4) advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Pericarditis may be caused by: 1) infection. 2) abnormal immune responses. 3) injury. 4) malignant neoplasm.

When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?

A compensation for shock would include:

A friction rub is associated with:

With shock, anaerobic cell metabolism and decreased renal blood flow cause:

Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous arrhythmia?

When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output?

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL):

Significant signs of right-sided congestive heart failure include:

Confirmation of the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction would include: 1) specific changes in the ECG. 2) marked leukocytosis and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). 3) elevation of cardiac isoenzymes in serum. 4) a pattern of pain.

The basic pathophysiological change associated with essential hypertension is:

The first arteries to branch off the aorta are the:

A very rapid heart rate reduces cardiac output because:

Which of the following is a result of increased secretion of epinephrine?

Vasodilation in the skin and viscera results directly from:

Compensation mechanisms for decreased cardiac output in cases of congestive heart failure include:

The classic early manifestation(s) of left-sided congestive heart failure is/are ____, whereas the early indicator(s) of right-sided failure is/are _______.

A cardiac pacemaker would most likely be inserted in cases of:

Which change results from total heart block?