Question 1

Catabolic effects of Cushing's syndrome include:

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoporosis. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  increased erythrocyte production. 
D)  moon face and buffalo hump. 
A)  osteoporosis. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  increased erythrocyte production. 
D)  moon face and buffalo hump. A

Question 2

What is the cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excess insulin in the body 
B)  Loss of glucose in the urine 
C)  Failure of the kidney to excrete sufficient acids 
D)  Increased catabolism of fats and proteins 
A)  Excess insulin in the body 
B)  Loss of glucose in the urine 
C)  Failure of the kidney to excrete sufficient acids 
D)  Increased catabolism of fats and proteins D

Question 3

Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Onset often occurs during childhood. 
B)  Relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance develops. 
C)  It can be treated by diet, weight control and exercise, or oral hypoglycemics. 
D)  Complications rarely occur. 
A)  Onset often occurs during childhood. 
B)  Relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance develops. 
C)  It can be treated by diet, weight control and exercise, or oral hypoglycemics. 
D)  Complications rarely occur. A

Question 4

Which of the following applies to diabetic macro-angiography?
1) It affects the small arteries and arterioles.
2) It is related to elevated serum lipids.
3) It leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease.
4) It frequently causes damage to the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 2, 4 
A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 2, 4

Question 5

Which of the following may occur with a pituitary adenoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low blood pressure and bradycardia 
B)  Headache and seizures 
C)  Vomiting and diarrhea 
D)  Loss of vision in one eye 
A)  Low blood pressure and bradycardia 
B)  Headache and seizures 
C)  Vomiting and diarrhea 
D)  Loss of vision in one eye

Question 6

Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Great Lakes or mountainous regions. 
B)  southwest United States. 
C)  temperate regions. 
D)  areas bordering the oceans. 
A)  Great Lakes or mountainous regions. 
B)  southwest United States. 
C)  temperate regions. 
D)  areas bordering the oceans.

Question 7

Which of the following is an effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased secretion from the adrenal cortex gland 
B)  An increased inflammatory response to irritants 
C)  Hypotension and poor circulation 
D)  Increased number of hypersensitivity reactions 
A)  Decreased secretion from the adrenal cortex gland 
B)  An increased inflammatory response to irritants 
C)  Hypotension and poor circulation 
D)  Increased number of hypersensitivity reactions

Question 8

A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  pheochromocytoma. 
B)  Cushing's syndrome. 
C)  Graves' disease. 
D)  Addison's disease. 
A)  pheochromocytoma. 
B)  Cushing's syndrome. 
C)  Graves' disease. 
D)  Addison's disease.

Question 9

Which of the following is recommended for immediate treatment of hypoglycemic shock?
1) If conscious, immediately give sweet fruit juice, honey, candy, or sugar.
2) If unconscious, give nothing by mouth (require intravenous glucose 50%).
3) Treat immediately with insulin.
4) Give large quantity of clear fluids for shock.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4

Question 10

What is caused by hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism?
1) Skeletal muscle twitching or spasm
2) Weak cardiac contraction
3) Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
4) Decreased serum phosphate level

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3 
D) 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3 
D) 3, 4

Question 11

Which of the following does NOT apply to inappropriate ADH syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cause is excess ADH secretion. 
B)  Severe hyponatremia results. 
C)  Excessive sodium is retained. 
D)  Fluid retention increases. 
A)  The cause is excess ADH secretion. 
B)  Severe hyponatremia results. 
C)  Excessive sodium is retained. 
D)  Fluid retention increases.

Question 12

Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  A malignant tumor in the parathyroid glands 
B)  End-stage renal failure 
C)  Osteoporosis 
D)  Radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck area 
A)  A malignant tumor in the parathyroid glands 
B)  End-stage renal failure 
C)  Osteoporosis 
D)  Radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck area

Question 13

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) more frequently develops in patients with:

Accepted Answer

A)  type 1 diabetes. 
B)  type 2 diabetes. 
C)  Grave's disease. 
D)  hyperparathyroidism. 
A)  type 1 diabetes. 
B)  type 2 diabetes. 
C)  Grave's disease. 
D)  hyperparathyroidism.

Question 14

Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Kussmaul's respirations. 
B)  polydipsia. 
C)  ketonuria. 
D)  seizures. 
A)  Kussmaul's respirations. 
B)  polydipsia. 
C)  ketonuria. 
D)  seizures.

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT usually develop as a complication of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoporosis 
B)  Nephropathy 
C)  Impotence 
D)  Peripheral neuropathy 
A)  Osteoporosis 
B)  Nephropathy 
C)  Impotence 
D)  Peripheral neuropathy

Question 16

Which of the following results from a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inappropriate ADH syndrome 
B)  Gigantism 
C)  Diabetes insipidus 
D)  Myxedema 
A)  Inappropriate ADH syndrome 
B)  Gigantism 
C)  Diabetes insipidus 
D)  Myxedema

Question 17

What is/are the effect(s) of thyrotoxic crisis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperthermia and heart failure 
B)  Hypotension and hypoglycemia 
C)  Toxic goiter and hypometabolism 
D)  Decreased stress response 
A)  Hyperthermia and heart failure 
B)  Hypotension and hypoglycemia 
C)  Toxic goiter and hypometabolism 
D)  Decreased stress response

Question 18

Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deep, rapid respirations 
B)  Flushed dry skin and mucosa 
C)  Thirst and oliguria 
D)  Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion 
A)  Deep, rapid respirations 
B)  Flushed dry skin and mucosa 
C)  Thirst and oliguria 
D)  Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion

Question 19

Which of the following are likely present in a patient immobilized for a long period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypocalcemia and low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels 
B)  Hypocalcemia and high serum PTH levels 
C)  Hypercalcemia and low serum PTH levels 
D)  Hypercalcemia and high serum PTH levels 
A)  Hypocalcemia and low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels 
B)  Hypocalcemia and high serum PTH levels 
C)  Hypercalcemia and low serum PTH levels 
D)  Hypercalcemia and high serum PTH levels

Question 20

What is a precipitating factor for diabetic ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skipping a meal 
B)  Anorexia 
C)  Serious infection 
D)  Insulin overdose 
A)  Skipping a meal 
B)  Anorexia 
C)  Serious infection 
D)  Insulin overdose

Exam 16: Endocrine System Disorders

Catabolic effects of Cushing's syndrome include:

What is the cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Which of the following applies to diabetic macro-angiography? 1) It affects the small arteries and arterioles. 2) It is related to elevated serum lipids. 3) It leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. 4) It frequently causes damage to the kidneys.

Which of the following may occur with a pituitary adenoma?

Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the:

Which of the following is an effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called:

What is caused by hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism? 1) Skeletal muscle twitching or spasm 2) Weak cardiac contraction 3) Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) 4) Decreased serum phosphate level

Which of the following does NOT apply to inappropriate ADH syndrome?

Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) more frequently develops in patients with:

Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

Which of the following does NOT usually develop as a complication of diabetes?

Which of the following results from a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

What is/are the effect(s) of thyrotoxic crisis?

Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic?

Which of the following are likely present in a patient immobilized for a long period of time?

What is a precipitating factor for diabetic ketoacidosis?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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