Question 1

Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  interferons. 
D)  pyrogens. 
A)  neutrophils. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  interferons. 
D)  pyrogens. C

Question 2

Patients taking glucocorticoids for long periods of time are likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased bone density. 
B)  wasting of skeletal muscle. 
C)  opportunistic infections. 
D)  increased leukocyte production. 
A)  decreased bone density. 
B)  wasting of skeletal muscle. 
C)  opportunistic infections. 
D)  increased leukocyte production. D

Question 3

Which of the following is a serious potential complication found only with the anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased risk of infection at the site of inflammation 
B)  Reye's syndrome developing in children and young adults 
C)  Increased incidence of heart attacks 
D)  Greatly delayed blood clotting 
A)  Increased risk of infection at the site of inflammation 
B)  Reye's syndrome developing in children and young adults 
C)  Increased incidence of heart attacks 
D)  Greatly delayed blood clotting C

Question 4

Application of ice to an injured knee reduces edema by:

Accepted Answer

A)  promoting return of lymph fluid. 
B)  causing local vasoconstriction. 
C)  increasing the rate of tissue repair. 
D)  causing systemic vasodilation. 
A)  promoting return of lymph fluid. 
B)  causing local vasoconstriction. 
C)  increasing the rate of tissue repair. 
D)  causing systemic vasodilation.

Question 5

During an inflammatory response, hyperemia is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood flow in the area. 
B)  increased capillary permeability. 
C)  irritation of sensory nerve endings by histamine. 
D)  increased leukocytes in the area. 
A)  increased blood flow in the area. 
B)  increased capillary permeability. 
C)  irritation of sensory nerve endings by histamine. 
D)  increased leukocytes in the area.

Question 6

Inhalation of carbon monoxide is a threat for many burn patients because this gas:

Accepted Answer

A)  causes swelling in the trachea. 
B)  quickly reduces the available oxygen in the blood. 
C)  prevents full expansion of the lungs. 
D)  is toxic to the nervous system. 
A)  causes swelling in the trachea. 
B)  quickly reduces the available oxygen in the blood. 
C)  prevents full expansion of the lungs. 
D)  is toxic to the nervous system.

Question 7

Prostaglandins are produced from ___________ and cause ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  activated plasma protein; increased capillary permeability 
B)  mast cells; vasodilation and pain 
C)  platelets; attraction of neutrophils, chemotaxis 
D)  mast cell granules; activation of histamines and kinins 
A)  activated plasma protein; increased capillary permeability 
B)  mast cells; vasodilation and pain 
C)  platelets; attraction of neutrophils, chemotaxis 
D)  mast cell granules; activation of histamines and kinins

Question 8

Mechanisms to bring an elevated body temperature down to the normal level include:

Accepted Answer

A)  general cutaneous vasodilation. 
B)  generalized shivering. 
C)  increased heart rate. 
D)  increased metabolic rate. 
A)  general cutaneous vasodilation. 
B)  generalized shivering. 
C)  increased heart rate. 
D)  increased metabolic rate.

Question 9

The term leukocytosis means :

Accepted Answer

A)  increased white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. 
B)  decreased WBCs in the blood. 
C)  increased number of immature circulating leukocytes. 
D)  significant change in the proportions of WBCs. 
A)  increased white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. 
B)  decreased WBCs in the blood. 
C)  increased number of immature circulating leukocytes. 
D)  significant change in the proportions of WBCs.

Question 10

Which of the following promotes rapid healing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Closely approximated edges of a wound 
B)  Presence of foreign material 
C)  Exposure to radiation 
D)  Vasoconstriction in the involved area 
A)  Closely approximated edges of a wound 
B)  Presence of foreign material 
C)  Exposure to radiation 
D)  Vasoconstriction in the involved area

Question 11

All of the following are factors that promote healing EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  good nutrition: protein, vitamins A and C. 
B)  a clean, undisturbed wound. 
C)  effective circulation. 
D)  advanced age. 
A)  good nutrition: protein, vitamins A and C. 
B)  a clean, undisturbed wound. 
C)  effective circulation. 
D)  advanced age.

Question 12

The advantages of applying a biosynthetic skin substitute to a large area of full-thickness burns include:
1) reduced risk of infection.
2) decreased loss of plasma protein and fluid.
3) developing stronger fibrous scar tissue.
4) more rapid healing.
5) regeneration of all glands, nerves, and hair follicles.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 4, 5 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 5 
A) 1, 3 
B) 4, 5 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 5

Question 13

Which of the following helps to localize and "wall off" the foreign material during an inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Increased fluid 
C)  Fibrinogen 
D)  Antibodies 
A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Increased fluid 
C)  Fibrinogen 
D)  Antibodies

Question 14

One goal for current research in tissue engineering is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  create a functional replacement tissue when regeneration is not possible. 
B)  adapt cells from the injured organ to produce replacement tissue. 
C)  design a nonliving synthetic replacement tissue. 
D)  use stem cells as a temporary covering for damaged tissue. 
A)  create a functional replacement tissue when regeneration is not possible. 
B)  adapt cells from the injured organ to produce replacement tissue. 
C)  design a nonliving synthetic replacement tissue. 
D)  use stem cells as a temporary covering for damaged tissue.

Question 15

Healing of large areas of skin loss (including dermis and epidermis) would be most successful through:

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid mitosis and regeneration of skin layers. 
B)  resolution of damaged cells in the area. 
C)  covering the area with biosynthetic skin substitute. 
D)  graft of fibrous tissue to the area. 
A)  rapid mitosis and regeneration of skin layers. 
B)  resolution of damaged cells in the area. 
C)  covering the area with biosynthetic skin substitute. 
D)  graft of fibrous tissue to the area.

Question 16

The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to:

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis of foreign material. 
B)  local vasodilation. 
C)  any tissue injury. 
D)  formation of purulent exudates. 
A)  phagocytosis of foreign material. 
B)  local vasodilation. 
C)  any tissue injury. 
D)  formation of purulent exudates.

Question 17

Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include:

Accepted Answer

A)  albumin and fibrinogen. 
B)  growth factors and cell enzymes. 
C)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
D)  histamine and prostaglandins. 
A)  albumin and fibrinogen. 
B)  growth factors and cell enzymes. 
C)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
D)  histamine and prostaglandins.

Question 18

Which of the following statements applies to fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral infection is usually present. 
B)  Heat-loss mechanisms have been stimulated. 
C)  It is caused by a signal to the thalamus. 
D)  It results from release of pyrogens into the circulation. 
A)  Viral infection is usually present. 
B)  Heat-loss mechanisms have been stimulated. 
C)  It is caused by a signal to the thalamus. 
D)  It results from release of pyrogens into the circulation.

Question 19

Isoenzymes in the circulating blood:

Accepted Answer

A)  are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood. 
B)  often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response. 
C)  are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory response. 
D)  are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever. 
A)  are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood. 
B)  often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response. 
C)  are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory response. 
D)  are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever.

Question 20

All of the following are correct statements regarding wound healing EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Resolution occurs where there is minimal tissue damage and the cells can recover. 
B)  Granulation tissue forms a permanent replacement for damaged tissue. 
C)  Regeneration occurs where the cells are capable of mitosis. 
D)  Scar tissue forms where the surrounding cells are incapable of mitosis. 
A)  Resolution occurs where there is minimal tissue damage and the cells can recover. 
B)  Granulation tissue forms a permanent replacement for damaged tissue. 
C)  Regeneration occurs where the cells are capable of mitosis. 
D)  Scar tissue forms where the surrounding cells are incapable of mitosis.

Exam 5: Inflammation and Healing

Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses are called:

Patients taking glucocorticoids for long periods of time are likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is a serious potential complication found only with the anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor drugs?

Application of ice to an injured knee reduces edema by:

During an inflammatory response, hyperemia is caused by:

Inhalation of carbon monoxide is a threat for many burn patients because this gas:

Prostaglandins are produced from ___________ and cause ___________.

Mechanisms to bring an elevated body temperature down to the normal level include:

The term leukocytosis means :

Which of the following promotes rapid healing?

All of the following are factors that promote healing EXCEPT:

Which of the following helps to localize and "wall off" the foreign material during an inflammatory response?

One goal for current research in tissue engineering is to:

Healing of large areas of skin loss (including dermis and epidermis) would be most successful through:

The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to:

Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include:

Which of the following statements applies to fever?

Isoenzymes in the circulating blood:

All of the following are correct statements regarding wound healing EXCEPT:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters

Prostaglandins are produced from _ and cause _.