Question 1

Agenesis is often not diagnosed because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the kidney is displaced from its normal position. 
B)  it is a genetic defect and asymptomatic until mid-life. 
C)  the two functioning kidneys are fused together. 
D)  it is usually asymptomatic as one kidney provides adequate function. 
A)  the kidney is displaced from its normal position. 
B)  it is a genetic defect and asymptomatic until mid-life. 
C)  the two functioning kidneys are fused together. 
D)  it is usually asymptomatic as one kidney provides adequate function. D

Question 2

What would be the long-term effects of chronic infection or inflammation of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dehydration and hypovolemia 
B)  Gradual necrosis, fibrosis, and development of uremia 
C)  Sudden anuria and azotemia 
D)  Severe back or flank pain 
A)  Dehydration and hypovolemia 
B)  Gradual necrosis, fibrosis, and development of uremia 
C)  Sudden anuria and azotemia 
D)  Severe back or flank pain B

Question 3

Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased plasma osmotic pressure 
B)  Dilation of the efferent arteriole 
C)  Increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries 
D)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole 
A)  Increased plasma osmotic pressure 
B)  Dilation of the efferent arteriole 
C)  Increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries 
D)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole C

Question 4

What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of tubule function 
B)  Increased blood pressure 
C)  Decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  Increased GFR 
A)  Loss of tubule function 
B)  Increased blood pressure 
C)  Decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  Increased GFR

Question 5

Uremic signs of renal failure include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  encephalopathy. 
B)  high blood pressure. 
C)  osteodystrophy. 
D)  azotemia and acidosis. 
A)  encephalopathy. 
B)  high blood pressure. 
C)  osteodystrophy. 
D)  azotemia and acidosis.

Question 6

Which disease would cause an increased ASO titer and elevated serum ASK?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephrotic syndrome 
B)  Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 
C)  Pyelonephritis 
D)  Polycystic kidney 
A)  Nephrotic syndrome 
B)  Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 
C)  Pyelonephritis 
D)  Polycystic kidney

Question 7

Common causes of urolithiasis include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypercalcemia. 
B)  hyperlipidemia. 
C)  inadequate fluid intake. 
D)  hyperuricemia. 
A)  hypercalcemia. 
B)  hyperlipidemia. 
C)  inadequate fluid intake. 
D)  hyperuricemia.

Question 8

Why does blood pressure often remain near normal in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Massive amounts of fluid are lost from the body with polyuria. 
B)  Renin and aldosterone are no longer secreted. 
C)  Tubules do not respond to ADH and aldosterone. 
D)  Hypovolemia results from fluid shift to the interstitial compartment. 
A)  Massive amounts of fluid are lost from the body with polyuria. 
B)  Renin and aldosterone are no longer secreted. 
C)  Tubules do not respond to ADH and aldosterone. 
D)  Hypovolemia results from fluid shift to the interstitial compartment.

Question 9

What is the common initial sign of adenocarcinoma of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gross hematuria 
B)  Microscopic hematuria 
C)  Sharp flank pain 
D)  Oliguria 
A)  Gross hematuria 
B)  Microscopic hematuria 
C)  Sharp flank pain 
D)  Oliguria

Question 10

By what process is water reabsorbed from the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmosis 
B)  Active transport 
C)  Cotransport 
D)  Capillary action 
A)  Osmosis 
B)  Active transport 
C)  Cotransport 
D)  Capillary action

Question 11

Circulatory shock causes:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased GFR and increased renin secretion. 
B)  increased ADH and decreased aldosterone secretion. 
C)  immediate tubule necrosis and obstruction. 
D)  sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation and vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles. 
A)  decreased GFR and increased renin secretion. 
B)  increased ADH and decreased aldosterone secretion. 
C)  immediate tubule necrosis and obstruction. 
D)  sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation and vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles.

Question 12

Which of the following indicates the early stage of acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyuria with urine of fixed and low specific gravity 
B)  Hypotension and increased urine output 
C)  Development of decompensated acidosis 
D)  Very low GFR and increased serum urea 
A)  Polyuria with urine of fixed and low specific gravity 
B)  Hypotension and increased urine output 
C)  Development of decompensated acidosis 
D)  Very low GFR and increased serum urea

Question 13

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the inflammation causes:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries. 
B)  glomerular congestion and decreased GFR. 
C)  decreased blood pressure and edema. 
D)  A and B 
A)  increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries. 
B)  glomerular congestion and decreased GFR. 
C)  decreased blood pressure and edema. 
D)  A and B

Question 14

What is the primary reason for hypocalcemia developing during end-stage renal failure or uremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion 
B)  Insufficient calcium in the diet 
C)  Excessive excretion of calcium ions in the urine 
D)  A deficit of activated vitamin D and hyperphosphatemia 
A)  Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion 
B)  Insufficient calcium in the diet 
C)  Excessive excretion of calcium ions in the urine 
D)  A deficit of activated vitamin D and hyperphosphatemia

Question 15

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the glomerular inflammation results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  toxins produced by the bacteria. 
B)  a type III hypersensitivity reaction. 
C)  an ascending infection from the bladder. 
D)  spread of infection from the tubules. 
A)  toxins produced by the bacteria. 
B)  a type III hypersensitivity reaction. 
C)  an ascending infection from the bladder. 
D)  spread of infection from the tubules.

Question 16

Which of the following causes acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polycystic kidney disease 
B)  Pyelonephritis in the right kidney 
C)  Nephrosclerosis 
D)  Bilateral acute glomerulonephritis 
A)  Polycystic kidney disease 
B)  Pyelonephritis in the right kidney 
C)  Nephrosclerosis 
D)  Bilateral acute glomerulonephritis

Question 17

What causes the dark urine associated with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood and protein leaking through the capillary into the filtrate 
B)  Proteinuria and microscopic hematuria from the inflammation 
C)  Pyuria from inflammatory exudate 
D)  Bleeding from ulcerations in the kidneys 
A)  Blood and protein leaking through the capillary into the filtrate 
B)  Proteinuria and microscopic hematuria from the inflammation 
C)  Pyuria from inflammatory exudate 
D)  Bleeding from ulcerations in the kidneys

Question 18

Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder 
B)  Renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder to the ureter 
C)  Ureter to the renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder 
D)  Collecting duct to the ureter to the urethra 
A)  Collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder 
B)  Renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder to the ureter 
C)  Ureter to the renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder 
D)  Collecting duct to the ureter to the urethra

Question 19

Which of the following results from obstruction of the left ureter by a renal calculus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mild flank pain on the affected side 
B)  Hydronephrosis in both kidneys 
C)  Immediate cessation of urine production 
D)  An attack of renal colic 
A)  Mild flank pain on the affected side 
B)  Hydronephrosis in both kidneys 
C)  Immediate cessation of urine production 
D)  An attack of renal colic

Question 20

What are the significant signs of nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria 
B)  Pyuria and leucopenia 
C)  Hypertension and heart failure 
D)  Gross hematuria and pyuria 
A)  Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria 
B)  Pyuria and leucopenia 
C)  Hypertension and heart failure 
D)  Gross hematuria and pyuria

Exam 18: Urinary System Disorders

Agenesis is often not diagnosed because:

What would be the long-term effects of chronic infection or inflammation of the kidneys?

Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate?

What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?

Uremic signs of renal failure include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which disease would cause an increased ASO titer and elevated serum ASK?

Common causes of urolithiasis include all of the following EXCEPT:

Why does blood pressure often remain near normal in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

What is the common initial sign of adenocarcinoma of the kidney?

By what process is water reabsorbed from the filtrate?

Circulatory shock causes:

Which of the following indicates the early stage of acute renal failure?

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the inflammation causes:

What is the primary reason for hypocalcemia developing during end-stage renal failure or uremia?

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the glomerular inflammation results from:

Which of the following causes acute renal failure?

What causes the dark urine associated with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?

Which of the following results from obstruction of the left ureter by a renal calculus?

What are the significant signs of nephrotic syndrome?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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