Question 1

Landscape ecology ________.

Accepted Answer

A) is the application of ecological principles to the study of land-use patterns 
B) focuses primarily on how to restore human-altered ecological systems 
C) deals primarily with ecosystems in urban settings 
D) deals with the study of the ranges of different species 
A) is the application of ecological principles to the study of land-use patterns 
B) focuses primarily on how to restore human-altered ecological systems 
C) deals primarily with ecosystems in urban settings 
D) deals with the study of the ranges of different species

Question 2

Sustainable development ________.

Accepted Answer

A) will require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle, but is not necessary for the survival of the human species nor will it require global, multinational cooperation 
B) is necessary for the survival of the human species, but will not require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle nor global, multinational cooperation 
C) will require global, multinational cooperation, but not involve making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle, nor is it necessary for the survival of the human species 
D) will require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle, is necessary for the survival of the human species, and will require global, multinational cooperation 
A) will require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle, but is not necessary for the survival of the human species nor will it require global, multinational cooperation 
B) is necessary for the survival of the human species, but will not require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle nor global, multinational cooperation 
C) will require global, multinational cooperation, but not involve making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle, nor is it necessary for the survival of the human species 
D) will require making difficult decisions regarding the environment and lifestyle, is necessary for the survival of the human species, and will require global, multinational cooperation

Question 3

A movement corridor ________.

Accepted Answer

A) is a path used by migratory animals when they move to their winter habitats 
B) is the path most commonly used by an animal within its home range 
C) connects otherwise isolated patches of quality habitat for a species 
D) is a natural component of the environment 
A) is a path used by migratory animals when they move to their winter habitats 
B) is the path most commonly used by an animal within its home range 
C) connects otherwise isolated patches of quality habitat for a species 
D) is a natural component of the environment

Question 4

Populations of two coexisting species are both tertiary consumers in a community. What relationship may exist between these two organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) predation 
B) mutualism 
C) competition 
D) succession 
A) predation 
B) mutualism 
C) competition 
D) succession

Question 5

Biomass is the total amount of ________ an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) organic matter contained in the consumers of 
B) organic matter contained in the producers of 
C) chemical elements recycled by the detritivores of 
D) organic material in 
A) organic matter contained in the consumers of 
B) organic matter contained in the producers of 
C) chemical elements recycled by the detritivores of 
D) organic material in

Question 6

Most decomposers are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) plants and fungi 
B) bacteria and plants 
C) fungi and prokaryotes 
D) animals 
A) plants and fungi 
B) bacteria and plants 
C) fungi and prokaryotes 
D) animals

Question 7

One problem with eradicating invasive species is that sometimes the disturbed area is unable to be colonized by native species. For example, in forests where the invasive plant garlic mustard has been removed, native plants and animals do not recolonize because they are extinct in that patch of forest. How should restoration ecologists increase species diversity and recover ecosystem function?

Accepted Answer

A) Introduce tertiary consumers. 
B) Develop movement corridors for primary producers. 
C) Develop movement corridors for species with similar niches. 
D) Eliminate keystone species. 
A) Introduce tertiary consumers. 
B) Develop movement corridors for primary producers. 
C) Develop movement corridors for species with similar niches. 
D) Eliminate keystone species.

Question 8

What is one way in which the movement of energy and chemicals differ in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy flow is unidirectional; chemical elements can be recycled. 
B) Energy can enter but cannot leave an ecosystem; chemical elements can leave but cannot enter an ecosystem. 
C) Energy flows from lower to higher trophic levels; chemicals cycle from higher to lower trophic levels. 
D) Both energy and chemical elements always remain within a single ecosystem. 
A) Energy flow is unidirectional; chemical elements can be recycled. 
B) Energy can enter but cannot leave an ecosystem; chemical elements can leave but cannot enter an ecosystem. 
C) Energy flows from lower to higher trophic levels; chemicals cycle from higher to lower trophic levels. 
D) Both energy and chemical elements always remain within a single ecosystem.

Question 9

The ecosystem that has low primary production but contributes a large proportion of Earth's total net primary production is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) tropical rain forest 
B) coral reef 
C) open ocean 
D) desert 
A) tropical rain forest 
B) coral reef 
C) open ocean 
D) desert

Question 10

The single greatest threat to biodiversity comes from ________.

Accepted Answer

A) habitat destruction and fragmentation 
B) invasive species 
C) overexploitation 
D) pollution 
A) habitat destruction and fragmentation 
B) invasive species 
C) overexploitation 
D) pollution

Question 11

-Examine the figure. If both barnacle species (Chthalamus and Balanus)had identical niches, but Balanus is a superior competitor, how would the figure need to be changed? Assume the captions would be edited appropriately.

Accepted Answer

A) Chthalamus would not be present in in (a)and Balanus would be distributed to the high tide line. 
B) Chthalamus would not be distributed below the low tide line in (b). 
C) Balanus would be between the low and high tide lines, and Chthalamus below the low tide line in (a). 
A) Chthalamus would not be present in in (a)and Balanus would be distributed to the high tide line. 
B) Chthalamus would not be distributed below the low tide line in (b). 
C) Balanus would be between the low and high tide lines, and Chthalamus below the low tide line in (a).

Question 12

Why does the invasive brown treesnake have a negative effect on the biodiversity of Guam?

Accepted Answer

A) It disrupts mutualistic interactions that are necessary for the reproduction of primary producers. 
B) It eats poultry and causes frequent power outages by shorting out high-voltage wires. 
C) It competes with native snakes for nesting sites and prey. 
D) It is venomous and kills forest scientists who study Guam's biodiversity. 
A) It disrupts mutualistic interactions that are necessary for the reproduction of primary producers. 
B) It eats poultry and causes frequent power outages by shorting out high-voltage wires. 
C) It competes with native snakes for nesting sites and prey. 
D) It is venomous and kills forest scientists who study Guam's biodiversity.

Question 13

________ convert nitrogen from nitrates to N2.

Accepted Answer

A) Nitrifying bacteria 
B) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the soil 
C) Denitrifying bacteria 
D) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes 
A) Nitrifying bacteria 
B) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the soil 
C) Denitrifying bacteria 
D) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes

Question 14

What is the estimated annual value of ecosystem services?

Accepted Answer

A) $1 billion 
B) $30 trillion 
C) $30 billion 
D) $1 trillion 
A) $1 billion 
B) $30 trillion 
C) $30 billion 
D) $1 trillion

Question 15

The primary goal of conservation biology is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) catalog species 
B) maximize the land set aside for wildlife 
C) integrate human culture back into nature 
D) counter the loss of biodiversity 
A) catalog species 
B) maximize the land set aside for wildlife 
C) integrate human culture back into nature 
D) counter the loss of biodiversity

Question 16

The present rate of species loss ________.

Accepted Answer

A) suggests that about 25% of all plant and animal species may be extinct by the end of the century 
B) is about the same as it has been during the last 100,000 years 
C) is as much as 100 times higher than at any time in the last 100,000 years 
D) is slower than in recent years because of conservation efforts 
A) suggests that about 25% of all plant and animal species may be extinct by the end of the century 
B) is about the same as it has been during the last 100,000 years 
C) is as much as 100 times higher than at any time in the last 100,000 years 
D) is slower than in recent years because of conservation efforts

Question 17

Why are most food chains limited to three to five trophic levels?

Accepted Answer

A) The higher the trophic level, the larger the organism; the larger the organism, the less likely it will be prey. 
B) The nutritional quality of existing biomass decreases with increasing trophic level. 
C) Most ecosystems have insufficient space to support the increased number of organisms that more trophic levels would require. 
D) There is insufficient energy to support more trophic levels. 
A) The higher the trophic level, the larger the organism; the larger the organism, the less likely it will be prey. 
B) The nutritional quality of existing biomass decreases with increasing trophic level. 
C) Most ecosystems have insufficient space to support the increased number of organisms that more trophic levels would require. 
D) There is insufficient energy to support more trophic levels.

Question 18

The atmosphere is approximately 80% ________ gas.

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 
B) H2O 
C) NH3 
D) N2 
A) CO2 
B) H2O 
C) NH3 
D) N2

Question 19

-Examine the figure. What is the interaction between Chthalamus and Balanus?

Accepted Answer

A) interspecific competition 
B) commensalism 
C) mutualism 
D) herbivory 
A) interspecific competition 
B) commensalism 
C) mutualism 
D) herbivory

Question 20

Scenario
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a unicellular eukaryotic organism belonging to the genus Plasmodium. These eukaryotic organisms are transmitted from one person to another by the female Anopheles mosquito when it feeds on human blood. Within humans, the Plasmodium species destroy red blood cells and, without effective treatment, serious infections can lead to death. Currently, more than 400 million people are afflicted with malaria and between 1 and 3 million people die from it each year. Historically, a chemical compound called quinine has been used in developing effective drugs against malaria. In its natural environment, quinine is produced by certain trees native to South America. This chemical is synthesized in the outer layer of tree trunks and acts as an herbivore deterrent.
-Humans, mosquitoes, and Plasmodium together would be considered a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) population 
B) community 
C) ecosystem 
A) population 
B) community 
C) ecosystem

Exam 20: Communities and Ecosystems

Landscape ecology ________.

Sustainable development ________.

A movement corridor ________.

Populations of two coexisting species are both tertiary consumers in a community. What relationship may exist between these two organisms?

Biomass is the total amount of ________ an ecosystem.

Most decomposers are ________.

What is one way in which the movement of energy and chemicals differ in an ecosystem?

The ecosystem that has low primary production but contributes a large proportion of Earth's total net primary production is ________.

The single greatest threat to biodiversity comes from ________.

-Examine the figure. If both barnacle species (Chthalamus and Balanus)had identical niches, but Balanus is a superior competitor, how would the figure need to be changed? Assume the captions would be edited appropriately.

Why does the invasive brown treesnake have a negative effect on the biodiversity of Guam?

________ convert nitrogen from nitrates to N2.

What is the estimated annual value of ecosystem services?

The primary goal of conservation biology is to ________.

The present rate of species loss ________.

Why are most food chains limited to three to five trophic levels?

The atmosphere is approximately 80% ________ gas.

-Examine the figure. What is the interaction between Chthalamus and Balanus?

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters

________ convert nitrogen from nitrates to N₂.