Question 1

The shared genetic code of all life on Earth is evidence that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the genetic code arose relatively late in the history of life on Earth 
B) DNA replication is error-free 
C) all life shares a common ancestry 
D) bacterial cells arose earlier than eukaryotic cells 
A) the genetic code arose relatively late in the history of life on Earth 
B) DNA replication is error-free 
C) all life shares a common ancestry 
D) bacterial cells arose earlier than eukaryotic cells

Question 2

What cellular structure facilitates the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

A) lysosomes 
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
C) peroxisomes 
D) ribosomes 
A) lysosomes 
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
C) peroxisomes 
D) ribosomes

Question 3

DNA contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________, which is found only in RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) a deoxyribose sugar; a ribose sugar 
B) uracil; thymine 
C) uracil; guanine 
D) thymine; uracil 
A) a deoxyribose sugar; a ribose sugar 
B) uracil; thymine 
C) uracil; guanine 
D) thymine; uracil

Question 4

Scenario
If you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time)during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and observe the graph shown here.  
-Assume that you want to take a sample of viruses so that you could use them to infect the most bacteria. At what point on the graph should you take your sample from if you want to achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 5

A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ________.

Accepted Answer

A) result in a longer polypeptide chain 
B) result in a shortened polypeptide chain 
C) change the location at which transcription of the next gene begins 
D) have the same effect as deleting a single nucleotide in the gene 
A) result in a longer polypeptide chain 
B) result in a shortened polypeptide chain 
C) change the location at which transcription of the next gene begins 
D) have the same effect as deleting a single nucleotide in the gene

Question 6

Plant viruses ________.

Accepted Answer

A) often use RNA, rather than DNA, as their genetic material 
B) benefit plants, rather than causing disease 
C) cause diseases that can be easily cured 
D) do not exist, as viruses attack only animals 
A) often use RNA, rather than DNA, as their genetic material 
B) benefit plants, rather than causing disease 
C) cause diseases that can be easily cured 
D) do not exist, as viruses attack only animals

Question 7

Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ________.

Accepted Answer

A) X-ray crystallography studies 
B) studies of disease-causing bacteria 
C) bacteriophage studies 
A) X-ray crystallography studies 
B) studies of disease-causing bacteria 
C) bacteriophage studies

Question 8

If a strand of DNA has the sequence GACTTA, transcription will result in a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) single RNA strand with the sequence CUGAAU 
B) DNA double helix with the sequence CTGAAT for one strand and TAAGTC for the complementary strand 
C) single RNA strand with the sequence CTGAAT 
D) DNA double helix with the sequence CUGAAU for one strand and UAAGUC for the complementary strand 
A) single RNA strand with the sequence CUGAAU 
B) DNA double helix with the sequence CTGAAT for one strand and TAAGTC for the complementary strand 
C) single RNA strand with the sequence CTGAAT 
D) DNA double helix with the sequence CUGAAU for one strand and UAAGUC for the complementary strand

Question 9

The CORRECT sequence of events that occurs during transcription is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) splicing, adding a cap, adding a tail 
B) initiation, elongation, termination 
C) adding a tail, adding a cap, splicing 
D) elongation, initiation, termination 
A) splicing, adding a cap, adding a tail 
B) initiation, elongation, termination 
C) adding a tail, adding a cap, splicing 
D) elongation, initiation, termination

Question 10

What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA splicing 
B) the removal of exons 
C) a cap and tail 
A) RNA splicing 
B) the removal of exons 
C) a cap and tail

Question 11

Translation converts the information stored in ________ to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA; RNA 
B) RNA; a polypeptide 
C) DNA; a polypeptide 
D) RNA; DNA 
A) DNA; RNA 
B) RNA; a polypeptide 
C) DNA; a polypeptide 
D) RNA; DNA

Question 12

Consider the following figure. It illustrates that a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin gene ________.

Accepted Answer

A) always involves adenine and uracil 
B) changes an amino acid in the hemoglobin protein 
C) is a silent mutation 
D) causes a nonsense mutation 
A) always involves adenine and uracil 
B) changes an amino acid in the hemoglobin protein 
C) is a silent mutation 
D) causes a nonsense mutation

Question 13

The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a strand of mRNA that lacks its cap and tail 
B) the production of a longer RNA molecule 
C) the production of a shorter RNA molecule 
A) a strand of mRNA that lacks its cap and tail 
B) the production of a longer RNA molecule 
C) the production of a shorter RNA molecule

Question 14

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) RNA polymerase 
A) DNA polymerase 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) RNA polymerase

Question 15

What is the ultimate source of all diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection 
B) sexual recombination 
C) meiosis 
D) mutation 
A) natural selection 
B) sexual recombination 
C) meiosis 
D) mutation

Question 16

As an experiment, you infect bacteria with an unknown virus to see how the virus affects the bacteria. After a few days, you notice that the bacterial population is growing normally and that the cells appear healthy. Assuming that the infection occurred successfully, what can you conclude from your observations?

Accepted Answer

A) The virus is a bacteriophage that is reproducing via the lytic cycle. 
B) The virus is a retrovirus that is reproducing via the lytic cycle. 
C) The virus is a bacteriophage that is reproducing via the lysogenic cycle. 
D) The virus is a retrovirus that is reproducing via the lysogenic cycle. 
A) The virus is a bacteriophage that is reproducing via the lytic cycle. 
B) The virus is a retrovirus that is reproducing via the lytic cycle. 
C) The virus is a bacteriophage that is reproducing via the lysogenic cycle. 
D) The virus is a retrovirus that is reproducing via the lysogenic cycle.

Question 17

If guanine makes up 60% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases is adenine?

Accepted Answer

A) 60% 
B) 40% 
C) 20% 
D) 50% 
A) 60% 
B) 40% 
C) 20% 
D) 50%

Question 18

A(n)________ is to bacteria as a ________ is to animal cells.

Accepted Answer

A) retrovirus; virus 
B) phage; prophage 
C) prophage; provirus 
D) RNA virus; DNA virus 
A) retrovirus; virus 
B) phage; prophage 
C) prophage; provirus 
D) RNA virus; DNA virus

Question 19

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ________ monomers.

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide 
B) carbohydrate 
C) fatty acid 
D) amino acid 
A) nucleotide 
B) carbohydrate 
C) fatty acid 
D) amino acid

Question 20

Peptide bonds form between ________.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) an mRNA codon and a tRNA anticodon 
C) a tRNA and the amino acid it is carrying 
D) an mRNA transcript and the small ribosomal subunit 
A) amino acids 
B) an mRNA codon and a tRNA anticodon 
C) a tRNA and the amino acid it is carrying 
D) an mRNA transcript and the small ribosomal subunit

Exam 10: The Structure and Function of Dna

The shared genetic code of all life on Earth is evidence that ________.

What cellular structure facilitates the process of translation?

DNA contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________, which is found only in RNA.

A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mRNA would ________.

Plant viruses ________.

Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ________.

If a strand of DNA has the sequence GACTTA, transcription will result in a(n)________.

The CORRECT sequence of events that occurs during transcription is ________.

What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?

Translation converts the information stored in ________ to ________.

Consider the following figure. It illustrates that a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin gene ________.

The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ________.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?

What is the ultimate source of all diversity?

If guanine makes up 60% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases is adenine?

A(n)________ is to bacteria as a ________ is to animal cells.

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ________ monomers.

Peptide bonds form between ________.

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters

DNA contains the nitrogenous base instead of , which is found only in RNA.

Translation converts the information stored in to .

A(n) is to bacteria as a is to animal cells.