Question 1

Which embryonic stem cell characteristic is referred to as totipotent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ability to differentiate into any type of somatic cell. 
B)  Ability to repair its own damaged DNA. 
C)  Ability to determine which parental chromosome copy it will imprint. 
D)  Ability to minimize the impact of poor in utero nutrition. 
A)  Ability to differentiate into any type of somatic cell. 
B)  Ability to repair its own damaged DNA. 
C)  Ability to determine which parental chromosome copy it will imprint. 
D)  Ability to minimize the impact of poor in utero nutrition. D

Question 2

Research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate into functional neurons when subjected to:

Accepted Answer

A)  ethanol. 
B)  marijuana. 
C)  insufficient nutrients. 
D)  poor oxygenation. 
A)  ethanol. 
B)  marijuana. 
C)  insufficient nutrients. 
D)  poor oxygenation. A

Question 3

What characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome is not a characteristic of Angelman syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is inherited from the father. 
B)  Mental retardation is observable. 
C)  Imprinting of an abnormal chromosome 15. 
D)  Seizure disorder is present. 
A)  It is inherited from the father. 
B)  Mental retardation is observable. 
C)  Imprinting of an abnormal chromosome 15. 
D)  Seizure disorder is present. A

Question 4

Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modifications can result from deficient in utero nutrition causing which chronic disease? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity 
B)  Asthma 
C)  Cardiovascular disease 
D)  Diabetes 
E)  Crohn's disease 
A)  Obesity 
B)  Asthma 
C)  Cardiovascular disease 
D)  Diabetes 
E)  Crohn's disease

Question 5

Mutations in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins have been shown to influence the development of what congenial condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cleft palate 
B)  Acephalous 
C)  Heart disease 
D)  Webbed digits 
A)  Cleft palate 
B)  Acephalous 
C)  Heart disease 
D)  Webbed digits

Question 6

During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infancy 
B)  Puberty 
C)  In utero 
D)  Middle age 
A)  Infancy 
B)  Puberty 
C)  In utero 
D)  Middle age

Question 7

What is the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deletion of a nucleotide repeat in the DUX4 gene. 
B)  DNA damage is left unrepaired. 
C)  Expansion in the number of cytosine-guanine (CG) dinucleotide. 
D)  Abnormalities of chromosome 11p15.5 that lead to downregulation of IGF2. 
A)  Deletion of a nucleotide repeat in the DUX4 gene. 
B)  DNA damage is left unrepaired. 
C)  Expansion in the number of cytosine-guanine (CG) dinucleotide. 
D)  Abnormalities of chromosome 11p15.5 that lead to downregulation of IGF2.

Question 8

What comorbid condition does an individual diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome have an increased risk of developing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer 
B)  Diabetes 
C)  Depression 
D)  Food allergies 
A)  Cancer 
B)  Diabetes 
C)  Depression 
D)  Food allergies

Question 9

When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Family genetics 
B)  Lifestyle choices 
C)  Environmental stressors 
D)  Emotional coping skills 
A)  Family genetics 
B)  Lifestyle choices 
C)  Environmental stressors 
D)  Emotional coping skills

Question 10

Screening tools that are epigenetically based have shown promise in diagnosing which types of cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Colon 
B)  Breast 
C)  Skin 
D)  Bladder 
E)  Prostate 
A)  Colon 
B)  Breast 
C)  Skin 
D)  Bladder 
E)  Prostate

Question 11

Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body's cells.What characteristic is associated with these genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack encoding histones. 
B)  They are transcriptionally active. 
C)  Ribosomal RNA genes are absent. 
D)  Epigenetic silencing has occurred. 
A)  They lack encoding histones. 
B)  They are transcriptionally active. 
C)  Ribosomal RNA genes are absent. 
D)  Epigenetic silencing has occurred.

Exam 3: Epigenetics and Disease

Which embryonic stem cell characteristic is referred to as totipotent?

Research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate into functional neurons when subjected to:

What characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome is not a characteristic of Angelman syndrome?

Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modifications can result from deficient in utero nutrition causing which chronic disease? (Select all that apply.)

Mutations in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins have been shown to influence the development of what congenial condition?

During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities?

What is the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer?

What comorbid condition does an individual diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome have an increased risk of developing?

When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers?

Screening tools that are epigenetically based have shown promise in diagnosing which types of cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body's cells.What characteristic is associated with these genes?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations in Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

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