Question 1

Surfactant facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing thoracic compliance. 
B)  attracting water to the alveolar surface. 
C)  decreasing surface tension in alveoli. 
D)  increasing diffusion in alveoli. 
A)  decreasing thoracic compliance. 
B)  attracting water to the alveolar surface. 
C)  decreasing surface tension in alveoli. 
D)  increasing diffusion in alveoli. C

Question 2

In a patient with acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift:

Accepted Answer

A)  to the right, causing more O2 to be released to the cells. 
B)  to the left, allowing less O2 to be released to the cells. 
C)  downward, allowing less O2 to dissolve in the plasma. 
D)  upward, allowing more O2 to dissolve in the plasma. 
A)  to the right, causing more O2 to be released to the cells. 
B)  to the left, allowing less O2 to be released to the cells. 
C)  downward, allowing less O2 to dissolve in the plasma. 
D)  upward, allowing more O2 to dissolve in the plasma. A

Question 3

The nurse is describing the receptors in the lung that decrease ventilatory rate and volume when stimulated.Which receptors is the nurse discussing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide receptors 
B)  Baroreceptors 
C)  Stretch receptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors 
A)  Carbon dioxide receptors 
B)  Baroreceptors 
C)  Stretch receptors 
D)  Chemoreceptors C

Question 4

During inspiration, muscular contraction of the diaphragm causes air to move into the lung.The mechanism that drives air movement during inspiration results in a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in intra-alveolar pressure and shortening of the rib cage. 
B)  decrease in the size of the thorax and alveolar expansion. 
C)  increase in the size of the thorax and decrease in intrapleural pressure. 
D)  increase in atmospheric pressure and intrapleural pressure. 
A)  decrease in intra-alveolar pressure and shortening of the rib cage. 
B)  decrease in the size of the thorax and alveolar expansion. 
C)  increase in the size of the thorax and decrease in intrapleural pressure. 
D)  increase in atmospheric pressure and intrapleural pressure.

Question 5

What nerve provides the lungs with parasympathetic innervation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vagus 
B)  Phrenic 
C)  Brachial 
D)  Pectoral 
A)  Vagus 
B)  Phrenic 
C)  Brachial 
D)  Pectoral

Question 6

A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident experiences a severe head injury and dies as a result of the loss of respirations.The nurse suspects the area of the brain most likely damaged is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  basal ganglia. 
D)  brainstem. 
A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  basal ganglia. 
D)  brainstem.

Question 7

____% of oxygen (O2) enters the bloodstream bound to hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Question 8

Which structures may be found in the walls of the respiratory bronchi? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth muscle 
B)  Surfactant-producing glands 
C)  Goblet cells 
D)  Ciliated cells 
E)  Epithelial lining 
A)  Smooth muscle 
B)  Surfactant-producing glands 
C)  Goblet cells 
D)  Ciliated cells 
E)  Epithelial lining

Question 9

One of the functions of the pulmonary system is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  expelling of bacteria. 
B)  exchange of gases between the environment and blood. 
C)  movement of blood into and out of the capillaries. 
D)  principal mechanism for cooling of the heart. 
A)  expelling of bacteria. 
B)  exchange of gases between the environment and blood. 
C)  movement of blood into and out of the capillaries. 
D)  principal mechanism for cooling of the heart.

Question 10

Which of the following terms should the nurse use when there is a balance between outward recoil of the chest wall and inward recoil of lungs at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Functional residual capacity (FR
C)  is reached. 
B)  Vital capacity (V
C)  is reached. 
C)  Total lung capacity (TL
C)  is reached. 
D)  Residual volume (RV) is reached. 
A)  Functional residual capacity (FR
C)  is reached. 
B)  Vital capacity (V
C)  is reached. 
C)  Total lung capacity (TL
C)  is reached. 
D)  Residual volume (RV) is reached.

Question 11

While reviewing the results of the pulmonary functions test, the nurse is aware that the maximum amount of gas that can be displaced (expired) from the lung is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  vital capacity (V
C) . 
B)  total lung capacity. 
C)  functional capacity. 
D)  residual volume. 
A)  vital capacity (V
C) . 
B)  total lung capacity. 
C)  functional capacity. 
D)  residual volume.

Question 12

Under most circumstances, increased work of breathing results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased partial pressure of O2 in the lungs. 
B)  increased oxygen consumption. 
C)  decreased PaCO2. 
D)  alterations in alveolar perfusion. 
A)  increased partial pressure of O2 in the lungs. 
B)  increased oxygen consumption. 
C)  decreased PaCO2. 
D)  alterations in alveolar perfusion.

Question 13

While auscultating a patient's lungs, a nurse recalls the alveoli in the apices of the lungs are _____ than alveoli in the bases.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger 
B)  more numerous 
C)  more compliant 
D)  less perfused 
A)  larger 
B)  more numerous 
C)  more compliant 
D)  less perfused

Question 14

If an individual with respiratory difficulty were retaining too much carbon dioxide, which of the following compensatory responses would the nurse expect to be initiated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in respiratory rate 
B)  Decrease in ventilation rate 
C)  Increase in tidal volume 
D)  Vasodilation of the pulmonary arterioles 
A)  Increase in respiratory rate 
B)  Decrease in ventilation rate 
C)  Increase in tidal volume 
D)  Vasodilation of the pulmonary arterioles

Question 15

At sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen is approximately ___% (round to the nearest whole number).

Accepted Answer

The answer of At sea level, the partial pressure of...

Question 16

What physiology is present at the base of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arterial perfusion pressure is less than that of alveolar gas pressure. 
B)  Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than they are at the apex. 
C)  Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure. 
D)  Arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure are equal. 
A)  Arterial perfusion pressure is less than that of alveolar gas pressure. 
B)  Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than they are at the apex. 
C)  Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure. 
D)  Arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure are equal.

Question 17

What term is used to describe receptors that respond to increased pulmonary capillary pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritant receptors 
B)  Chemoreceptors 
C)  Stretch receptors 
D)  J-receptors 
A)  Irritant receptors 
B)  Chemoreceptors 
C)  Stretch receptors 
D)  J-receptors

Question 18

The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues.What term should the nurse use to describe this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perfusion 
B)  Ventilation 
C)  Diffusion 
D)  Circulation 
A)  Perfusion 
B)  Ventilation 
C)  Diffusion 
D)  Circulation

Question 19

After entering a room of chemical fog, a 20-year-old male cannot stop coughing.Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for his response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upper respiratory tract mucosa 
B)  Irritant receptors in the trachea and large airways 
C)  Irritant receptors in the nostrils 
D)  Upper respiratory nasal hairs and turbinates 
A)  Upper respiratory tract mucosa 
B)  Irritant receptors in the trachea and large airways 
C)  Irritant receptors in the nostrils 
D)  Upper respiratory nasal hairs and turbinates

Question 20

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly transported in the blood:

Accepted Answer

A)  attached to oxygen (O2). 
B)  dissolved in red blood cells. 
C)  combined with albumin. 
D)  in the form of bicarbonate. 
A)  attached to oxygen (O2). 
B)  dissolved in red blood cells. 
C)  combined with albumin. 
D)  in the form of bicarbonate.

Exam 28: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Surfactant facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by:

In a patient with acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift:

The nurse is describing the receptors in the lung that decrease ventilatory rate and volume when stimulated.Which receptors is the nurse discussing?

During inspiration, muscular contraction of the diaphragm causes air to move into the lung.The mechanism that drives air movement during inspiration results in a(n):

What nerve provides the lungs with parasympathetic innervation?

A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident experiences a severe head injury and dies as a result of the loss of respirations.The nurse suspects the area of the brain most likely damaged is the:

____% of oxygen (O2) enters the bloodstream bound to hemoglobin.

Which structures may be found in the walls of the respiratory bronchi? (Select all that apply.)

One of the functions of the pulmonary system is the:

Which of the following terms should the nurse use when there is a balance between outward recoil of the chest wall and inward recoil of lungs at rest?

While reviewing the results of the pulmonary functions test, the nurse is aware that the maximum amount of gas that can be displaced (expired) from the lung is called:

Under most circumstances, increased work of breathing results in:

While auscultating a patient's lungs, a nurse recalls the alveoli in the apices of the lungs are _____ than alveoli in the bases.

If an individual with respiratory difficulty were retaining too much carbon dioxide, which of the following compensatory responses would the nurse expect to be initiated?

At sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen is approximately ___% (round to the nearest whole number).

What physiology is present at the base of the lungs?

What term is used to describe receptors that respond to increased pulmonary capillary pressure?

The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues.What term should the nurse use to describe this process?

After entering a room of chemical fog, a 20-year-old male cannot stop coughing.Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for his response?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly transported in the blood:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations in Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Filters

____% of oxygen (O₂) enters the bloodstream bound to hemoglobin.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is mainly transported in the blood: