Question 1

The symptoms and signs of large bowel obstruction are:

Accepted Answer

A)  abdominal distention and hypogastric pain. 
B)  diarrhea and excessive thirst. 
C)  dehydration and epigastric pain. 
D)  abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. 
A)  abdominal distention and hypogastric pain. 
B)  diarrhea and excessive thirst. 
C)  dehydration and epigastric pain. 
D)  abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. A

Question 2

A 54 year old reports vomiting blood.Tests reveal portal hypertension.Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thrombosis in the spleen 
B)  Cirrhosis of the liver 
C)  Left ventricular failure 
D)  Renal stenosis 
A)  Thrombosis in the spleen 
B)  Cirrhosis of the liver 
C)  Left ventricular failure 
D)  Renal stenosis B

Question 3

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic 
A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic B

Question 4

Acute pancreatitis often manifests with pain to which of the following regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right lower quadrant 
B)  Right upper quadrant 
C)  Epigastric 
D)  Suprapubic 
A)  Right lower quadrant 
B)  Right upper quadrant 
C)  Epigastric 
D)  Suprapubic

Question 5

The icteric phase of hepatitis is characterized by which clinical manifestations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fatigue, malaise, vomiting 
B)  Jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver 
C)  Resolution of jaundice, liver function returns to normal 
D)  Fulminant liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome 
A)  Fatigue, malaise, vomiting 
B)  Jaundice, dark urine, enlarged liver 
C)  Resolution of jaundice, liver function returns to normal 
D)  Fulminant liver failure, hepatorenal syndrome

Question 6

Which of the following characteristics is associated with an acute occlusion of mesenteric blood flow to the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Often precipitated by an embolism. 
B)  Commonly associated with disease such as pancreatitis and gallstones. 
C)  Caused by chronic malnutrition and mucosal atrophy. 
D)  Often a complication of hypovolemic shock. 
A)  Often precipitated by an embolism. 
B)  Commonly associated with disease such as pancreatitis and gallstones. 
C)  Caused by chronic malnutrition and mucosal atrophy. 
D)  Often a complication of hypovolemic shock.

Question 7

Which of the following type(s) of hepatitis has an incubation period of up to 180 days? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 8

Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of:

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  amylase. 
C)  lipase. 
D)  bile. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  amylase. 
C)  lipase. 
D)  bile.

Question 9

Assuming that midline epigastric pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an abdominal organ, the pain felt is classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  visceral. 
B)  somatic. 
C)  parietal. 
D)  referred. 
A)  visceral. 
B)  somatic. 
C)  parietal. 
D)  referred.

Question 10

A 19 year old presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant.Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever.A possible diagnosis would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  colon cancer. 
B)  pancreatitis. 
C)  appendicitis. 
D)  hepatitis. 
A)  colon cancer. 
B)  pancreatitis. 
C)  appendicitis. 
D)  hepatitis.

Question 11

In alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular damage is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  acetaldehyde accumulation. 
B)  bile toxicity. 
C)  acidosis. 
D)  fatty infiltrations. 
A)  acetaldehyde accumulation. 
B)  bile toxicity. 
C)  acidosis. 
D)  fatty infiltrations.

Question 12

The autopsy of a 55 year old revealed an enlarged liver, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis.What is the most likely cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial infection 
B)  Viral infection 
C)  Alcoholic steatohepatitis 
D)  Drug overdose 
A)  Bacterial infection 
B)  Viral infection 
C)  Alcoholic steatohepatitis 
D)  Drug overdose

Question 13

A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing.These symptoms support which diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyloric stenosis 
B)  Gastric cancer 
C)  Achalasia 
D)  Hiatal hernia 
A)  Pyloric stenosis 
B)  Gastric cancer 
C)  Achalasia 
D)  Hiatal hernia

Question 14

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemorrhage. 
B)  strangulation. 
C)  peritonitis. 
D)  ascites. 
A)  hemorrhage. 
B)  strangulation. 
C)  peritonitis. 
D)  ascites.

Question 15

Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.This condition is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  ileocecal obstruction. 
B)  hiatal hernia. 
C)  pyloric obstruction. 
D)  hiatal obstruction. 
A)  ileocecal obstruction. 
B)  hiatal hernia. 
C)  pyloric obstruction. 
D)  hiatal obstruction.

Question 16

A 50 year old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux.This condition is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus. 
B)  sympathetic nerve stimulation. 
C)  loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter. 
D)  reverse peristalsis of the stomach. 
A)  fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus. 
B)  sympathetic nerve stimulation. 
C)  loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter. 
D)  reverse peristalsis of the stomach.

Question 17

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reflux esophagitis 
B)  Intestinal parasites 
C)  Ingestion of salty foods 
D)  Frequent use of antacids 
A)  Reflux esophagitis 
B)  Intestinal parasites 
C)  Ingestion of salty foods 
D)  Frequent use of antacids

Question 18

An analysis of most gallstones would reveal a high concentration of:

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate. 
B)  bilirubin. 
C)  urate. 
D)  cholesterol. 
A)  phosphate. 
B)  bilirubin. 
C)  urate. 
D)  cholesterol.

Question 19

Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. 
B)  fluid and electrolyte imbalances. 
C)  impaired ammonia metabolism. 
D)  decreased cerebral blood flow. 
A)  hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. 
B)  fluid and electrolyte imbalances. 
C)  impaired ammonia metabolism. 
D)  decreased cerebral blood flow.

Question 20

Bright red bleeding from the rectum is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  melena. 
B)  occult bleeding. 
C)  hematochezia. 
D)  hematemesis. 
A)  melena. 
B)  occult bleeding. 
C)  hematochezia. 
D)  hematemesis.

Exam 38: Alterations of Digestive Function

The symptoms and signs of large bowel obstruction are:

A 54 year old reports vomiting blood.Tests reveal portal hypertension.Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

Acute pancreatitis often manifests with pain to which of the following regions?

The icteric phase of hepatitis is characterized by which clinical manifestations?

Which of the following characteristics is associated with an acute occlusion of mesenteric blood flow to the small intestine?

Which of the following type(s) of hepatitis has an incubation period of up to 180 days? (Select all that apply.)

Pancreatic insufficiency is manifested by deficient production of:

Assuming that midline epigastric pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an abdominal organ, the pain felt is classified as:

A 19 year old presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant.Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever.A possible diagnosis would be:

In alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular damage is caused by:

The autopsy of a 55 year old revealed an enlarged liver, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis.What is the most likely cause of this condition?

A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing.These symptoms support which diagnosis?

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is:

Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.This condition is referred to as:

A 50 year old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux.This condition is caused by:

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his disease?

An analysis of most gallstones would reveal a high concentration of:

Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:

Bright red bleeding from the rectum is referred to as:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations in Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

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