Exam 27: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

An 8-week-old infant's well-baby check reveals a murmur, and an echocardiogram shows a large ventricular septal defect.If left untreated, what condition could develop?

What term is used to describe the patent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery in a fetus?

A 1-month-old infant visits his primary care provider for a well-baby check.Physical exam reveals decreased cardiac output, hypotension, tachycardia, and a loud murmur suggestive of aortic stenosis.Which condition would be expected with this diagnosis?

A 1-year-old female with a ventricular septal defect is experiencing left-sided heart failure.Which symptom will most likely occur?

A 40-year-old pregnant woman is concerned about the health of her unborn child.She has phenylketonuria (PKU) and recently had a viral infection.If the child is born with a congenital heart defect, which of the following is the most likely based on the mother's history? (Select all that apply.)

A 1-month-old infant was diagnosed with truncus arteriosus (TA) with a ventricular septal defect.This condition results in:

A 22-year-old pregnant woman presents to her OB/GYN for a prenatal checkup.The fetal heartbeat sounds irregular, and a fetal echocardiogram reveals an atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect.This defect is the result of:

A newborn is suspected of having coarctation of the aorta.Which of the following assessments would aid in diagnosis?

Intrauterine exposure to which factor could be responsible for a diagnosis of congenital heart disease?

A newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot.What symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child?

When the pediatrician cardiologist discusses total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, which of the following statements BEST describes this condition?

What is the most common type of congenital heart defect assessed for in infants?

A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease.What is the most likely cause of Kawasaki disease?

A newborn child is diagnosed with trisomy 18.Which of the following congenital heart defects should the nurse assess for in the infant? (Select all that apply.)

An 8-week-old infant presents to the pediatrician for a well-baby checkup.Physical exam reveals a murmur, and an echocardiogram confirms a ventricular septal defect.Which genetic disorder is likely to accompany this diagnosis?

An infant undergoes an echocardiogram for a suspected heart defect.Tests reveal an opening in the middle of the atrial septum.What term would the nurse use to describe this defect?

A 2-week-old infant who presents with poor feeding, fatigue, dyspnea, and a murmur is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).This condition results in a(n):

A newborn experiences frequent periods of cyanosis, usually occurring during crying or after feeding.Which cardiac diagnosis does this history support?

A 5-year-old female is found to have hypertension during three separate visits to her primary care provider.The nurse would expect tests to suggest that the hypertension is secondary to:

A newborn child has a murmur and is cyanotic.An echocardiogram reveals that the tricuspid valve failed to develop and so no blood flows between the right atrium and ventricle.This condition is described with the term tricuspid: