Question 1

Brachytherapy is being used to treat cancer in a patient.What types of cancers respond well to brachytherapy? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostate 
B)  Cervix 
C)  Head 
D)  Neck 
E)  Lung 
A)  Prostate 
B)  Cervix 
C)  Head 
D)  Neck 
E)  Lung A, B, C, D

Question 2

Which genetic change causes alterations in only one or a few nucleotide bases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insertions 
B)  Deletions 
C)  Point mutations 
D)  Amplification mutations 
A)  Insertions 
B)  Deletions 
C)  Point mutations 
D)  Amplification mutations C

Question 3

A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer.Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herpes virus 
B)  Rubella virus 
C)  Human papillomavirus (HPV) 
D)  Hepatitis B virus 
A)  Herpes virus 
B)  Rubella virus 
C)  Human papillomavirus (HPV) 
D)  Hepatitis B virus C

Question 4

Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal 
B)  altered 
C)  inactive 
D)  tumor-suppressor 
A)  normal 
B)  altered 
C)  inactive 
D)  tumor-suppressor

Question 5

What is the effect of telomere caps on cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated divisions 
B)  Clonal distinction 
C)  Limited mitosis 
D)  Mutation abilities 
A)  Repeated divisions 
B)  Clonal distinction 
C)  Limited mitosis 
D)  Mutation abilities

Question 6

A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus.After 2 months, the virus is still active.Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following cancers is most likely to develop in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  B-cell lymphoma 
B)  Kaposi sarcoma 
C)  T-cell leukemia 
D)  T-cell lipoma 
A)  B-cell lymphoma 
B)  Kaposi sarcoma 
C)  T-cell leukemia 
D)  T-cell lipoma

Question 7

A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a tumor marker.Which of the following could be a possible marker?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red blood cells 
B)  Apoptotic cells 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Neurotransmitters 
A)  Red blood cells 
B)  Apoptotic cells 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Neurotransmitters

Question 8

A patient asks when adjuvant chemotherapy is used.How should the nurse respond? Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used:

Accepted Answer

A)  as the primary treatment. 
B)  before radiation therapy. 
C)  after surgical removal of a tumor. 
D)  in cancer with little risk of metastasis. 
A)  as the primary treatment. 
B)  before radiation therapy. 
C)  after surgical removal of a tumor. 
D)  in cancer with little risk of metastasis.

Question 9

Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grows slowly. 
B)  Has a well-defined capsule. 
C)  Cells vary in size and shape. 
D)  Is well differentiated. 
A)  Grows slowly. 
B)  Has a well-defined capsule. 
C)  Cells vary in size and shape. 
D)  Is well differentiated.

Question 10

An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation.Which of the following is the oncologist describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autonomy 
B)  Anaplasia 
C)  Pleomorphic 
D)  Metastasis 
A)  Autonomy 
B)  Anaplasia 
C)  Pleomorphic 
D)  Metastasis

Question 11

A 25-year-old male develops a tumor of the breast glandular tissue.What type of tumor will be documented on the chart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carcinoma 
B)  Adenocarcinoma 
C)  Sarcoma 
D)  Lymphoma 
A)  Carcinoma 
B)  Adenocarcinoma 
C)  Sarcoma 
D)  Lymphoma

Question 12

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain.Testing reveals a peptic ulcer.Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori.Which of the following is of concern for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastric cancer 
B)  Leukemia 
C)  Lung cancer 
D)  Adenocarcinoma of the colon 
A)  Gastric cancer 
B)  Leukemia 
C)  Lung cancer 
D)  Adenocarcinoma of the colon

Question 13

A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin.What is the nurse describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumor in differentiation 
B)  Dysplastic 
C)  Cancer in situ 
D)  Cancer beyond (meta) situ 
A)  Tumor in differentiation 
B)  Dysplastic 
C)  Cancer in situ 
D)  Cancer beyond (meta) situ

Question 14

A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development.What is the best example the nurse should give?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumonia and lung cancer 
B)  Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer 
C)  Prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer 
D)  Hypercholesterolemia and leukemia 
A)  Pneumonia and lung cancer 
B)  Ulcerative colitis and colon cancer 
C)  Prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer 
D)  Hypercholesterolemia and leukemia

Question 15

Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:

Accepted Answer

A)  release of growth factors. 
B)  tumor regression. 
C)  apoptosis. 
D)  new blood vessel growth. 
A)  release of growth factors. 
B)  tumor regression. 
C)  apoptosis. 
D)  new blood vessel growth.

Question 16

A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer.Which of the following markers should be increased?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 
B)  Catecholamines 
C)  Prostate-specific antigen 
D)  Homovanillic acid 
A)  Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 
B)  Catecholamines 
C)  Prostate-specific antigen 
D)  Homovanillic acid

Question 17

A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer.Which of the following terms best describes this growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malignant tumor 
B)  Lipoma 
C)  Meningioma 
D)  Hypertrophy 
A)  Malignant tumor 
B)  Lipoma 
C)  Meningioma 
D)  Hypertrophy

Question 18

Which statement indicates the patient has a correct understanding of metastasis? The most common route of metastasis is through the blood vessels and:

Accepted Answer

A)  lung tissue. 
B)  body cavities. 
C)  lymphatics. 
D)  connective tissues. 
A)  lung tissue. 
B)  body cavities. 
C)  lymphatics. 
D)  connective tissues.

Exam 11: Biology of Cancer

Brachytherapy is being used to treat cancer in a patient.What types of cancers respond well to brachytherapy? (Select all that apply.)

Which genetic change causes alterations in only one or a few nucleotide bases?

A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer.Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?

Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto-oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene.

What is the effect of telomere caps on cancer cells?

A 30-year-old male with HIV is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus.After 2 months, the virus is still active.Based upon the Epstein-Barr virus, which of the following cancers is most likely to develop in this patient?

A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and is looking for a tumor marker.Which of the following could be a possible marker?

A patient asks when adjuvant chemotherapy is used.How should the nurse respond? Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment is used:

Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors?

An oncologist is discussing when a cancer cell loses differentiation.Which of the following is the oncologist describing?

A 25-year-old male develops a tumor of the breast glandular tissue.What type of tumor will be documented on the chart?

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain.Testing reveals a peptic ulcer.Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori.Which of the following is of concern for this patient?

A nurse is discussing preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin.What is the nurse describing?

A nurse is giving an example of inflammation as an etiology for cancer development.What is the best example the nurse should give?

Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:

A 52-year-old male with hepatitis C recently developed hepatic cancer.Which of the following markers should be increased?

A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer.Which of the following terms best describes this growth?

Which statement indicates the patient has a correct understanding of metastasis? The most common route of metastasis is through the blood vessels and:

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations in Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

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