Question 1

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions. 
B)  the rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane. 
C)  a blockade by calcium ions. 
D)  stimuli instigated during the refractory period. 
A)  a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions. 
B)  the rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane. 
C)  a blockade by calcium ions. 
D)  stimuli instigated during the refractory period. B

Question 2

A nurse assesses the heart after acetylcholine because the effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the refractory period. 
B)  increase calcium influx. 
C)  increase the strength of myocardial contraction. 
D)  decrease the heart rate. 
A)  decrease the refractory period. 
B)  increase calcium influx. 
C)  increase the strength of myocardial contraction. 
D)  decrease the heart rate. D

Question 3

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heart rate. 
B)  decreased blood pressure. 
C)  increased rate and depth of respirations. 
D)  decreased myocardial contractility. 
A)  increased heart rate. 
B)  decreased blood pressure. 
C)  increased rate and depth of respirations. 
D)  decreased myocardial contractility. A

Question 4

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

Accepted Answer

A)  C. 
B)  I. 
C)  T. 
D)  M. 
A)  C. 
B)  I. 
C)  T. 
D)  M.

Question 5

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume.Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Preload 
B)  Peripheral vascular resistance 
C)  Afterload 
D)  Ejection fraction 
E)  Contractility 
A)  Preload 
B)  Peripheral vascular resistance 
C)  Afterload 
D)  Ejection fraction 
E)  Contractility

Question 6

A 20 year old underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain.Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles.Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Closure of the semilunar valve 
B)  Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves 
C)  Closure of the atrioventricular valve 
D)  Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves 
A)  Closure of the semilunar valve 
B)  Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves 
C)  Closure of the atrioventricular valve 
D)  Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves

Question 7

A function of the pericardium is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  provide a barrier against extracardial infections. 
B)  improve blood flow through the heart. 
C)  play a role in cardiac conduction. 
D)  assist in cardiac contraction. 
A)  provide a barrier against extracardial infections. 
B)  improve blood flow through the heart. 
C)  play a role in cardiac conduction. 
D)  assist in cardiac contraction.

Question 8

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole.Which term is the nurse describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preload 
B)  Afterload 
C)  Systemic vascular resistance 
D)  Total peripheral resistance 
A)  Preload 
B)  Afterload 
C)  Systemic vascular resistance 
D)  Total peripheral resistance

Question 9

What represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  PR interval 
B)  QRS complex 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P wave 
A)  PR interval 
B)  QRS complex 
C)  QT interval 
D)  P wave

Question 10

A 28 year old with seizure disorder has a vagus nerve stimulator implanted to help control seizure activity.Which result will the nurse expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased speed of cardiac cycle 
B)  Increased cardiac contractility 
C)  Decreased vasodilation 
D)  Decreased cardiac conduction 
A)  Increased speed of cardiac cycle 
B)  Increased cardiac contractility 
C)  Decreased vasodilation 
D)  Decreased cardiac conduction

Question 11

Which statement indicates the nurse understands coronary ostia? The coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries) are found in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  left ventricle. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  coronary sinus. 
D)  aorta. 
A)  left ventricle. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  coronary sinus. 
D)  aorta.

Question 12

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  has a superior location in the right atrium. 
B)  is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D)  depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. 
A)  has a superior location in the right atrium. 
B)  is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C)  has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D)  depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.

Question 13

What term is used to identify the period that follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absolute refractory 
B)  Hyperpolarization 
C)  Resting 
D)  Threshold 
A)  Absolute refractory 
B)  Hyperpolarization 
C)  Resting 
D)  Threshold

Question 14

Blood flow is affected by: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  blood viscosity. 
B)  blood vessel diameter. 
C)  blood pressure. 
D)  blood vessel length. 
E)  blood composition. 
A)  blood viscosity. 
B)  blood vessel diameter. 
C)  blood pressure. 
D)  blood vessel length. 
E)  blood composition.

Question 15

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure; duration 
B)  volume; force 
C)  viscosity; force 
D)  viscosity; duration 
A)  pressure; duration 
B)  volume; force 
C)  viscosity; force 
D)  viscosity; duration

Question 16

As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  pulmonary veins. 
D)  right ventricle. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  pulmonary veins. 
D)  right ventricle.

Question 17

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  left subclavian artery. 
B)  right atrium. 
C)  right subclavian vein. 
D)  left subclavian vein. 
A)  left subclavian artery. 
B)  right atrium. 
C)  right subclavian vein. 
D)  left subclavian vein.

Question 18

Baroreceptors are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery. 
B)  superior vena cava. 
C)  carotid artery. 
D)  circle of Willis. 
A)  renal artery. 
B)  superior vena cava. 
C)  carotid artery. 
D)  circle of Willis.

Question 19

What is the nurse monitoring when observing the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventricular activity 
B)  Pulmonary artery closure 
C)  Mitral valve opening 
D)  Aortic valve closing 
A)  Ventricular activity 
B)  Pulmonary artery closure 
C)  Mitral valve opening 
D)  Aortic valve closing

Question 20

What are the thickened areas of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells that enable electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosins 
B)  Intercalated disks 
C)  Troponin Ts 
D)  I bands 
A)  Myosins 
B)  Intercalated disks 
C)  Troponin Ts 
D)  I bands

Exam 25: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of:

A nurse assesses the heart after acetylcholine because the effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

The molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume.Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (Select all that apply.)

A 20 year old underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain.Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles.Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

A function of the pericardium is to:

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole.Which term is the nurse describing?

What represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization?

A 28 year old with seizure disorder has a vagus nerve stimulator implanted to help control seizure activity.Which result will the nurse expect to occur?

Which statement indicates the nurse understands coronary ostia? The coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries) are found in the:

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because it:

What term is used to identify the period that follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

Blood flow is affected by: (Select all that apply.)

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the:

The thoracic lymphatic duct drains into the:

Baroreceptors are located in the:

What is the nurse monitoring when observing the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram?

What are the thickened areas of the sarcolemma of myocardial cells that enable electrical impulses to travel in a continuous cell-to-cell fashion called?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations in Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Filters

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _ of contraction during the next systole.