Exam 1: Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

While most bacteria are eliminated by antibiotics, some can possess mutations that are resistant to antibiotics, leading to more drug-resistant strains of bacteria. Such a mutation is an example of which of Charles Darwin's proposed criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection?

How would a behaviorist approach to studying language differ from a cognitive approach to studying language?

The idea that rats have a cognitive map of a maze is supported by the finding that rats:

If rats are allowed to freely explore a maze without being given a food reward and later are put in the maze again with a food reward in the goal box, the rats:

In a distributed representation, information is stored in the:

Connectionist models propose that learning and memory involve:

If a person looks at a golden retriever and a cocker spaniel and realizes the similarity that both of them are dogs, what process is the person using?

Behaviorism places the GREATEST emphasis on:

That Ebbinghaus served as his own participant was problematic because:

Who proposed the law of effect?

A pharmaceutical company has developed a new medication to treat anxiety. In order to check how well the medication responds, neither the experimenter nor the subjects know who received the medication. By doing this, the pharmaceutical company attempts to eliminate the chance of the subject's or experimenter's preconceived notions affecting the results. This is called:

People raised in different cultures often exhibit different behaviors (e.g., perceptual, social, motivational, etc.) How would an empiricist account for such differences across cultures? How would a nativist account for the differences?

Which theorist was considered an empiricist?

Suppose a dog is classically conditioned to salivate in response to a metronome ticking at 90 beats per minute. One can then measure the amount of salivation produced when presented with a metronome ticking at 80 beats per minute, and 100 beats per minute. In this example, what is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

Who believed that human ability is due to a combination of both nature and nurture?

Who conducted the FIRST rigorous experimental studies of human memory?

Sets of statements devised to explain a collection of facts are called:

In the movie Trading Places, a millionaire bets his brother that he can turn a beggar and thief into an upstanding citizen and turn a wealthy, moral man into a common criminal, just by altering the circumstances and environment of the two men. This view reflects the ideas of:

According to Aristotle's principle of frequency, the ideas of "chair" and "table" are linked because people see chairs and tables together:

Cancer patients can develop an aversion to foods they eat right before undergoing chemotherapy. Although the foods themselves do not initially cause feelings of illness, pairing them with chemotherapy, which does cause patients to feel sick, leads to the foods becoming associated with these same feelings. This is an example of: