Exam 1: Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

Mary wants to encourage her son to work harder in school. She has decided to reward him with money for good grades and punish him by adding extra chores for bad grades. Mary's approach is MOST similar to the ideas of:

Suppose two moths are colored such that they blend in with the trees in the forest where they live. If one moth's coloring blends in much better than the other, that moth will have less chance of being eaten by predators, and will therefore be more likely to reproduce, thus passing its beneficial coloring on to its offspring. This is an example of:

B. F. Skinner discovered that, when animals are given intermittent reinforcements, they:

In Ebbinghaus's studies of memory, what was the dependent variable?

According to _____, attending a soccer game might activate a memory of having attended a hockey game the previous day because there would be an association between some of the components the two events have in common.

Who adapted information theory to psychology?

The reason behaviorism lost its appeal is that:

Emily believes that babies learn language simply by being rewarded for making the correct language-like sound in response to something they hear. Her idea about learning language is MOST similar to the ideas of:

In order to compile and accurately measure its effectiveness, the subject pool for a new antidepressant was about 200 subjects. The pharmaceutical company prescribes 100 subjects the new medication X and a sugar pill for the remaining 100 individuals. To ensure effectiveness, the subjects are unaware of who has taken medication X and who has taken the sugar pill. This practice is known as:

The principle that the mind and body exist as separate entities, each with different characteristics and governed by its own laws, is called:

If "black" is said, it might make one think of the word "white." The connection in one's memory between these concepts is known as:

Who is considered a behaviorist?

In Ebbinghaus's studies of memory, the length of delay between learning and relearning was the _____ variable.

After a pigeon learns to peck at a green light, the pigeon also pecks at a light that is a slightly different shade of green. This is an example of:

Who believed that rats were forming a "cognitive map" when they learned to navigate through a maze?

One problem with Ebbinghaus's studies was that:

John Watson's studies of rats running through mazes demonstrated that rats had learned to use their _____ to navigate.

Which factor plays a role in helping the individual concentrate allowing the brain to encode information in order to organize and store memories?

If a person learns a task by insight, we expect performance to:

"Behavior reeks of purpose" was the maxim of: