Question 1

If the resting membrane potential is -70 mV, which cation will move more frequently through a small cation channel?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  sodium 
E)  magnesium 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  sodium 
E)  magnesium

Question 2

In the absence of active chloride ion transport, opening of chloride channels in a cell that has hyperpolarized will result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  net movement of chloride into the cell 
B)  movement of chloride equally in both directions 
C)  absence of any chloride movement 
D)  net movement of chloride out of the cell 
E)  depolarization of the cell 
A)  net movement of chloride into the cell 
B)  movement of chloride equally in both directions 
C)  absence of any chloride movement 
D)  net movement of chloride out of the cell 
E)  depolarization of the cell

Question 3

What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft only?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholinesterase 
B)  choline acetyl transferase 
C)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
D)  monoamine oxidase 
E)  adenylate cyclase 
A)  acetylcholinesterase 
B)  choline acetyl transferase 
C)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
D)  monoamine oxidase 
E)  adenylate cyclase

Question 4

All of the following receptor sub -types are metabotropic, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha adrenergic. 
B)  NMDA 
C)  nicotinic cholinergic. 
D)  muscarinic cholinergic. 
E)  beta adrenergic. 
A)  alpha adrenergic. 
B)  NMDA 
C)  nicotinic cholinergic. 
D)  muscarinic cholinergic. 
E)  beta adrenergic.

Question 5

What type of receptor is both ionotropic and cholinergic?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopaminergic 
B)  adrenergic 
C)  muscarinic 
D)  nicotinic 
E)  serotonergic 
A)  dopaminergic 
B)  adrenergic 
C)  muscarinic 
D)  nicotinic 
E)  serotonergic

Question 6

The neurotransmitter that is released from the presynaptic neuron must diffuse across the_______ to reach the postsynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrite 
B)  cell body 
C)  synaptic cleft 
D)  axon hillock 
E)  axon 
A)  dendrite 
B)  cell body 
C)  synaptic cleft 
D)  axon hillock 
E)  axon

Question 7

Closing of potassium channels causes a hyperpolarization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a quick burst of neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following BEST describes presynaptic facilitation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The modulating neuron enhances neurotransmitter release to the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  The modulating neuron decreases the effective communication between the cell it is modulating and its postsynaptic cell. 
C)  The modulating neuron triggers an action potential in the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  The modulating neuron stabilizes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  The modulating neuron causes an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell. 
A)  The modulating neuron enhances neurotransmitter release to the postsynaptic cell. 
B)  The modulating neuron decreases the effective communication between the cell it is modulating and its postsynaptic cell. 
C)  The modulating neuron triggers an action potential in the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  The modulating neuron stabilizes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  The modulating neuron causes an EPSP on the postsynaptic cell.

Question 10

Which of the following couplings between neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter class is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  enkephalin : neuropeptide 
B)  nitric oxide : gas 
C)  adenosine : amino acid 
D)  norepinephrine : catecholamine 
E)  histamine : biogenic amine 
A)  enkephalin : neuropeptide 
B)  nitric oxide : gas 
C)  adenosine : amino acid 
D)  norepinephrine : catecholamine 
E)  histamine : biogenic amine

Question 11

The synthesis of acetylcholine involves an enzyme called ______, which is present within the axonal cytosol and is responsible for converting______ into acetylcholine + CoA.

Accepted Answer

A)  choline acetyl transferase : acetyl CoA + choline 
B)  choline acetyl transferase : choline + acetate 
C)  choline acetyl transferase : acetyl CoA 
D)  acetylcholinesterase : choline 
E)  acetylcholinesterase : acetyl CoA + choline 
A)  choline acetyl transferase : acetyl CoA + choline 
B)  choline acetyl transferase : choline + acetate 
C)  choline acetyl transferase : acetyl CoA 
D)  acetylcholinesterase : choline 
E)  acetylcholinesterase : acetyl CoA + choline

Question 12

What ion directly triggers neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  calcium 
C)  potassium 
D)  magnesium 
E)  chloride 
A)  sodium 
B)  calcium 
C)  potassium 
D)  magnesium 
E)  chloride

Question 13

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that contains a six -carbon ring with two hydroxyl groups and an amine group?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  nitric oxide 
D)  neuroactive peptides 
E)  amino acids 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  nitric oxide 
D)  neuroactive peptides 
E)  amino acids

Question 14

Neurons that synthesize and release acetylcholine are called_______neurons.

Accepted Answer

A)  ACTH 
B)  gamma 
C)  dopaminergic 
D)  cholinergic 
E)  adrenergic 
A)  ACTH 
B)  gamma 
C)  dopaminergic 
D)  cholinergic 
E)  adrenergic

Question 15

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels for a cation with an equilibrium potential of -30 mV open?

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization 
B)  returns to -70 mV 
C)  repolarization 
D)  hyperpolarization 
E)  membrane stabilization 
A)  depolarization 
B)  returns to -70 mV 
C)  repolarization 
D)  hyperpolarization 
E)  membrane stabilization

Question 16

What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft and in the mitochondria of the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  choline acetyl transferase 
B)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
C)  monoamine oxidase 
D)  acetylcholinesterase 
E)  adenylate cyclase 
A)  choline acetyl transferase 
B)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
C)  monoamine oxidase 
D)  acetylcholinesterase 
E)  adenylate cyclase

Question 17

Which of the following is a biogenic amine that is NOT classified as a catecholamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine 
B)  serotonin 
C)  adrenaline 
D)  dopamine 
E)  norepinephrine 
A)  epinephrine 
B)  serotonin 
C)  adrenaline 
D)  dopamine 
E)  norepinephrine

Question 18

GABA is a biogenic amine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

IPSPs can only summate with IPSPs, and EPSPs can only summate with EPSPs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What type of ion channels is necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  voltage -gated 
B)  chemically -gated 
C)  receptor -gated 
D)  mechanically -gated 
E)  ligand -gated 
A)  voltage -gated 
B)  chemically -gated 
C)  receptor -gated 
D)  mechanically -gated 
E)  ligand -gated

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

If the resting membrane potential is -70 mV, which cation will move more frequently through a small cation channel?

In the absence of active chloride ion transport, opening of chloride channels in a cell that has hyperpolarized will result in which of the following?

What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft only?

All of the following receptor sub -types are metabotropic, EXCEPT

What type of receptor is both ionotropic and cholinergic?

The neurotransmitter that is released from the presynaptic neuron must diffuse across the_______ to reach the postsynaptic neuron.

Closing of potassium channels causes a hyperpolarization.

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a quick burst of neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.

Which of the following BEST describes presynaptic facilitation?

Which of the following couplings between neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter class is INCORRECT?

The synthesis of acetylcholine involves an enzyme called ______, which is present within the axonal cytosol and is responsible for converting______ into acetylcholine + CoA.

What ion directly triggers neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron?

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that contains a six -carbon ring with two hydroxyl groups and an amine group?

Neurons that synthesize and release acetylcholine are called_______neurons.

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels for a cation with an equilibrium potential of -30 mV open?

What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft and in the mitochondria of the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell?

Which of the following is a biogenic amine that is NOT classified as a catecholamine?

GABA is a biogenic amine.

IPSPs can only summate with IPSPs, and EPSPs can only summate with EPSPs.

What type of ion channels is necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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The synthesis of acetylcholine involves an enzyme called , which is present within the axonal cytosol and is responsible for converting into acetylcholine + CoA.