Question 1

Presynaptic modulation occurs at axosomatic synapses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

-In Figure 8.1, what is going on in Step 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium activation of pro -neurohormone 
B)  the migration of the vesicle containing neurotransmitter to the cell membrane and its release by exocytosis 
C)  calcium is metabolized and packaged into secretory vesicles 
D)  phagocytosis of calcium and its subsequent release 
E)  diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft before binding to the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane 
A)  calcium activation of pro -neurohormone 
B)  the migration of the vesicle containing neurotransmitter to the cell membrane and its release by exocytosis 
C)  calcium is metabolized and packaged into secretory vesicles 
D)  phagocytosis of calcium and its subsequent release 
E)  diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft before binding to the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane

Question 3

Nitric oxide is a(n)_______that functions as a neurotransmitter.
A) gas
B) amino acid
C) catecholamine
D) neuroactive peptide
E) biogenic amine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nitric oxide is a(n)_______that functions as a...

Question 4

Fast excitatory responses not only occur quickly, but they

Accepted Answer

A)  remain active for a long period of time. 
B)  are maintained for minutes to hours. 
C)  end quickly. 
D)  always create a substantial depolarization. 
E)  also have a slow component. 
A)  remain active for a long period of time. 
B)  are maintained for minutes to hours. 
C)  end quickly. 
D)  always create a substantial depolarization. 
E)  also have a slow component.

Question 5

What is a change in the postsynaptic potential that brings membrane potential closer to threshold called?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential 
B)  excitatory postsynaptic potential 
C)  suprathreshold postsynaptic potential 
D)  inhibitory postsynaptic potential 
E)  inhibitory presynaptic potential 
A)  hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential 
B)  excitatory postsynaptic potential 
C)  suprathreshold postsynaptic potential 
D)  inhibitory postsynaptic potential 
E)  inhibitory presynaptic potential

Question 6

Suprathreshold graded potentials within a neuron can generate ________action potential(s) at the axon hillock, which allows for the________of the magnitude of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple : frequency coding 
B)  a single : frequency coding 
C)  several : amplitude coding 
D)  a single : amplitude coding 
E)  multiple : amplitude coding 
A)  multiple : frequency coding 
B)  a single : frequency coding 
C)  several : amplitude coding 
D)  a single : amplitude coding 
E)  multiple : amplitude coding

Question 7

In the absence of an active chloride transporter in the plasma membrane, chloride acts to_______ membrane potential by resisting any change in membrane potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarize 
B)  modify 
C)  stabilize 
D)  alter 
E)  hyperpolarize 
A)  depolarize 
B)  modify 
C)  stabilize 
D)  alter 
E)  hyperpolarize

Question 8

Information on the amplitude of a particular response is coded for by the amplitude of the action potential generated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when potassium channels close?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  membrane stabilization 
C)  returns to -70 mV 
D)  depolarization 
E)  repolarization 
A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  membrane stabilization 
C)  returns to -70 mV 
D)  depolarization 
E)  repolarization

Question 10

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of an action potential being generated in a postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell that actively transports chloride ions out of the cell 
B)  presynaptic excitation at an excitatory synapse 
C)  presynaptic inhibition at an excitatory synapse 
D)  opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell with no active transport of chloride ions 
E)  opening of potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell 
A)  opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell that actively transports chloride ions out of the cell 
B)  presynaptic excitation at an excitatory synapse 
C)  presynaptic inhibition at an excitatory synapse 
D)  opening of chloride channels on a postsynaptic cell with no active transport of chloride ions 
E)  opening of potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell

Question 11

Temporal summation is less likely to occur when the receptor that has been activated is a (fast / slow) receptor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Temporal summation is less likely to occur...

Question 12

Synaptic potentials are produced at what type of synapse?

Accepted Answer

A)  axoaxonic, axodendritic, and axosomatic synapses 
B)  axoaxonic and axodendritic synapses only 
C)  axoaxonic and axosomatic synapses only 
D)  pre -axon hillock synapses only 
E)  axodendritic synapses only 
A)  axoaxonic, axodendritic, and axosomatic synapses 
B)  axoaxonic and axodendritic synapses only 
C)  axoaxonic and axosomatic synapses only 
D)  pre -axon hillock synapses only 
E)  axodendritic synapses only

Question 13

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels, that permit both sodium and potassium to move through, open?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  returns to -70 mV 
C)  membrane stabilization 
D)  repolarization 
E)  depolarization 
A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  returns to -70 mV 
C)  membrane stabilization 
D)  repolarization 
E)  depolarization

Question 14

Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic vesicles 
B)  Golgi apparatus 
C)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  cytosol of the axon terminal 
E)  axon hillock 
A)  synaptic vesicles 
B)  Golgi apparatus 
C)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  cytosol of the axon terminal 
E)  axon hillock

Question 15

What type of receptor is both metabotropic and cholinergic?

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenergic 
B)  serotonergic 
C)  muscarinic 
D)  dopaminergic 
E)  nicotinic 
A)  adrenergic 
B)  serotonergic 
C)  muscarinic 
D)  dopaminergic 
E)  nicotinic

Question 16

Which of the following neurotransmitters is the most common neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  substance P 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  glycine 
A)  substance P 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  glycine

Question 17

The synaptic delay is caused by the time required for which step of neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

A)  packaging of neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles 
B)  calcium entry to trigger exocytosis 
C)  the synthesis of neurotransmitter 
D)  an action potential to move from axon hillock to axon terminal 
E)  the neurotransmitter to diffuse across the synaptic cleft 
A)  packaging of neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles 
B)  calcium entry to trigger exocytosis 
C)  the synthesis of neurotransmitter 
D)  an action potential to move from axon hillock to axon terminal 
E)  the neurotransmitter to diffuse across the synaptic cleft

Question 18

Most communication between neurons in the central nervous system is one -to -one, that is, one presynaptic neuron communicates to just one postsynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Connexons are a necessary component of electrical synapses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

An example of a slow excitatory postsynaptic potential that involves closure of potassium channels relies on cAMP produced by what enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  G protein 
B)  phosphodiesterase 
C)  protein kinase C 
D)  adenylate cyclase 
E)  protein kinase A 
A)  G protein 
B)  phosphodiesterase 
C)  protein kinase C 
D)  adenylate cyclase 
E)  protein kinase A

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Presynaptic modulation occurs at axosomatic synapses.

-In Figure 8.1, what is going on in Step 3?

Nitric oxide is a(n)_______that functions as a neurotransmitter. A) gas B) amino acid C) catecholamine D) neuroactive peptide E) biogenic amine

Fast excitatory responses not only occur quickly, but they

What is a change in the postsynaptic potential that brings membrane potential closer to threshold called?

Suprathreshold graded potentials within a neuron can generate ________action potential(s) at the axon hillock, which allows for the________of the magnitude of the stimulus.

In the absence of an active chloride transporter in the plasma membrane, chloride acts to_______ membrane potential by resisting any change in membrane potential.

Information on the amplitude of a particular response is coded for by the amplitude of the action potential generated.

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when potassium channels close?

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of an action potential being generated in a postsynaptic cell?

Temporal summation is less likely to occur when the receptor that has been activated is a (fast / slow) receptor.

Synaptic potentials are produced at what type of synapse?

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels, that permit both sodium and potassium to move through, open?

Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

What type of receptor is both metabotropic and cholinergic?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is the most common neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system?

The synaptic delay is caused by the time required for which step of neurotransmitter release?

Most communication between neurons in the central nervous system is one -to -one, that is, one presynaptic neuron communicates to just one postsynaptic neuron.

Connexons are a necessary component of electrical synapses.

An example of a slow excitatory postsynaptic potential that involves closure of potassium channels relies on cAMP produced by what enzyme?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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Suprathreshold graded potentials within a neuron can generate action potential(s) at the axon hillock, which allows for theof the magnitude of the stimulus.