Question 1

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can occur as either fast or slow responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When voltage -dependent calcium channels open, calcium moves out of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The action of any chemical messenger ultimately depends not on the nature of the messenger, but rather on the

Accepted Answer

A)  signal transduction mechanism activated. 
B)  half -life of the messenger. 
C)  nerve cell stimulated. 
D)  organ system activated. 
E)  affinity of the receptor. 
A)  signal transduction mechanism activated. 
B)  half -life of the messenger. 
C)  nerve cell stimulated. 
D)  organ system activated. 
E)  affinity of the receptor.

Question 4

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
B)  choline acetyl transferase 
C)  adenylate cyclase 
D)  acetylcholinesterase 
E)  monoamine oxidase 
A)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
B)  choline acetyl transferase 
C)  adenylate cyclase 
D)  acetylcholinesterase 
E)  monoamine oxidase

Question 5

Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytosol and actively transported into synaptic vesicles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Voltage -gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  summation of graded potentials at the axon hillock 
B)  paracrines released from the post -synaptic cell 
C)  initiation of an action potential in the axon hillock 
D)  neurotransmitter binding to receptor 
E)  arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal 
A)  summation of graded potentials at the axon hillock 
B)  paracrines released from the post -synaptic cell 
C)  initiation of an action potential in the axon hillock 
D)  neurotransmitter binding to receptor 
E)  arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal

Question 7

-Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that bind with the neurotransmitter in Step 4 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

Accepted Answer

A)  a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel 
B)  an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft 
C)  endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter 
D)  a voltage -gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+ 
E)  transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter 
A)  a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel 
B)  an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft 
C)  endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter 
D)  a voltage -gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+ 
E)  transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter

Question 8

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a neuropeptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  substance P 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  glycine 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  substance P 
C)  norepinephrine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  glycine

Question 9

Presynaptic modulation involves a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of one neuron affecting the membrane potential of an axon terminal from another neuron on which the first has synapsed (axoaxonic synapse).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Describe the process of neural integration in neurons, with particular emphasis on summation and how action potentials are generated within neurons.

Accepted Answer

In order for an action potential to be t

Question 11

What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  choline acetyl transferase 
B)  acetylcholinesterase 
C)  adenylate cyclase 
D)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
E)  monoamine oxidase 
A)  choline acetyl transferase 
B)  acetylcholinesterase 
C)  adenylate cyclase 
D)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
E)  monoamine oxidase

Question 12

The most common mechanism for producing a fast EPSP involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  opening of potassium -selective channels 
B)  closing of sodium -selective channels 
C)  opening of sodium -selective channels 
D)  closing of potassium -selective channels 
E)  opening of channels that permit both sodium and potassium to flow through 
A)  opening of potassium -selective channels 
B)  closing of sodium -selective channels 
C)  opening of sodium -selective channels 
D)  closing of potassium -selective channels 
E)  opening of channels that permit both sodium and potassium to flow through

Question 13

Slow postsynaptic potentials can be caused by the opening or closing of ion channels, whereas fast postsynaptic potentials only involve the opening of ion channels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Why are amino acid neurotransmitters NOT considered biogenic amines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids lose their activity when stored, while biogenic amines do not. 
B)  Biogenic amines still contain an amine group, but are no longer amino acids. 
C)  Amino acids are excitatory only, while biogenic amines are not. 
D)  Amino acids used to make biogenic amines are not used for anything else. 
E)  Biogenic amines may be taken up by non -conducting cells, while amino acids are not. 
A)  Amino acids lose their activity when stored, while biogenic amines do not. 
B)  Biogenic amines still contain an amine group, but are no longer amino acids. 
C)  Amino acids are excitatory only, while biogenic amines are not. 
D)  Amino acids used to make biogenic amines are not used for anything else. 
E)  Biogenic amines may be taken up by non -conducting cells, while amino acids are not.

Question 15

What type of receptor is responsible for the rapid opening of ion channels in response to the interaction between the ligand and receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionotropic 
B)  metabotropic 
C)  chemotropic 
D)  potentiotropic 
E)  mechanotropic 
A)  ionotropic 
B)  metabotropic 
C)  chemotropic 
D)  potentiotropic 
E)  mechanotropic

Question 16

Which of the following statements about synapses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Communication at chemical synapses is slower than at electrical synapses. 
B)  Neurotransmitters can move from one cell to another through gap junctions at an electrical synapse. 
C)  Communication across electrical synapses is bi -directional. 
D)  Electrical synapses can be gated. 
E)  Most synapses in the nervous system are chemical synapses. 
A)  Communication at chemical synapses is slower than at electrical synapses. 
B)  Neurotransmitters can move from one cell to another through gap junctions at an electrical synapse. 
C)  Communication across electrical synapses is bi -directional. 
D)  Electrical synapses can be gated. 
E)  Most synapses in the nervous system are chemical synapses.

Question 17

An axoaxonic synapse is unique in its ability to affect neurotransmitter release, but not the action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

-In Figure 8.1, the overall function of Steps 6 -8, which occur simultaneously, is to

Accepted Answer

A)  release excess neurotransmitter. 
B)  stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel. 
C)  remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. 
D)  reuptake Ca2+. 
E)  create endocytotic vesicles for storing neurotransmitter. 
A)  release excess neurotransmitter. 
B)  stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel. 
C)  remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. 
D)  reuptake Ca2+. 
E)  create endocytotic vesicles for storing neurotransmitter.

Question 19

Metabotropic receptor -induced gating of ion channels requires more time to occur because of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ion channels linked to metabotropic receptors must move to the membrane before gating. 
B)  Their gating is linked to a G protein. 
C)  The channels are slower to open. 
D)  Intracellular calcium must increase before those channels will open. 
E)  Metabolic byproducts are required to open those channels. 
A)  Ion channels linked to metabotropic receptors must move to the membrane before gating. 
B)  Their gating is linked to a G protein. 
C)  The channels are slower to open. 
D)  Intracellular calcium must increase before those channels will open. 
E)  Metabolic byproducts are required to open those channels.

Question 20

What two enzymes catalyze the breakdown of catecholamines?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholinesterase and dopa decarboxylase 
B)  dopa decarboxylase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase 
C)  monoamine oxidase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase 
D)  catechol -O -methyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase 
E)  monoamine oxidase and catechol -O -methyltransferase 
A)  acetylcholinesterase and dopa decarboxylase 
B)  dopa decarboxylase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase 
C)  monoamine oxidase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase 
D)  catechol -O -methyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase 
E)  monoamine oxidase and catechol -O -methyltransferase

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can occur as either fast or slow responses.

When voltage -dependent calcium channels open, calcium moves out of the cell.

The action of any chemical messenger ultimately depends not on the nature of the messenger, but rather on the

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine?

Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytosol and actively transported into synaptic vesicles.

Voltage -gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following?

-Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that bind with the neurotransmitter in Step 4 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a neuropeptide?

Presynaptic modulation involves a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of one neuron affecting the membrane potential of an axon terminal from another neuron on which the first has synapsed (axoaxonic synapse).

Describe the process of neural integration in neurons, with particular emphasis on summation and how action potentials are generated within neurons.

What enzyme catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine?

The most common mechanism for producing a fast EPSP involves which of the following?

Slow postsynaptic potentials can be caused by the opening or closing of ion channels, whereas fast postsynaptic potentials only involve the opening of ion channels.

Why are amino acid neurotransmitters NOT considered biogenic amines?

What type of receptor is responsible for the rapid opening of ion channels in response to the interaction between the ligand and receptor?

Which of the following statements about synapses is FALSE?

An axoaxonic synapse is unique in its ability to affect neurotransmitter release, but not the action potential.

-In Figure 8.1, the overall function of Steps 6 -8, which occur simultaneously, is to

Metabotropic receptor -induced gating of ion channels requires more time to occur because of which of the following?

What two enzymes catalyze the breakdown of catecholamines?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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