Question 1

Which adrenergic receptor(s) has the greatest affinity for norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha and beta1 
B)  alpha1 and beta 
C)  beta2 
D)  alpha2 and beta1, beta2 
E)  alpha3 
A)  alpha and beta1 
B)  alpha1 and beta 
C)  beta2 
D)  alpha2 and beta1, beta2 
E)  alpha3

Question 2

Which of the following GABA receptor types is coupled to chloride channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABAA only 
B)  GABAB only 
C)  GABAC only 
D)  both GABAA and GABAB 
E)  both GABAA and GABAC 
A)  GABAA only 
B)  GABAB only 
C)  GABAC only 
D)  both GABAA and GABAB 
E)  both GABAA and GABAC

Question 3

GABA acts as an autocrine at GABAB receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What channels are the most abundant type of voltage -gated channel within the axon terminal and are responsible for the release of neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  voltage -gated cholinergic channels 
B)  voltage -gated potassium channels 
C)  voltage -gated sodium channels 
D)  voltage -gated calcium channels 
E)  voltage -gated adrenergic channels 
A)  voltage -gated cholinergic channels 
B)  voltage -gated potassium channels 
C)  voltage -gated sodium channels 
D)  voltage -gated calcium channels 
E)  voltage -gated adrenergic channels

Question 5

The chemical synapse is bounded by the_______neuron, from which neurotransmitters are released across the synaptic cleft, to the_______neuron, where the receptors for that neurotransmitter are located.

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic : parasynaptic 
B)  postsynaptic : presynaptic 
C)  parasynaptic : postsynaptic 
D)  terminal : presynaptic 
E)  presynaptic : postsynaptic 
A)  presynaptic : parasynaptic 
B)  postsynaptic : presynaptic 
C)  parasynaptic : postsynaptic 
D)  terminal : presynaptic 
E)  presynaptic : postsynaptic

Question 6

The rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a ligand binds to an ionotropic receptor is caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the rapid G protein response that indirectly links receptor to channel 
B)  the rapid gating of the ion channel by G protein 
C)  the large ion gradient across the membrane 
D)  the presence of that protein functioning as both an ionotropic receptor and as the ion channel 
E)  the G protein amplification that causes the rapid channel response 
A)  the rapid G protein response that indirectly links receptor to channel 
B)  the rapid gating of the ion channel by G protein 
C)  the large ion gradient across the membrane 
D)  the presence of that protein functioning as both an ionotropic receptor and as the ion channel 
E)  the G protein amplification that causes the rapid channel response

Question 7

For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions. 
B)  the diffusion of neurotransmitters. 
C)  ions moving across the synaptic cleft. 
D)  active transport across the synaptic cleft. 
E)  passive transport across the synaptic cleft. 
A)  gap junctions. 
B)  the diffusion of neurotransmitters. 
C)  ions moving across the synaptic cleft. 
D)  active transport across the synaptic cleft. 
E)  passive transport across the synaptic cleft.

Question 8

Neural integration occurs at a neuron's cell body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of cAMP?

Accepted Answer

A)  monoamine oxidase 
B)  choline acetyl transferase 
C)  acetylcholinesterase 
D)  adenylate cyclase 
E)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
A)  monoamine oxidase 
B)  choline acetyl transferase 
C)  acetylcholinesterase 
D)  adenylate cyclase 
E)  catechol -O -methyltransferase

Question 10

Postsynaptic potentials, generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and how chloride channels can be inhibitory without producing an IPSP.

Accepted Answer

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP

Question 11

The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the_______of ________ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  opening : sodium 
B)  closure : potassium 
C)  opening : calcium 
D)  opening : potassium 
E)  closing : chloride 
A)  opening : sodium 
B)  closure : potassium 
C)  opening : calcium 
D)  opening : potassium 
E)  closing : chloride

Question 12

(Opening / Closing) of a potassium channel results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of (Opening / Closing) of a potassium channel...

Question 13

If the resting membrane potential is equal to chloride's equilibrium potential, in which direction will chloride ions move if chloride channels open while the cell remains at resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  inward 
B)  outward 
C)  No ions will move through the channel. 
D)  Ions will move equally in both directions. 
E)  Three chloride ions will move out for every two chloride ions that move in. 
A)  inward 
B)  outward 
C)  No ions will move through the channel. 
D)  Ions will move equally in both directions. 
E)  Three chloride ions will move out for every two chloride ions that move in.

Question 14

What chemical targets CB1 receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonic acid 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  tetrahydrocannabinol 
D)  glutamate 
E)  enkephalin 
A)  carbonic acid 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  tetrahydrocannabinol 
D)  glutamate 
E)  enkephalin

Question 15

What type of synapse occurs between an axon terminal of one neuron and the cell body of another neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  axoaxonic 
B)  somatoaxonic 
C)  axodendritic 
D)  axosomatic 
E)  dendroaxonic 
A)  axoaxonic 
B)  somatoaxonic 
C)  axodendritic 
D)  axosomatic 
E)  dendroaxonic

Question 16

Which of the following statements about inhibitory synapses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell can be hyperpolarized. 
B)  In presynaptic inhibition, the lower level potential generated interferes with the oncoming action potential. 
C)  Opening of potassium channels can generate an IPSP. 
D)  The postsynaptic cell is less likely to generate an action potential. 
E)  Opening of chloride channels can generate an IPSP. 
A)  The membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell can be hyperpolarized. 
B)  In presynaptic inhibition, the lower level potential generated interferes with the oncoming action potential. 
C)  Opening of potassium channels can generate an IPSP. 
D)  The postsynaptic cell is less likely to generate an action potential. 
E)  Opening of chloride channels can generate an IPSP.

Question 17

Epinephrine binds best to which of the following receptor types?

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha1 adrenergic receptors 
B)  alpha2 adrenergic receptors 
C)  alpha3 adrenergic receptors 
D)  beta1 adrenergic receptors 
E)  beta2 adrenergic receptors 
A)  alpha1 adrenergic receptors 
B)  alpha2 adrenergic receptors 
C)  alpha3 adrenergic receptors 
D)  beta1 adrenergic receptors 
E)  beta2 adrenergic receptors

Question 18

Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary active transport 
B)  diffusion 
C)  primary active transport 
D)  endocytosis 
E)  exocytosis 
A)  secondary active transport 
B)  diffusion 
C)  primary active transport 
D)  endocytosis 
E)  exocytosis

Question 19

How does temporal summation create an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potentials are generated on several dendrites at the same time to trigger threshold and the production of an action potential. 
B)  It is frequency modulated and of the same amplitude for intensity. 
C)  The temporal lobe in the brain stimulates EPSPs to trigger an action potential. 
D)  Two or more postsynaptic potentials are generated in rapid succession at the same synapse before they can dissipate, thereby exceeding threshold. 
E)  Generator potentials are at the same tempo on adjacent neurons. 
A)  Potentials are generated on several dendrites at the same time to trigger threshold and the production of an action potential. 
B)  It is frequency modulated and of the same amplitude for intensity. 
C)  The temporal lobe in the brain stimulates EPSPs to trigger an action potential. 
D)  Two or more postsynaptic potentials are generated in rapid succession at the same synapse before they can dissipate, thereby exceeding threshold. 
E)  Generator potentials are at the same tempo on adjacent neurons.

Question 20

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a catecholamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  substance P 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  glycine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  acetylcholine 
A)  substance P 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  glycine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  acetylcholine

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Which adrenergic receptor(s) has the greatest affinity for norepinephrine?

Which of the following GABA receptor types is coupled to chloride channels?

GABA acts as an autocrine at GABAB receptors.

What channels are the most abundant type of voltage -gated channel within the axon terminal and are responsible for the release of neurotransmitter?

The chemical synapse is bounded by the_______neuron, from which neurotransmitters are released across the synaptic cleft, to the_______neuron, where the receptors for that neurotransmitter are located.

The rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a ligand binds to an ionotropic receptor is caused by which of the following?

For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via

Neural integration occurs at a neuron's cell body.

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of cAMP?

Postsynaptic potentials, generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and how chloride channels can be inhibitory without producing an IPSP.

The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the_______of ________ channels.

(Opening / Closing) of a potassium channel results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.

If the resting membrane potential is equal to chloride's equilibrium potential, in which direction will chloride ions move if chloride channels open while the cell remains at resting membrane potential?

What chemical targets CB1 receptors?

What type of synapse occurs between an axon terminal of one neuron and the cell body of another neuron?

Which of the following statements about inhibitory synapses is FALSE?

Epinephrine binds best to which of the following receptor types?

Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism?

How does temporal summation create an action potential?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a catecholamine?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

Filters

GABA acts as an autocrine at GABA_Breceptors.

The chemical synapse is bounded by the_neuron, from which neurotransmitters are released across the synaptic cleft, to the_neuron, where the receptors for that neurotransmitter are located.

The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the_of __ channels.