Question 1

Convergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal 
B)  the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time 
C)  the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential 
D)  the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be generated 
E)  the communication of several neurons to one postsynaptic cell 
A)  the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal 
B)  the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time 
C)  the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential 
D)  the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be generated 
E)  the communication of several neurons to one postsynaptic cell

Question 2

What type of synapse occurs between an axon terminal of one neuron and the axon from another neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  somatoaxonic 
B)  axosomatic 
C)  dendroaxonic 
D)  axodendritic 
E)  axoaxonic 
A)  somatoaxonic 
B)  axosomatic 
C)  dendroaxonic 
D)  axodendritic 
E)  axoaxonic

Question 3

Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse?

Accepted Answer

A)  axodendritic 
B)  axoaxonic 
C)  axosomatic 
D)  dendrodendritic 
E)  dendrosomatic 
A)  axodendritic 
B)  axoaxonic 
C)  axosomatic 
D)  dendrodendritic 
E)  dendrosomatic

Question 4

Fast EPSPs are produced at which of the following types of receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotinic cholinergic only 
B)  alpha -adrenergic only 
C)  AMPA receptors only 
D)  both nicotinic cholinergic and AMPA receptors 
E)  both nicotinic cholinergic and alpha -adrenergic receptors 
A)  nicotinic cholinergic only 
B)  alpha -adrenergic only 
C)  AMPA receptors only 
D)  both nicotinic cholinergic and AMPA receptors 
E)  both nicotinic cholinergic and alpha -adrenergic receptors

Question 5

The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the_______ of _______ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  opening : sodium 
B)  closure : chloride 
C)  opening : chloride 
D)  opening : calcium 
E)  closure : potassium 
A)  opening : sodium 
B)  closure : chloride 
C)  opening : chloride 
D)  opening : calcium 
E)  closure : potassium

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby neurotransmitters are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

A)  active reuptake across the presynaptic membrane 
B)  degradation by enzymes 
C)  diffusion out of the cleft 
D)  transport back up the axon to be immediately repackaged 
E)  binding to the receptor 
A)  active reuptake across the presynaptic membrane 
B)  degradation by enzymes 
C)  diffusion out of the cleft 
D)  transport back up the axon to be immediately repackaged 
E)  binding to the receptor

Question 7

The duration of a slow, excitatory postsynaptic potential mediated by cAMP is driven by the extent of time that cAMP remains active before being degraded by what protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein kinase C 
B)  protein kinase A 
C)  phosphodiesterase 
D)  adenylate cyclase 
E)  G protein 
A)  protein kinase C 
B)  protein kinase A 
C)  phosphodiesterase 
D)  adenylate cyclase 
E)  G protein

Question 8

If the equilibrium potential of a cation is -40 mV, then opening of channels for this cation will result in excitation of the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle is acetylcholine which binds to nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle. Describe the process whereby acetylcholine is synthesized, released, and degraded within the synapse.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that

Question 10

The higher the frequency of action potentials generated, the (more / less) neurotransmitter released at a synapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The higher the frequency of action potentials...

Question 11

Which of the following chemicals is NOT a known neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitric oxide 
B)  ATP 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  substance P 
A)  nitric oxide 
B)  ATP 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  substance P

Question 12

The opening of a chloride channel acts to _______axon hillock. the development of an action potential at the

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate 
B)  enhance 
C)  further 
D)  facilitate 
E)  inhibit 
A)  stimulate 
B)  enhance 
C)  further 
D)  facilitate 
E)  inhibit

Question 13

Neuropeptides are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  within the vesicles 
B)  within the axon terminal 
C)  at the dendrite 
D)  along the axon 
E)  in the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  within the vesicles 
B)  within the axon terminal 
C)  at the dendrite 
D)  along the axon 
E)  in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

For ionotropic receptors, their _______response_______the likelihood that two pulses from the same neuron will summate.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow : increases 
B)  rapid : increases 
C)  rapid : decreases 
D)  rapid : does not affect 
E)  slow : decreases 
A)  slow : increases 
B)  rapid : increases 
C)  rapid : decreases 
D)  rapid : does not affect 
E)  slow : decreases

Question 15

Divergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal 
B)  the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential 
C)  the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time 
D)  the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be generated 
E)  the communication of one neuron to several postsynaptic cells 
A)  the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal 
B)  the level of depolarization required to generate an action potential 
C)  the presence of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron at the same time 
D)  the summation of graded potentials to determine whether or not an action potential will be generated 
E)  the communication of one neuron to several postsynaptic cells

Question 16

Two or more graded potentials originating from different synapses on the same neuron at approximately the same time will cause spatial summation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In the presence of active chloride ion transport within a neuron, the opening of chloride channels will result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  net movement of chloride into the cell 
B)  absence of any chloride movement 
C)  movement of chloride equally in both directions 
D)  depolarization of the cell 
E)  net movement of chloride out of the cell 
A)  net movement of chloride into the cell 
B)  absence of any chloride movement 
C)  movement of chloride equally in both directions 
D)  depolarization of the cell 
E)  net movement of chloride out of the cell

Question 18

-In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is adrenergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

Accepted Answer

A)  monoamine oxidase or catechol -O -methyltransferase 
B)  choline acetyl transferase 
C)  phosphodiesterase 
D)  dopa decarboxylase 
E)  acetylcholinesterase 
A)  monoamine oxidase or catechol -O -methyltransferase 
B)  choline acetyl transferase 
C)  phosphodiesterase 
D)  dopa decarboxylase 
E)  acetylcholinesterase

Question 19

Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release involves modifying________at the axon  terminal.

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane potential 
B)  the vesicles selected for release 
C)  calcium influx 
D)  potassium channels 
E)  sodium channels 
A)  membrane potential 
B)  the vesicles selected for release 
C)  calcium influx 
D)  potassium channels 
E)  sodium channels

Question 20

In the absence of active transport of chloride, membrane potential will determine the concentration of chloride ions across a neuron's plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Convergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

What type of synapse occurs between an axon terminal of one neuron and the axon from another neuron?

Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse?

Fast EPSPs are produced at which of the following types of receptor?

The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the_______ of _______ channels.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby neurotransmitters are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft?

The duration of a slow, excitatory postsynaptic potential mediated by cAMP is driven by the extent of time that cAMP remains active before being degraded by what protein?

If the equilibrium potential of a cation is -40 mV, then opening of channels for this cation will result in excitation of the neuron.

The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle is acetylcholine which binds to nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle. Describe the process whereby acetylcholine is synthesized, released, and degraded within the synapse.

The higher the frequency of action potentials generated, the (more / less) neurotransmitter released at a synapse.

Which of the following chemicals is NOT a known neurotransmitter?

The opening of a chloride channel acts to _______axon hillock. the development of an action potential at the

Neuropeptides are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

For ionotropic receptors, their _______response_______the likelihood that two pulses from the same neuron will summate.

Divergence in neurophysiology refers to which of the following?

Two or more graded potentials originating from different synapses on the same neuron at approximately the same time will cause spatial summation.

In the presence of active chloride ion transport within a neuron, the opening of chloride channels will result in which of the following?

-In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is adrenergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release involves modifying________at the axon terminal.

In the absence of active transport of chloride, membrane potential will determine the concentration of chloride ions across a neuron's plasma membrane.

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

Filters

The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to the_ of _ channels.

For ionotropic receptors, their _response_the likelihood that two pulses from the same neuron will summate.