Question 1

Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl CoA + choline 
B)  acetate + choline 
C)  acetate only 
D)  choline only 
E)  methylcholine + acetate 
A)  acetyl CoA + choline 
B)  acetate + choline 
C)  acetate only 
D)  choline only 
E)  methylcholine + acetate

Question 2

At metabotropic receptors, a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor stimulates a G -protein, which then activates a second messenger through one or more enzymatic actions. 
B)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are part of the same protein as the receptor. 
C)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens channels that are a separate protein from the receptor. 
D)  ion binding to a receptor opens channels in the plasma membrane. 
E)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are a separate protein from the receptor. 
A)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor stimulates a G -protein, which then activates a second messenger through one or more enzymatic actions. 
B)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are part of the same protein as the receptor. 
C)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens channels that are a separate protein from the receptor. 
D)  ion binding to a receptor opens channels in the plasma membrane. 
E)  neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens or closes channels that are a separate protein from the receptor.

Question 3

Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  axon hillock 
B)  extracellular space 
C)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  cytosol of the axon terminal 
E)  cytosol of the cell body 
A)  axon hillock 
B)  extracellular space 
C)  rough endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  cytosol of the axon terminal 
E)  cytosol of the cell body

Question 4

-Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that binds with the neurotransmitter in Step 6 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

Accepted Answer

A)  endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter 
B)  an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft 
C)  a voltage -gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+ 
D)  transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter 
E)  a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel 
A)  endocytotic vesicle storing neurotransmitter 
B)  an enzyme used to remove neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft 
C)  a voltage -gated calcium channel for reuptake of Ca2+ 
D)  transporter for the reuptake of released neurotransmitter 
E)  a receptor that can stimulate a cellular response by gating its ion channel or stimulating a G protein to gate an ion channel

Question 5

Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP

Question 6

Histamine has receptors in the hypothalamus, RAS system, stomach, blood vessels, and bronchioles. What creates histamine's differing effects seen in each of these areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are dependent on which cell secretes the histamine. 
B)  Each tissue is different, so no two can have the same effect. 
C)  There are different message transduction systems. 
D)  Histamine recombines with other endogenous substances once inside the target cell. 
E)  All of the effects are a result of membrane dehydration. 
A)  They are dependent on which cell secretes the histamine. 
B)  Each tissue is different, so no two can have the same effect. 
C)  There are different message transduction systems. 
D)  Histamine recombines with other endogenous substances once inside the target cell. 
E)  All of the effects are a result of membrane dehydration.

Question 7

Synaptic vesicles store

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium. 
B)  neurotransmitter. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  enzymes that degrade neurotransmitter. 
A)  calcium. 
B)  neurotransmitter. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  enzymes that degrade neurotransmitter.

Question 8

As the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential increases above threshold, the time between each action potential will______, thereby increasing the  ______ of the action potentials.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease : amplitude 
B)  increase : amplitude 
C)  decrease : frequency 
D)  increase : frequency 
E)  not be altered : amplitude 
A)  decrease : amplitude 
B)  increase : amplitude 
C)  decrease : frequency 
D)  increase : frequency 
E)  not be altered : amplitude

Question 9

Which of the following compounds is NOT a neuropeptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine 
B)  oxytocin 
C)  vasopressin 
D)  endorphin 
E)  substance P 
A)  epinephrine 
B)  oxytocin 
C)  vasopressin 
D)  endorphin 
E)  substance P

Question 10

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at excitatory synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine 
B)  substance P 
C)  glycine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  acetylcholine 
A)  norepinephrine 
B)  substance P 
C)  glycine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  acetylcholine

Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s)?

At metabotropic receptors, a(n)

Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

-Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that binds with the neurotransmitter in Step 6 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

Histamine has receptors in the hypothalamus, RAS system, stomach, blood vessels, and bronchioles. What creates histamine's differing effects seen in each of these areas?

Synaptic vesicles store

As the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential increases above threshold, the time between each action potential will, thereby increasing the of the action potentials.

Which of the following compounds is NOT a neuropeptide?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at excitatory synapses?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

Filters

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

Once released, acetylcholine is degraded by extracellular enzymes into what product(s)?

At metabotropic receptors, a(n)

Biogenic amines are synthesized in what region of a neuron?

-Identify the structure on the postsynaptic membrane that binds with the neurotransmitter in Step 6 of Figure 8.1, and indicate its function.

Postsynaptic potentials generated by neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane can be excitatory or inhibitory. Describe excitatory postsynaptic potentials and their temporal characteristics.

Histamine has receptors in the hypothalamus, RAS system, stomach, blood vessels, and bronchioles. What creates histamine's differing effects seen in each of these areas?

Synaptic vesicles store

As the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential increases above threshold, the time between each action potential will______, thereby increasing the ______ of the action potentials.

Which of the following compounds is NOT a neuropeptide?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at excitatory synapses?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

Filters

As the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potential increases above threshold, the time between each action potential will, thereby increasing the of the action potentials.