Question 1

Grasses and phytoplankton are __________.

Accepted Answer

producers,

Question 2

The major reservoir in the nitrogen cycle is the water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Detritus feeders consume

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivores. 
B)  fungi and bacteria. 
C)  secondary consumers and primary debris. 
D)  dead organic matter. 
E)  plants and plant debris. 
A)  herbivores. 
B)  fungi and bacteria. 
C)  secondary consumers and primary debris. 
D)  dead organic matter. 
E)  plants and plant debris.

Question 4

The primary consumers in marine food chains are phytoplankton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The primary source of Earthʹs energy is the sun.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The greenhouse effect is the ability of

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to retain heat in the upper atmosphere. 
B)  sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to retain heat in the lower atmosphere. 
C)  certain gases to absorb solar heat and reflect the heat to Earth as short-wave radiation. 
D)  structures created by humans to retain solar energy as short-wave radiation. 
E)  certain gases to retain heat in the atmosphere instead of allowing it to be reflected back into space. 
A)  sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to retain heat in the upper atmosphere. 
B)  sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides to retain heat in the lower atmosphere. 
C)  certain gases to absorb solar heat and reflect the heat to Earth as short-wave radiation. 
D)  structures created by humans to retain solar energy as short-wave radiation. 
E)  certain gases to retain heat in the atmosphere instead of allowing it to be reflected back into space.

Question 7

List and discuss three effects of acid rain or acid deposition on forests.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers: Acid rain (1) leaches

Question 8

Farmers often include legumes as part of their normal crop rotation. This practice increases the overall production of their crops by

Accepted Answer

A)  making the soil less acidic. 
B)  adding nitrogen to the soil. 
C)  adding phosphorus to the soil. 
D)  suppressing the growth of weeds. 
E)  helping the soil retain water. 
A)  making the soil less acidic. 
B)  adding nitrogen to the soil. 
C)  adding phosphorus to the soil. 
D)  suppressing the growth of weeds. 
E)  helping the soil retain water.

Question 9

Forests along rivers in the Pacific Northwest that have lost their salmon populations are less productive because the

Accepted Answer

A)  fishers who overharvested the salmon compacted the soil in the process. 
B)  nitrogen the fish brought from the ocean and contained in their tissues has been lost. 
C)  pollution that killed the fish has also directly affected the trees. 
D)  global warming that wiped out the fish has also harmed the trees. 
E)  dams that prevented the fish from migrating also flooded the forests. 
A)  fishers who overharvested the salmon compacted the soil in the process. 
B)  nitrogen the fish brought from the ocean and contained in their tissues has been lost. 
C)  pollution that killed the fish has also directly affected the trees. 
D)  global warming that wiped out the fish has also harmed the trees. 
E)  dams that prevented the fish from migrating also flooded the forests.

Question 10

What would happen if there were no denitrifying bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The atmosphere would

Question 11

Explain why decomposers and detritus feeders are so important to ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

They recycle nutrients to simp

Question 12

Macronutrients are elements or small molecules that are needed in only trace amounts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Micronutrients

Accepted Answer

A)  include water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. 
B)  benefit organisms if they are present but are not essential. 
C)  are needed in smaller quantities than are macronutrients. 
D)  are not naturally occurring and must be synthesized by scientists. 
E)  are smaller molecules than are macronutrients. 
A)  include water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. 
B)  benefit organisms if they are present but are not essential. 
C)  are needed in smaller quantities than are macronutrients. 
D)  are not naturally occurring and must be synthesized by scientists. 
E)  are smaller molecules than are macronutrients.

Question 14

What would happen to an ecosystem if all the plants died?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen levels would

Question 15

If you were a researcher trying to design a pesticide that would not accumulate by biological magnification, what two properties should the pesticide have?

Accepted Answer

It should break down

Question 16

Phosphate fertilizers have increased the amount of phosphate in lakes and other bodies of water. What effect does this increase have on the phytoplankton in the water?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes them to form toxic compounds. 
B)  It increases their likelihood of being eaten. 
C)  It stimulates their growth. 
D)  It kills them. 
E)  It reduces their photosynthetic capacity. 
A)  It causes them to form toxic compounds. 
B)  It increases their likelihood of being eaten. 
C)  It stimulates their growth. 
D)  It kills them. 
E)  It reduces their photosynthetic capacity.

Question 17

Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cause Earthʹs temperature to increase by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing plant respiration. 
B)  increasing the amount of radiation from Earthʹs surface. 
C)  allowing greater transmission of incoming solar radiation. 
D)  reducing photosynthetic rates. 
E)  absorbing heat energy and holding it close to Earth. 
A)  increasing plant respiration. 
B)  increasing the amount of radiation from Earthʹs surface. 
C)  allowing greater transmission of incoming solar radiation. 
D)  reducing photosynthetic rates. 
E)  absorbing heat energy and holding it close to Earth.

Question 18

A rancher begins raising sheep on the land next to the habitat shown. After losing several lambs, he removes all the wolves. By the next year, he can expect to find a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased antelope population. 
B)  decreased owl population. 
C)  decreased pheasant population. 
D)  increased hare population. 
A)  decreased antelope population. 
B)  decreased owl population. 
C)  decreased pheasant population. 
D)  increased hare population.

Question 19

Your __________is a measure of your impact on the environment based on the amount of greenhouse gases you emit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your __________is a measure of your impact...

Question 20

Which level of the energy pyramid has the greatest biomass?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary consumers 
B)  Primary consumers 
C)  Heterotrophs 
D)  Carnivores 
E)  Producers 
A)  Secondary consumers 
B)  Primary consumers 
C)  Heterotrophs 
D)  Carnivores 
E)  Producers

Exam 29: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Grasses and phytoplankton are __________.

The major reservoir in the nitrogen cycle is the water.

Detritus feeders consume

The primary consumers in marine food chains are phytoplankton.

The primary source of Earthʹs energy is the sun.

The greenhouse effect is the ability of

List and discuss three effects of acid rain or acid deposition on forests.

Farmers often include legumes as part of their normal crop rotation. This practice increases the overall production of their crops by

Forests along rivers in the Pacific Northwest that have lost their salmon populations are less productive because the

What would happen if there were no denitrifying bacteria?

Explain why decomposers and detritus feeders are so important to ecosystems.

Macronutrients are elements or small molecules that are needed in only trace amounts.

Micronutrients

What would happen to an ecosystem if all the plants died?

If you were a researcher trying to design a pesticide that would not accumulate by biological magnification, what two properties should the pesticide have?

Phosphate fertilizers have increased the amount of phosphate in lakes and other bodies of water. What effect does this increase have on the phytoplankton in the water?

Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cause Earthʹs temperature to increase by

A rancher begins raising sheep on the land next to the habitat shown. After losing several lambs, he removes all the wolves. By the next year, he can expect to find a(n)

Your __________is a measure of your impact on the environment based on the amount of greenhouse gases you emit.

Which level of the energy pyramid has the greatest biomass?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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