Question 1

Fossil fuels are the major reservoir in the phosphorus cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Certain bacteria and fungi that are important in nutrient recycling because they release nutrients from dead organisms back into the ecosystem are

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores. 
B)  recyclers. 
C)  detritus feeders. 
D)  autotrophs. 
E)  decomposers. 
A)  carnivores. 
B)  recyclers. 
C)  detritus feeders. 
D)  autotrophs. 
E)  decomposers.

Question 3

The amount of life that an ecosystem can support is determined primarily by the

Accepted Answer

A)  efficiency of the consumers. 
B)  number of producers and their efficiency. 
C)  efficiency of the heterotrophs. 
D)  number of heterotrophs. 
E)  number of chemoautotrophs. 
A)  efficiency of the consumers. 
B)  number of producers and their efficiency. 
C)  efficiency of the heterotrophs. 
D)  number of heterotrophs. 
E)  number of chemoautotrophs.

Question 4

Explain why a food web gives a better picture of a community than does a food chain.

Accepted Answer

A food web portrays the intera

Question 5

If a bird eats an insect that ate a plant, the bird is considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  producer. 
B)  tertiary consumer. 
C)  autotroph. 
D)  primary consumer. 
E)  secondary consumer. 
A)  producer. 
B)  tertiary consumer. 
C)  autotroph. 
D)  primary consumer. 
E)  secondary consumer.

Question 6

The greenhouse effect, which has become a major ecological concern, is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of heat energy from burning fossil fuels. 
B)  overuse of fertilizers in farming. 
C)  global warming. 
D)  the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere. 
E)  the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4, and N2O). 
A)  the release of heat energy from burning fossil fuels. 
B)  overuse of fertilizers in farming. 
C)  global warming. 
D)  the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere. 
E)  the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4, and N2O).

Question 7

Nitrogen is fixed by soil bacteria and is then incorporated into plant biomass and eventually into the food chain. What process(es) complete the global nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers turn the nitrogen in dead pl

Question 8

Net primary production is

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophic production per unit of land per unit of time. 
B)  energy that photosynthetic organisms make available to other organisms over a given period of time. 
C)  heterotrophic production minus autotrophic production per unit of land per unit of time. 
D)  energy made by autotrophs minus energy consumed by heterotrophs, and measured as biomass. 
E)  energy stored by secondary consumers from primary biomass. 
A)  heterotrophic production per unit of land per unit of time. 
B)  energy that photosynthetic organisms make available to other organisms over a given period of time. 
C)  heterotrophic production minus autotrophic production per unit of land per unit of time. 
D)  energy made by autotrophs minus energy consumed by heterotrophs, and measured as biomass. 
E)  energy stored by secondary consumers from primary biomass.

Question 9

A deer that gets its energy from eating plants is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  producer. 
B)  tertiary consumer. 
C)  herbivore. 
D)  carnivore. 
E)  omnivore. 
A)  producer. 
B)  tertiary consumer. 
C)  herbivore. 
D)  carnivore. 
E)  omnivore.

Question 10

Suppose a gardener puts a chemical on the soil that kills off all the detritus feeders and decomposers. What would happen to the garden?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients could not be recycle

Question 11

Acid deposition is the result of interference with the __________cycles.

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur and nitrogen 
B)  sulfur and hydrologic 
C)  hydrologic and phosphorus 
D)  hydrologic and nitrogen 
E)  sulfur and phosphorus 
A)  sulfur and nitrogen 
B)  sulfur and hydrologic 
C)  hydrologic and phosphorus 
D)  hydrologic and nitrogen 
E)  sulfur and phosphorus

Question 12

Why might eating high on the food chain subject humans to higher concentrations of certain toxic substances than eating low on the food chain?

Accepted Answer

Biological magnification means

Question 13

The three major reservoirs of carbon are

Accepted Answer

A)  acid precipitation, carbon-fixing bacteria, and oceans. 
B)  soil, water, and the atmosphere. 
C)  rocks, the atmosphere, and guano. 
D)  oceans, the atmosphere, and fossil fuels. 
E)  fossil fuels, legumes, and micronutrients. 
A)  acid precipitation, carbon-fixing bacteria, and oceans. 
B)  soil, water, and the atmosphere. 
C)  rocks, the atmosphere, and guano. 
D)  oceans, the atmosphere, and fossil fuels. 
E)  fossil fuels, legumes, and micronutrients.

Question 14

When a rabbit eats the lettuce in your garden, the rabbit uses all of the energy in the lettuce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following components is NOT involved in the phosphorus cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The atmosphere 
B)  Producers 
C)  Consumers 
D)  Decomposers 
E)  Some rocks and soil 
A)  The atmosphere 
B)  Producers 
C)  Consumers 
D)  Decomposers 
E)  Some rocks and soil

Question 16

How much of the energy that reaches Earthʹs outer atmosphere from the sun is available for photosynthesis in plants at Earthʹs surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  95% 
B)  1% 
C)  55% 
D)  71% 
E)  44% 
A)  95% 
B)  1% 
C)  55% 
D)  71% 
E)  44%

Question 17

When you observe a lake that has been affected by acid deposition, you might expect to find

Accepted Answer

A)  a murky lake with excess algal growth from the deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen. 
B)  high levels of dissolved sulfur dioxide. 
C)  low levels of toxic metals and nutrients essential for the growth of biotic organisms. 
D)  a clear lake with high levels of aluminum, mercury, and lead, but few fish. 
E)  excess carbon that will contribute to global warming. 
A)  a murky lake with excess algal growth from the deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen. 
B)  high levels of dissolved sulfur dioxide. 
C)  low levels of toxic metals and nutrients essential for the growth of biotic organisms. 
D)  a clear lake with high levels of aluminum, mercury, and lead, but few fish. 
E)  excess carbon that will contribute to global warming.

Question 18

What is biological magnification?

Accepted Answer

A)  The accumulation of toxic substances in a living organism 
B)  An increase in the size of a population 
C)  The breakdown of macromolecules into harmless substances 
D)  The abnormal growth of organisms 
E)  The process of making small living organisms larger 
A)  The accumulation of toxic substances in a living organism 
B)  An increase in the size of a population 
C)  The breakdown of macromolecules into harmless substances 
D)  The abnormal growth of organisms 
E)  The process of making small living organisms larger

Question 19

If a field contains approximately 1,000 kilocalories of energy in grass, which is eaten by crickets, which are eaten by birds, then approximately how many kilocalories of energy could be in the birds that live in this field?

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 
B)  10 
C)  100 
D)  900 
E)  90 
A)  1,000 
B)  10 
C)  100 
D)  900 
E)  90

Question 20

What are some possible consequences of global warming?

Accepted Answer

The models that predict the effects of g

Exam 29: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Fossil fuels are the major reservoir in the phosphorus cycle.

Certain bacteria and fungi that are important in nutrient recycling because they release nutrients from dead organisms back into the ecosystem are

The amount of life that an ecosystem can support is determined primarily by the

Explain why a food web gives a better picture of a community than does a food chain.

If a bird eats an insect that ate a plant, the bird is considered a(n)

The greenhouse effect, which has become a major ecological concern, is caused by

Nitrogen is fixed by soil bacteria and is then incorporated into plant biomass and eventually into the food chain. What process(es) complete the global nitrogen cycle?

Net primary production is

A deer that gets its energy from eating plants is a(n)

Suppose a gardener puts a chemical on the soil that kills off all the detritus feeders and decomposers. What would happen to the garden?

Acid deposition is the result of interference with the __________cycles.

Why might eating high on the food chain subject humans to higher concentrations of certain toxic substances than eating low on the food chain?

The three major reservoirs of carbon are

When a rabbit eats the lettuce in your garden, the rabbit uses all of the energy in the lettuce.

Which of the following components is NOT involved in the phosphorus cycle?

How much of the energy that reaches Earthʹs outer atmosphere from the sun is available for photosynthesis in plants at Earthʹs surface?

When you observe a lake that has been affected by acid deposition, you might expect to find

What is biological magnification?

If a field contains approximately 1,000 kilocalories of energy in grass, which is eaten by crickets, which are eaten by birds, then approximately how many kilocalories of energy could be in the birds that live in this field?

What are some possible consequences of global warming?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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