Question 1

The use of antibiotics caused the mutation that produced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Imagine that a mutation for red eye color becomes very common in a population of flies because female flies in this population prefer to mate with red -eyed males. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection. 
B)  stabilizing selection. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  sexual selection. 
E)  genetic drift. 
A)  directional selection. 
B)  stabilizing selection. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  sexual selection. 
E)  genetic drift.

Question 3

A population carries two alleles for a trait in which T is dominant and t is recessive. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, q2 represents the

Accepted Answer

A)  proportion of homozygous dominant individuals. 
B)  decrease in heterozygous individuals. 
C)  proportion of homozygous recessive individuals. 
D)  increase in homozygous individuals. 
E)  proportion of heterozygous individuals. 
A)  proportion of homozygous dominant individuals. 
B)  decrease in heterozygous individuals. 
C)  proportion of homozygous recessive individuals. 
D)  increase in homozygous individuals. 
E)  proportion of heterozygous individuals.

Question 4

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if 75% of the alleles in the gene pool are A1 and 25% are A2, what is the proportion of individuals with genotype A1A2 in this population?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.375 
B)  0.5625 
C)  0.0625 
D)  0.025 
E)  0.1875 
A)  0.375 
B)  0.5625 
C)  0.0625 
D)  0.025 
E)  0.1875

Question 5

Evolution by genetic drift is most obvious in

Accepted Answer

A)  small populations. 
B)  invertebrate species. 
C)  large populations. 
D)  aquatic organisms. 
E)  migratory species. 
A)  small populations. 
B)  invertebrate species. 
C)  large populations. 
D)  aquatic organisms. 
E)  migratory species.

Question 6

The interaction of genes and environment produces a specific

Accepted Answer

A)  gene pool. 
B)  population. 
C)  allele. 
D)  phenotype. 
E)  genotype. 
A)  gene pool. 
B)  population. 
C)  allele. 
D)  phenotype. 
E)  genotype.

Question 7

The allele frequency of a population is the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of all alleles in that population. 
B)  sum of all genes in that population. 
C)  relative proportion of a given allele in that population. 
D)  number of different types of alleles in that population. 
A)  number of all alleles in that population. 
B)  sum of all genes in that population. 
C)  relative proportion of a given allele in that population. 
D)  number of different types of alleles in that population.

Question 8

The elaborate courtship displays common among animals are the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  random mating. 
B)  sexual selection. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  spontaneous mutations. 
E)  stabilizing selection. 
A)  random mating. 
B)  sexual selection. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  spontaneous mutations. 
E)  stabilizing selection.

Question 9

Natural selection selects for or against certain

Accepted Answer

A)  populations. 
B)  gene pools. 
C)  alleles. 
D)  phenotypes. 
E)  genotypes. 
A)  populations. 
B)  gene pools. 
C)  alleles. 
D)  phenotypes. 
E)  genotypes.

Question 10

When a species lives in a constant environment for a long time, the ʺaverage typeʺ of individual may have the best chance of surviving and producing the most offspring. What type of selection is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual 
B)  Stabilizing 
C)  Artificial 
D)  Disruptive 
E)  Directional 
A)  Sexual 
B)  Stabilizing 
C)  Artificial 
D)  Disruptive 
E)  Directional

Question 11

Shrews have been documented to travel across frozen lakes and establish populations on previously uninhabited islands. The low level of genetic diversity in the new populations is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  a population bottleneck. 
B)  assortative mating. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  coevolution. 
E)  the founder effect. 
A)  a population bottleneck. 
B)  assortative mating. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  coevolution. 
E)  the founder effect.

Question 12

Despite causing a life-threatening disease, the sickle-cell allele in some areas of Africa has remained in high frequency in those populations because it protects against malaria. In the United States, malaria was eradicated shortly before World War II by eliminating the mosquito that spreads the disease. What is likely to happen to the frequency of the sickle-cell allele in African Americans living in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  The frequency of the sickle-cell allele will decrease. 
B)  The frequency of the sickle-cell allele will not change. 
C)  The sickle-cell allele will disappear from the African American population. 
D)  The frequency of the sickle-cell allele will increase. 
E)  The normal allele will disappear from the African American population. 
A)  The frequency of the sickle-cell allele will decrease. 
B)  The frequency of the sickle-cell allele will not change. 
C)  The sickle-cell allele will disappear from the African American population. 
D)  The frequency of the sickle-cell allele will increase. 
E)  The normal allele will disappear from the African American population.

Question 13

Individuals who have one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a trait are referred to as __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who have one dominant allele and...

Question 14

Evolution by natural selection is

Accepted Answer

A)  constantly occurring at the same rate in all organisms. 
B)  a rare event that has never been observed by scientists. 
C)  a process that has occurred only in the past. 
D)  currently occurring but only in scientific laboratories. 
E)  a process that occurs as a result of differences in fitness. 
A)  constantly occurring at the same rate in all organisms. 
B)  a rare event that has never been observed by scientists. 
C)  a process that has occurred only in the past. 
D)  currently occurring but only in scientific laboratories. 
E)  a process that occurs as a result of differences in fitness.

Question 15

The Pennsylvania Amish have a very high frequency of an unusual allele that results in short arms and legs and extra fingers. This high frequency is thought to be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the founder effect. 
B)  the addition of new members to an already established population. 
C)  nonrandom mutations. 
D)  coevolution. 
E)  a population bottleneck. 
A)  the founder effect. 
B)  the addition of new members to an already established population. 
C)  nonrandom mutations. 
D)  coevolution. 
E)  a population bottleneck.

Question 16

Natural selection causes genetic changes in an individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Suppose a population of mostly sand-colored crabs migrates from a sand beach to a pebble beach and evolves a darker, speckled coloration that closely resembles the pebble beach. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection. 
B)  stabilizing selection. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  sexual selection. 
E)  genetic drift. 
A)  directional selection. 
B)  stabilizing selection. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  sexual selection. 
E)  genetic drift.

Question 18

Natural selection causes genetic changes in populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following can be measured to estimate an organismʹs evolutionary fitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of eggs it produces over its lifetime 
B)  The number of gametes it produces over its lifetime 
C)  The number of offspring it produces over its lifetime 
D)  The number of offspring it produces over its lifetime that survive to breed 
E)  The size of its offspring 
A)  The number of eggs it produces over its lifetime 
B)  The number of gametes it produces over its lifetime 
C)  The number of offspring it produces over its lifetime 
D)  The number of offspring it produces over its lifetime that survive to breed 
E)  The size of its offspring

Question 20

In a very small population of birds, assume 5 out of 20 alleles are the type that codes for blue feathers. What is the allele frequency of the ʺblue feather alleleʺ in this population?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.25 
B)  0.50 
C)  0.20 
D)  0.40 
E)  5 
A)  0.25 
B)  0.50 
C)  0.20 
D)  0.40 
E)  5

Exam 16: How Populations Evolve

The use of antibiotics caused the mutation that produced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Imagine that a mutation for red eye color becomes very common in a population of flies because female flies in this population prefer to mate with red -eyed males. This is an example of

A population carries two alleles for a trait in which T is dominant and t is recessive. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, q2 represents the

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if 75% of the alleles in the gene pool are A1 and 25% are A2, what is the proportion of individuals with genotype A1A2 in this population?

Evolution by genetic drift is most obvious in

The interaction of genes and environment produces a specific

The allele frequency of a population is the

The elaborate courtship displays common among animals are the result of

Natural selection selects for or against certain

When a species lives in a constant environment for a long time, the ʺaverage typeʺ of individual may have the best chance of surviving and producing the most offspring. What type of selection is occurring?

Shrews have been documented to travel across frozen lakes and establish populations on previously uninhabited islands. The low level of genetic diversity in the new populations is the result of

Individuals who have one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a trait are referred to as __________ .

Evolution by natural selection is

The Pennsylvania Amish have a very high frequency of an unusual allele that results in short arms and legs and extra fingers. This high frequency is thought to be the result of

Natural selection causes genetic changes in an individual.

Suppose a population of mostly sand-colored crabs migrates from a sand beach to a pebble beach and evolves a darker, speckled coloration that closely resembles the pebble beach. This is an example of

Natural selection causes genetic changes in populations.

Which of the following can be measured to estimate an organismʹs evolutionary fitness?

In a very small population of birds, assume 5 out of 20 alleles are the type that codes for blue feathers. What is the allele frequency of the ʺblue feather alleleʺ in this population?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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