Exam 16: How Populations Evolve

A population is defined as

Which of the following is most likely to experience genetic drift?

Evolution can be defined as change in__________ in a population.

In general, each species of fruit fly in the Hawaiian archipelago is restricted to a single island. One hypothesis to explain this pattern is that new species formed after a small number of flies colonized each new island. This mechanism of speciation is called

Explain how a recessive trait can be the most frequent phenotype in a population.

-In hamsters, the dominant allele B codes for a black coat and the recessive allele b codes for a tan coat. In the population shown in the figure above, what is the most frequent phenotype?

Environmental change causes the heritable variations in individuals that natural selection acts upon.

The type of selection most likely to act on a well-adapted population in a relatively constant environment is

Within a large population, if no mutations occur, no migration occurs, all matings are random, and each individual has an equal chance of reproducing, which of the following will probably happen?

The change in one population driven by a change in an associated population is called

According to the mathematical equation used in the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if the alleles for a certain trait in a population are A1 and A2, then the proportion of individuals with the genotype__________ is represented by 2 pq.

Which of the following is an example of assortative mating?

In central Africa, the frequency of the sickle-cell allele has remained stable over the years because the allele protects against malaria. In the United States, malaria was eradicated by eliminating the mosquito that spreads the disease. The decreasing frequency of the sickle-cell allele in African Americans since malaria was eliminated in the United States is an example of

Populations of organisms are constantly evolving, which means that they are always

A population carries two alleles for a trait in which T is dominant and t is recessive. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p2 represents the

Natural selection acts on individual phenotypes to affect the evolution of__________.

Explain why new mutations appear frequently in bacterial populations but infrequently in human populations.

Which of the following mutations would increase evolutionary fitness?

In an equilibrium population

Habitat loss, natural catastrophes, and/or excessive harvesting of a species often result in