Question 1

The process of converting the ʺmessageʺ of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids is called

Accepted Answer

A)  translation. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  replication. 
D)  repression. 
E)  activation. 
A)  translation. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  replication. 
D)  repression. 
E)  activation.

Question 2

A gene can be mutated with no resulting functional change in the protein that is produced from that gene if

Accepted Answer

A)  an entire codon has been removed. 
B)  RNA polymerase can edit the mutation from the mRNA produced during translation. 
C)  a codon has changed, but it codes for the same amino acid as the original codon. 
D)  the mutation alters the active site of an enzyme. 
A)  an entire codon has been removed. 
B)  RNA polymerase can edit the mutation from the mRNA produced during translation. 
C)  a codon has changed, but it codes for the same amino acid as the original codon. 
D)  the mutation alters the active site of an enzyme.

Question 3

A gene mutation is defined as change in the

Accepted Answer

A)  structure of ribosomes. 
B)  nucleotide sequence of DNA. 
C)  activation of a gene. 
D)  nucleotide sequence of RNA. 
A)  structure of ribosomes. 
B)  nucleotide sequence of DNA. 
C)  activation of a gene. 
D)  nucleotide sequence of RNA.

Question 4

What is the site of protein synthesis in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Nucleus 
C)  Ribosome 
D)  Nucleolus 
E)  Eukaryotic chromosome 
A)  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Nucleus 
C)  Ribosome 
D)  Nucleolus 
E)  Eukaryotic chromosome

Question 5

Which of the following contains codons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Messenger RNA 
B)  Transfer RNA 
C)  DNA 
D)  Ribosomal RNA 
E)  RNA polymerase 
A)  Messenger RNA 
B)  Transfer RNA 
C)  DNA 
D)  Ribosomal RNA 
E)  RNA polymerase

Question 6

How can RNA be distinguished from DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA does not contain a sugar. 
B)  RNA is single-stranded. 
C)  RNA is never found in the nucleus. 
D)  RNA lacks the base uracil. 
A)  RNA does not contain a sugar. 
B)  RNA is single-stranded. 
C)  RNA is never found in the nucleus. 
D)  RNA lacks the base uracil.

Question 7

Imagine that the short DNA base sequence GGCTGC is transcribed and then translated by a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available in the cytoplasm:   What resulting dipeptide will form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycine-cysteine 
B)  Proline-threonine 
C)  Cysteine-alanine 
D)  Threonine-glycine 
E)  Alanine-alanine 
A)  Glycine-cysteine 
B)  Proline-threonine 
C)  Cysteine-alanine 
D)  Threonine-glycine 
E)  Alanine-alanine

Question 8

How can a single gene code for more than one protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different types of ribosomes translate the resulting mRNA, producing different proteins. 
B)  The exons within an mRNA can be spliced together in different ways. 
C)  Different RNA polymerases transcribe it and produce different proteins. 
D)  Different amino acid chains can be coded by the same mRNA. 
A)  Different types of ribosomes translate the resulting mRNA, producing different proteins. 
B)  The exons within an mRNA can be spliced together in different ways. 
C)  Different RNA polymerases transcribe it and produce different proteins. 
D)  Different amino acid chains can be coded by the same mRNA.

Question 9

Suppose one strand of a ʺmini-geneʺ has the base sequence TACCCGGATTCA. The last codon in the mRNA sequence will be

Accepted Answer

A)  AGU. 
B)  TCA. 
C)  AGT. 
D)  UGA. 
A)  AGU. 
B)  TCA. 
C)  AGT. 
D)  UGA.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules function to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  Protein molecules 
C)  DNA 
D)  Lipid molecules 
E)  tRNA 
A)  mRNA 
B)  Protein molecules 
C)  DNA 
D)  Lipid molecules 
E)  tRNA

Question 11

The nitrogenous base uracil pairs with

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosine. 
B)  thymine. 
C)  adenine. 
D)  uracil. 
E)  guanine. 
A)  cytosine. 
B)  thymine. 
C)  adenine. 
D)  uracil. 
E)  guanine.

Question 12

What kind of mutation occurs when one base is changed to another at a single location in the DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deletion 
B)  Substitution 
C)  Neutral 
D)  Insertion 
A)  Deletion 
B)  Substitution 
C)  Neutral 
D)  Insertion

Question 13

Which of the following has anticodons?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  Messenger RNA 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  Transfer RNA 
E)  Ribosomal RNA 
A)  DNA 
B)  Messenger RNA 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  Transfer RNA 
E)  Ribosomal RNA

Question 14

A mutation that results in a change in the codon-reading pattern could result from

Accepted Answer

A)  a base substitution only. 
B)  either an insertion or a deletion of a base. 
C)  a base insertion only. 
D)  a base deletion only. 
A)  a base substitution only. 
B)  either an insertion or a deletion of a base. 
C)  a base insertion only. 
D)  a base deletion only.

Question 15

The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA could determine all of the following EXCEPT the sequence of

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen-containing bases in mRNA. 
B)  nitrogen-containing bases in the other DNA strand. 
C)  ribose and phosphate molecules in tRNA. 
D)  amino acids in a protein molecule. 
A)  nitrogen-containing bases in mRNA. 
B)  nitrogen-containing bases in the other DNA strand. 
C)  ribose and phosphate molecules in tRNA. 
D)  amino acids in a protein molecule.

Question 16

The type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear RNA. 
B)  messenger RNA. 
C)  transfer RNA. 
D)  ribosomal RNA. 
A)  nuclear RNA. 
B)  messenger RNA. 
C)  transfer RNA. 
D)  ribosomal RNA.

Question 17

In the intestinal bacteria Escherichia coli, the DNA segment that contains the coding for the enzymes of lactose metabolism is called the lactose _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the intestinal bacteria Escherichia coli, the...

Question 18

Determine the sequence of bases in mRNA if the original DNA base sequence is TAGGCTAA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine the sequence of bases in mRNA...

Question 19

Which of the following contains four types of nucleotides but no uracil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribosomal RNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  Messenger RNA 
D)  Transfer RNA 
E)  RNA polymerase 
A)  Ribosomal RNA 
B)  DNA 
C)  Messenger RNA 
D)  Transfer RNA 
E)  RNA polymerase

Question 20

Suppose the template DNA strand of a ʺmini-geneʺ has the base sequence TACCCGGATTCA. The anticodon of the tRNA that carries the first amino acid to the ribosome will be

Accepted Answer

A)  AGU. 
B)  UAG. 
C)  UCA. 
D)  AUG. 
E)  UAC. 
A)  AGU. 
B)  UAG. 
C)  UCA. 
D)  AUG. 
E)  UAC.

Exam 13: Gene Expression and Regulation

The process of converting the ʺmessageʺ of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids is called

A gene can be mutated with no resulting functional change in the protein that is produced from that gene if

A gene mutation is defined as change in the

What is the site of protein synthesis in the cell?

Which of the following contains codons?

How can RNA be distinguished from DNA?

Imagine that the short DNA base sequence GGCTGC is transcribed and then translated by a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available in the cytoplasm: What resulting dipeptide will form?

How can a single gene code for more than one protein?

Suppose one strand of a ʺmini-geneʺ has the base sequence TACCCGGATTCA. The last codon in the mRNA sequence will be

Which of the following molecules function to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next?

The nitrogenous base uracil pairs with

What kind of mutation occurs when one base is changed to another at a single location in the DNA?

Which of the following has anticodons?

A mutation that results in a change in the codon-reading pattern could result from

The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA could determine all of the following EXCEPT the sequence of

The type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is

In the intestinal bacteria Escherichia coli, the DNA segment that contains the coding for the enzymes of lactose metabolism is called the lactose _________.

Determine the sequence of bases in mRNA if the original DNA base sequence is TAGGCTAA.

Which of the following contains four types of nucleotides but no uracil?

Suppose the template DNA strand of a ʺmini-geneʺ has the base sequence TACCCGGATTCA. The anticodon of the tRNA that carries the first amino acid to the ribosome will be

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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