Question 1

There is some indication that the code is in some way ordered; a certain pattern exists. Describe an observation that supports this view.

Accepted Answer

Certain amino acids may be grouped accor

Question 2

Referring to the genetic code, what is meant by "wobble"?

Accepted Answer

relaxed pairing spec

Question 3

The genetic code is said to be triplet, meaning that there _.

Accepted Answer

A)  are three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid 
B)  are three amino acids per base in mRNA 
C)  are three "nonsense" triplets 
D)  may be three ways in which an amino acid may terminate a chain 
E)  None of the answers listed is correct. 
A)  are three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid 
B)  are three amino acids per base in mRNA 
C)  are three "nonsense" triplets 
D)  may be three ways in which an amino acid may terminate a chain 
E)  None of the answers listed is correct.

Question 4

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding ________ are usually conserved, but the sequences of ________ are much less well conserved.

Accepted Answer

A)  exons; introns 
B)  introns; proteins 
C)  introns; exons 
D)  chaperons; exons 
E)  introns; chaperons 
A)  exons; introns 
B)  introns; proteins 
C)  introns; exons 
D)  chaperons; exons 
E)  introns; chaperons

Question 5

From the late 1950s to the mid -1960s, numerous experiments using in vitro cell -free systems provided information on the nature of the genetic code. Briefly outline
significant experiments in the determination of the genetic code.

Accepted Answer

Use of polynucleotide phosphorylase for

Question 6

In which cellular organelle do the three posttranscriptional modifications often seen in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm 
B)  Golgi 
C)  lysosome 
D)  nucleus 
E)  mitochondrion 
A)  cytoplasm 
B)  Golgi 
C)  lysosome 
D)  nucleus 
E)  mitochondrion

Question 7

What is the initiator triplet in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Which amino acid does this triplet recruit?

Accepted Answer

A)  AUG; methionine 
B)  UAA; methionine 
C)  AUG; arginine 
D)  UAA or UGA; arginine 
E)  UAA; no amino acid called in 
A)  AUG; methionine 
B)  UAA; methionine 
C)  AUG; arginine 
D)  UAA or UGA; arginine 
E)  UAA; no amino acid called in

Question 8

Of the following three types of nucleic acids-DNA, mRNA, tRNA-which is most likely to contain modified bases?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the following three types of nucleic...

Question 9

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms. The term often used to describe such consistency in the code is _.

Accepted Answer

A)  universal 
B)  trans -specific 
C)  overlapping 
D)  exceptional 
E)  None of the answers listed is correct. 
A)  universal 
B)  trans -specific 
C)  overlapping 
D)  exceptional 
E)  None of the answers listed is correct.

Question 10

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes, three polymeras

Question 11

A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the
________ position of the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A base at the first position of...

Question 12

What was the name of the molecule that Jacob and Monod (1961) postulated carried genetic information from DNA to the site of protein manufacture?

Accepted Answer

messenger

Question 13

In 1964, Nirenberg and Leder used the triplet binding assay to determine specific codon assignments. A complex of which of the following components was trapped in the nitrocellulose filter?

Accepted Answer

A)  uncharged tRNAs and ribosomes 
B)  sense and antisense strands of DNA 
C)  free tRNAs 
D)  charged tRNA, RNA triplet, and ribosome 
E)  ribosomes and DNA 
A)  uncharged tRNAs and ribosomes 
B)  sense and antisense strands of DNA 
C)  free tRNAs 
D)  charged tRNA, RNA triplet, and ribosome 
E)  ribosomes and DNA

Question 14

Regarding the efficient initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which specific "upstream" signals appear to be involved?

Accepted Answer

TATA and C

Question 15

The enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase is capable of generating a random assembly of ribonucleotides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is the name given to the three bases in a messenger RNA that bind to the anticodon of tRNA to specify an amino acid placement in a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  anti -anticodon 
B)  rho 
C)  cistron 
D)  protein 
E)  codon 
A)  anti -anticodon 
B)  rho 
C)  cistron 
D)  protein 
E)  codon

Question 17

What is meant by punctuation in terms of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Certain triplets (AUG) commonl

Question 18

The relationship between a gene and a messenger RNA is that _.

Accepted Answer

A)  genes are made from mRNAs 
B)  genes are structurally identical to mRNAs 
C)  mRNAs make proteins, which then code for genes 
D)  mRNA is directly responsible for making Okazaki fragments 
E)  mRNAs are made from genes 
A)  genes are made from mRNAs 
B)  genes are structurally identical to mRNAs 
C)  mRNAs make proteins, which then code for genes 
D)  mRNA is directly responsible for making Okazaki fragments 
E)  mRNAs are made from genes

Question 19

An intron is a section of _.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA that is removed during RNA processing 
B)  transfer RNA that binds to the anticodon 
C)  DNA that is removed during DNA processing 
D)  protein that is clipped out posttranslationally 
E)  carbohydrate that serves as a signal for RNA transport 
A)  RNA that is removed during RNA processing 
B)  transfer RNA that binds to the anticodon 
C)  DNA that is removed during DNA processing 
D)  protein that is clipped out posttranslationally 
E)  carbohydrate that serves as a signal for RNA transport

Question 20

What is meant by the term heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)?

Accepted Answer

pre -mRNA, primary t

Exam 12: The Genetic Code and Transcription

There is some indication that the code is in some way ordered; a certain pattern exists. Describe an observation that supports this view.

Referring to the genetic code, what is meant by "wobble"?

The genetic code is said to be triplet, meaning that there _.

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding ________ are usually conserved, but the sequences of ________ are much less well conserved.

From the late 1950s to the mid -1960s, numerous experiments using in vitro cell -free systems provided information on the nature of the genetic code. Briefly outline significant experiments in the determination of the genetic code.

In which cellular organelle do the three posttranscriptional modifications often seen in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes occur?

What is the initiator triplet in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Which amino acid does this triplet recruit?

Of the following three types of nucleic acids-DNA, mRNA, tRNA-which is most likely to contain modified bases?

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms. The term often used to describe such consistency in the code is _.

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the ________ position of the mRNA.

What was the name of the molecule that Jacob and Monod (1961) postulated carried genetic information from DNA to the site of protein manufacture?

In 1964, Nirenberg and Leder used the triplet binding assay to determine specific codon assignments. A complex of which of the following components was trapped in the nitrocellulose filter?

Regarding the efficient initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which specific "upstream" signals appear to be involved?

The enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase is capable of generating a random assembly of ribonucleotides.

What is the name given to the three bases in a messenger RNA that bind to the anticodon of tRNA to specify an amino acid placement in a protein?

What is meant by punctuation in terms of the genetic code?

The relationship between a gene and a messenger RNA is that _.

An intron is a section of _.

What is meant by the term heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Modifications of Mendelian Ratios

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bactierophages

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

Chromosome Structure and Dna Sequence Organization

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression

The Genetics of Cancer

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomics and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding are usually conserved, but the sequences of are much less well conserved.