Question 1

Calculate the molality of a solution containing 0.755 mol glucose and 1.75 kg of water.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.875 m 
B)  0.583 m 
C)  0.431 m 
D)  580 m 
E)  0.850 m 
A)  0.875 m 
B)  0.583 m 
C)  0.431 m 
D)  580 m 
E)  0.850 m

Question 2

Which of the following will have the largest lattice energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  NaF 
B)  NaCl 
C)  NaBr 
D)  NaI 
E)  CsCl 
A)  NaF 
B)  NaCl 
C)  NaBr 
D)  NaI 
E)  CsCl

Question 3

Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the lowest freezing point?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 m magnesium sulfate, MgSO4 
B)  0.1 m potassium chloride, KCl 
C)  0.08 m magnesium chloride, MgCl2 
D)  0.04 m sodium sulfate, Na2SO4 
E)  0.05 m sodium chloride, NaCl 
A)  0.1 m magnesium sulfate, MgSO4 
B)  0.1 m potassium chloride, KCl 
C)  0.08 m magnesium chloride, MgCl2 
D)  0.04 m sodium sulfate, Na2SO4 
E)  0.05 m sodium chloride, NaCl

Question 4

Determine the energy change for the reaction
Li(s)+$\frac { 1 } { 2 }$Cl2(g) $\rightarrow$ LiCl(s)
From the following data:
Lattice energy of LiCl = -861 kJ/mol
Energy to vaporize Li = 159 kJ/mol
Ionization energy of Li = 520 kJ/mol
Cl2 bond energy: 240 kJ/mol
Electron affinity of Cl: -349 kJ/mol

Accepted Answer

A)  -411 kJ/mol 
B)  -528 kJ/mol 
C)  311 kJ/mol 
D)  -861 kJ/mol 
E)  -291 kJ/mol 
A)  -411 kJ/mol 
B)  -528 kJ/mol 
C)  311 kJ/mol 
D)  -861 kJ/mol 
E)  -291 kJ/mol

Question 5

Which statement regarding the fractional distillation of two substances is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The substance with the lower boiling point has a higher concentration in the vapor than in the liquid. 
B)  The boiling point of the mixture is not constant, changing as the distillation progresses. 
C)  The substance with the higher vapor pressure has a higher concentration in the vapor than in the liquid. 
D)  The mole ratio of the two substances in the vapor is not the same as it is in the liquid. 
E)  When the vapor at any stage of the distillation is condensed, the resulting distillate has the same composition as the original mixture of the two substances. 
A)  The substance with the lower boiling point has a higher concentration in the vapor than in the liquid. 
B)  The boiling point of the mixture is not constant, changing as the distillation progresses. 
C)  The substance with the higher vapor pressure has a higher concentration in the vapor than in the liquid. 
D)  The mole ratio of the two substances in the vapor is not the same as it is in the liquid. 
E)  When the vapor at any stage of the distillation is condensed, the resulting distillate has the same composition as the original mixture of the two substances.

Question 6

Which statement is not correct? Determination of molar mass of an unknown sample by an osmotic pressure measurement requires that ________

Accepted Answer

A)  the solute dissolved in the solution is pure. 
B)  the solute is a nonelectrolyte. 
C)  the molecules of the solute do not pass through the semipermeable membrane. 
D)  the mass of the solute dissolved in the solution is known in advance. 
E)  the molar concentration of the solute in the solution is known in advance. 
A)  the solute dissolved in the solution is pure. 
B)  the solute is a nonelectrolyte. 
C)  the molecules of the solute do not pass through the semipermeable membrane. 
D)  the mass of the solute dissolved in the solution is known in advance. 
E)  the molar concentration of the solute in the solution is known in advance.

Question 7

A solution contains 6.50 mol water, 0.300 mol sucrose, and 0.200 mol glucose. The solutes are nonvolatile. What is the vapor pressure of the solution at 35°C given that the vapor pressure of water is 42.2 torr?

Accepted Answer

A)  35.0 torr 
B)  36.0 torr 
C)  37.0 torr 
D)  39.2 torr 
E)  39.0 torr 
A)  35.0 torr 
B)  36.0 torr 
C)  37.0 torr 
D)  39.2 torr 
E)  39.0 torr

Question 8

Calculate the minimum pressure that must be applied to achieve reverse osmosis of 0.504 M NaCl at 22$\degree$C.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.906 atm 
B)  92.2 atm 
C)  0.909 atm 
D)  12.2 atm 
E)  24.4 atm 
A)  0.906 atm 
B)  92.2 atm 
C)  0.909 atm 
D)  12.2 atm 
E)  24.4 atm

Question 9

Caryophyllene, a nonelectrolyte, is one of the compounds responsible for the flavor of cloves. A 207 mg sample of caryophyllene was dissolved in 1.00 g of chloroform (Kb = 3.63°C/m), increasing the boiling point of chloroform by 3.68°C. What is the molar mass of caryophyllene?

Accepted Answer

A)  204 g/mol 
B)  156 g/mol 
C)  164 g/mol 
D)  193 g/mol 
E)  219 g/mol 
A)  204 g/mol 
B)  156 g/mol 
C)  164 g/mol 
D)  193 g/mol 
E)  219 g/mol

Question 10

Use the following data to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction: $$\begin{array} { l c } 
{ \mathrm { K } ( s ) + \frac { 1 } { 2 } \mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 } ( g ) \rightarrow \mathrm { KCl } ( s ) } & \
 { \text { Quantity } } & \text { Magnitude } ( \mathbf { k J } / \mathbf { m o l } ) \
\text { Ionization energy of } \mathrm { K } ( g ) & 425 \
\text { Electron affinity of } \mathrm { Cl } ( g ) & - 349 \
\text { Vaporization energy of } \mathrm { K } ( s ) & 89 \
\text { Bond energy of } \mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 } ( g ) & 240 \
\text { Lattice energy of } \mathrm { KCl } ( s ) & - 723
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

A)  -603 kJ/mol 
B)  -11.0 kJ/mol 
C)  405 kJ/mol 
D)  -318 kJ/mol 
E)  -438 kJ/mol 
A)  -603 kJ/mol 
B)  -11.0 kJ/mol 
C)  405 kJ/mol 
D)  -318 kJ/mol 
E)  -438 kJ/mol

Question 11

You like boiled eggs for breakfast, but they take too long to cook, and you are always late to your early morning class. Lucky you! You have learned that adding table salt, NaCl (58.4 g/mol,
2)16 g/cm3), to water (Kb = 0.52°C/m) increases the temperature at which it boils. You figure that you can cook eggs faster at a higher temperature in boiling salty water! What increase in the boiling point do you expect if you add 1 tablespoon (1 tbsp = 14.8 cm3) of salt to one 8-oz cup of water (237 mL)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0°C 
B)  2.4°C 
C)  28°C 
D)  1.5°C 
E)  3.7°C 
A)  1.0°C 
B)  2.4°C 
C)  28°C 
D)  1.5°C 
E)  3.7°C

Question 12

A solution is made by dissolving 100 g of essentially nonvolatile ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in
500 g of water. What is the resulting freezing point of the solution (Kf = 1.86°C/m)?

Accepted Answer

A)  -5.99°C 
B)  -1.86°C 
C)  -0.372°C 
D)  -1.61°C 
E)  -3.23°C 
A)  -5.99°C 
B)  -1.86°C 
C)  -0.372°C 
D)  -1.61°C 
E)  -3.23°C

Question 13

Which graph best describes how the vapor pressure of a solution varies according to Raoult's law as a nonvolatile solute is added to a liquid? The vapor pressure of the solution is plotted on the y-axis, and the mole fraction of solvent is plotted on the x-axis. The origin (0, 0) is not necessarily located where the axes cross.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 14

Indicate which aqueous solution has the fastest evaporation rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 M KCl 
B)  0.2 M Na2CO3 
C)  0.2 M NaCl 
D)  0.1 M MgCl2 
E)  0.2 M MgCl2 
A)  0.1 M KCl 
B)  0.2 M Na2CO3 
C)  0.2 M NaCl 
D)  0.1 M MgCl2 
E)  0.2 M MgCl2

Question 15

Which statement about how the vapor pressure (P) of a liquid depends on temperature is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The larger the enthalpy of vaporization, the smaller the change in vapor pressure for a given change in temperature. 
B)  A graph of P versus 1/T is linear with a slope -$\Delta$Hvap /R. 
C)  The smaller the intermolecular interactions, the greater the change in vapor pressure for a given change in temperature. 
D)  A graph of ln(P) versus T is linear with a slope -$\Delta$Hvap /R. 
E)  A graph of ln(P) versus 1/T is linear with a slope -$\Delta$Hvap /R. 
A)  The larger the enthalpy of vaporization, the smaller the change in vapor pressure for a given change in temperature. 
B)  A graph of P versus 1/T is linear with a slope -$\Delta$Hvap /R. 
C)  The smaller the intermolecular interactions, the greater the change in vapor pressure for a given change in temperature. 
D)  A graph of ln(P) versus T is linear with a slope -$\Delta$Hvap /R. 
E)  A graph of ln(P) versus 1/T is linear with a slope -$\Delta$Hvap /R.

Question 16

Describe how the molar mass of a compound can be determined from data obtained in two experiments: (1) measurements of the freezing point, and (2) measurements of the boiling point of a solution of the compound.

Accepted Answer

In both cases the changes are described

Question 17

Which of the following ranks the compounds from lowest to highest lattice energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  NaF 2 2 2 2 
C)  MgF2 2 2 2 
E)  MgF2 2 < KF < NaF 
A)  NaF 2 2 2 2 
C)  MgF2 2 2 2 
E)  MgF2 2 < KF < NaF

Question 18

A physiological saline solution is 0.92% NaCl by mass. What is the osmotic pressure of such a solution at a body temperature of 37°C?

Accepted Answer

A)  8.0 atm 
B)  3.9 atm 
C)  2.3 atm 
D)  4.3 atm 
E)  4.1 atm 
A)  8.0 atm 
B)  3.9 atm 
C)  2.3 atm 
D)  4.3 atm 
E)  4.1 atm

Question 19

If water contains about 42 mg of oxygen per liter at 20°C and 1.0 atm, what would be the value of Henry's law constant for oxygen dissolving in water? The mole fraction of oxygen in air is 0.21.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.25 mol/(L atm) 
B)  1.3 *10-3 mol/(L atm) 
C)  1.9 *10-2 mol/(L atm) 
D)  6.3 * 10-3 mol/(L atm) 
E)  0.010 mol/(L atm) 
A)  0.25 mol/(L atm) 
B)  1.3 *10-3 mol/(L atm) 
C)  1.9 *10-2 mol/(L atm) 
D)  6.3 * 10-3 mol/(L atm) 
E)  0.010 mol/(L atm)

Question 20

Which graph best describes how the vapor pressure of a solution varies according to Raoult's law as a nonvolatile solute is added to a liquid? The vapor pressure of the solution is plotted on the y-axis, and the mole fraction of solute is plotted on the x-axis. The origin (0, 0) is not necessarily located where the axes cross.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Calculate the molality of a solution containing 0.755 mol glucose and 1.75 kg of water.

Which of the following will have the largest lattice energy?

Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the lowest freezing point?

Which statement regarding the fractional distillation of two substances is not correct?

Which statement is not correct? Determination of molar mass of an unknown sample by an osmotic pressure measurement requires that ________

A solution contains 6.50 mol water, 0.300 mol sucrose, and 0.200 mol glucose. The solutes are nonvolatile. What is the vapor pressure of the solution at 35°C given that the vapor pressure of water is 42.2 torr?

Calculate the minimum pressure that must be applied to achieve reverse osmosis of 0.504 M NaCl at 22 $\degree$ C.

Caryophyllene, a nonelectrolyte, is one of the compounds responsible for the flavor of cloves. A 207 mg sample of caryophyllene was dissolved in 1.00 g of chloroform (K_b = 3.63°C/m), increasing the boiling point of chloroform by 3.68°C. What is the molar mass of caryophyllene?

Use the following data to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction: (s)+(g)\rightarrow(s) Quantity Magnitude (/) Ionization energy of (g) 425 Electron affinity of (g) -349 Vaporization energy of (s) 89 Bond energy of (g) 240 Lattice energy of (s) -723

A solution is made by dissolving 100 g of essentially nonvolatile ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂) in 500 g of water. What is the resulting freezing point of the solution (K_f = 1.86°C/m)?

Indicate which aqueous solution has the fastest evaporation rate.

Which statement about how the vapor pressure (P) of a liquid depends on temperature is correct?

Describe how the molar mass of a compound can be determined from data obtained in two experiments: (1) measurements of the freezing point, and (2) measurements of the boiling point of a solution of the compound.

Which of the following ranks the compounds from lowest to highest lattice energy?

A physiological saline solution is 0.92% NaCl by mass. What is the osmotic pressure of such a solution at a body temperature of 37°C?

If water contains about 42 mg of oxygen per liter at 20°C and 1.0 atm, what would be the value of Henry's law constant for oxygen dissolving in water? The mole fraction of oxygen in air is 0.21.

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: the Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solids: Structures and Applications

Organic Chemistry: Fuels, Pharmaceuticals, Materials, and Life

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Air We Breathe

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acid-Base and Solubility Equilibria: Reactions in Soil and Water

Metal Ions: Colorful and Essential

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: the Quest for Clean Energy

Biochemistry: the Compounds of Life

Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Life and the Periodic Table

Filters

Exam 11: Solutions: Properties and Behavior

Calculate the molality of a solution containing 0.755 mol glucose and 1.75 kg of water.

Which of the following will have the largest lattice energy?

Which of the following aqueous solutions will have the lowest freezing point?

Which statement regarding the fractional distillation of two substances is not correct?

Which statement is not correct? Determination of molar mass of an unknown sample by an osmotic pressure measurement requires that ________

A solution contains 6.50 mol water, 0.300 mol sucrose, and 0.200 mol glucose. The solutes are nonvolatile. What is the vapor pressure of the solution at 35°C given that the vapor pressure of water is 42.2 torr?

Calculate the minimum pressure that must be applied to achieve reverse osmosis of 0.504 M NaCl at 22 °\degree° C.

Caryophyllene, a nonelectrolyte, is one of the compounds responsible for the flavor of cloves. A 207 mg sample of caryophyllene was dissolved in 1.00 g of chloroform (Kb = 3.63°C/m), increasing the boiling point of chloroform by 3.68°C. What is the molar mass of caryophyllene?

Use the following data to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction: (s)+(g)\rightarrow(s) Quantity Magnitude (/) Ionization energy of (g) 425 Electron affinity of (g) -349 Vaporization energy of (s) 89 Bond energy of (g) 240 Lattice energy of (s) -723

A solution is made by dissolving 100 g of essentially nonvolatile ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 500 g of water. What is the resulting freezing point of the solution (Kf = 1.86°C/m)?

Indicate which aqueous solution has the fastest evaporation rate.

Which statement about how the vapor pressure (P) of a liquid depends on temperature is correct?

Describe how the molar mass of a compound can be determined from data obtained in two experiments: (1) measurements of the freezing point, and (2) measurements of the boiling point of a solution of the compound.

Which of the following ranks the compounds from lowest to highest lattice energy?

A physiological saline solution is 0.92% NaCl by mass. What is the osmotic pressure of such a solution at a body temperature of 37°C?

If water contains about 42 mg of oxygen per liter at 20°C and 1.0 atm, what would be the value of Henry's law constant for oxygen dissolving in water? The mole fraction of oxygen in air is 0.21.

Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Matter Starts Here

Stoichiometry: Mass, Formulas, and Reactions

Solution Chemistry: The Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Reactions

Properties of Gases: the Air We Breathe

A Quantum Model of Atoms: Waves and Particles

Chemical Bonds: What Makes a Gas a Greenhouse Gas

Molecular Geometry: Shape Determines Function

Intermolecular Forces: The Uniqueness of Water

Solids: Structures and Applications

Organic Chemistry: Fuels, Pharmaceuticals, Materials, and Life

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Air We Breathe

Chemical Equilibrium: How Much Product Does a Reaction Really Make

Acid-Base and Solubility Equilibria: Reactions in Soil and Water

Metal Ions: Colorful and Essential

Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

Electrochemistry: the Quest for Clean Energy

Biochemistry: the Compounds of Life

Nuclear Chemistry: Applications to Energy and Medicine

Life and the Periodic Table

Filters

Calculate the minimum pressure that must be applied to achieve reverse osmosis of 0.504 M NaCl at 22 $\degree$ C.

Caryophyllene, a nonelectrolyte, is one of the compounds responsible for the flavor of cloves. A 207 mg sample of caryophyllene was dissolved in 1.00 g of chloroform (K_b = 3.63°C/m), increasing the boiling point of chloroform by 3.68°C. What is the molar mass of caryophyllene?

A solution is made by dissolving 100 g of essentially nonvolatile ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂) in 500 g of water. What is the resulting freezing point of the solution (K_f = 1.86°C/m)?