Chat with AIExam 13: Decreasing Behavior With Punishment
Distinguish between an exclusionary and nonexclusionary timeout.
(39) 
VerifiedExclusionary time out consists of removing the individual from the situation in which reinforcement is occurring for a short time.Non-exclusionary time out consists of introducing into the situation a stimulus associated with less reinforcement.
We suggested that if behavior modifiers are unable to detect most instances of a behavior to be punished, they should have serious doubts about the value of implementing a punishment procedure.
a.Give two reasons to support this suggestion.
b.What alternative means for decreasing behavior are available to the behavior modifier (see Chapters 6 and 12)?
(32) Verified(a)First, intermittent punishment is less effective than continuous punishment.Second, unless the teacher can deliver the punisher on each occasion, those occasions where the punisher is not present may be ones where the behavior is followed by positive reinforcement.This would make the procedure even less effective.(b)The teacher can apply extinction (i.e., present SDs for desirable alternative behavior and present SΔs for the behavior to be decreased), reinforce the client on a DRL for the response to be decreased, reinforce the client on a DRO for the response to be decreased, or reinforce the client on a DRI or a DRA with respect to the response to be decreased.
Define unconditioned punisher, and give an example that illustrates the complete definition.
(34) VerifiedAn unconditioned punisher is a stimulus that is punishing without prior learning.Examples include spankings and pinches.For example, without prior learning, if a child spits on a younger sibling and is spanked for doing so, the child is less likely to spit on the sibling in the future.Any appropriate example is acceptable.
What steps might you follow to experimentally determine whether a verbal reprimand is a punisher for a particular child?
(41) Distinguish between the direct-acting and indirect-acting effects of punishment.
(39) What is pica? What factors influencing the effectiveness of punishment did Johnston et al.incorporate into their treatment for pica?
(27) What are three reasons that could explain the effectiveness of a delayed punisher in decreasing a behavior?
(39) Identify three areas where more research is needed on the use of timeout with children.
(35) Briefly describe the procedure that Mathews et al.taught mothers to decrease dangerous behaviors of their 1-year-old children. Was the timeout component exclusionary or nonexclusionary? Justify your choice.
(39) List six conditions that should be met for behavior modifiers to design punishment programs.
(35) Briefly describe the right-to-effective-treatment and freedom-from-harm positions in regard to the deliberate use of punishment treatment procedures.
(32) Cite six potential harmful side effects of the application of punishment.
(38) Define conditioned punisher, and give an example that is not in this chapter.
(32) Describe or define four different types of punishers, and give an example of each.
(36) State the procedures for extinction, response cost, and exclusionary timeout.
(30) 
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