Question 1

What is one precaution to help ensure high ethical standards for a token economy?

Accepted Answer

Make the system completely open to public scrutiny, provided that such openness is subject to the approval of clients or their advocates.

Question 2

If one decides to wean an individual of tokens by decreasing the value of the tokens gradually, what are two ways that might be accomplished?

Accepted Answer

(a)Gradually decreasing the amount of backup reinforcement that a given number of tokens can purchase (i.e., programming inflation).(b)Gradually increasing the delay between token acquisition and the purchase of backup reinforcers.

Question 3

Identify four sources of potential help for managing a token economy.

Accepted Answer

(a)Members of civic organizations and community action groups, friends and acquaintances, university students; (b)Volunteers (e.g., senior citizens); (c)Behaviorally- advanced individuals within the institution where the token economy is being developed, teacher aides or teaching assistants or other workers who may be employees of the institution who could participate as part of their job; (d)the clients themselves.

Question 4

What are tokens?

Accepted Answer

A token is an object

Question 5

Identify four target behaviors for the youths at Achievement Place: two desirable and two undesirable behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Two desirable behaviors were d

Question 6

What are two major advantages to using tokens as reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

(a)They can be given immediately after a

Question 7

How should tokens be delivered?

Accepted Answer

Tokens should always be presented in a p

Question 8

Describe a token program in which individuals in a sheltered workshop administered tokens to themselves.

Accepted Answer

Each time a buzzer rang in the work sett

Question 9

Would you expect children in a classroom mini-economy to show more or less generalization to the natural environment than if they had not participated in the mini-economy? Explain.

Accepted Answer

More, because in a classroom m

Question 10

How often should store time be held in a token economy for schoolchildren?

Accepted Answer

Stainback, Payne, Stainback, and Payne (

Question 11

What are three considerations for deciding the token price of each backup reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

(a)The monetary cost of each backup rein

Question 12

List and briefly describe five initial steps involved in setting up and managing a token economy.

Accepted Answer

(a)Deciding on the target behaviors: the

Question 13

What are two ways help has been obtained to manage PSI courses?

Accepted Answer

(a)Students who master an assignment can

Question 14

State two general methods of weaning individuals from tokens when transferring behavior to the natural environment.

Accepted Answer

(a)Gradually eliminate the tok

Question 15

What is a token economy store? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

This is a place in which to keep backup

Question 16

,Describe five potential problems that are likely to occur during the initial days of a token economy.

Accepted Answer

(a)Confusion, especially during the firs

Question 17

In a sentence, describe the type of individual whom Achievement Place was designed to help.

Accepted Answer

Achievement Place was designed to help b

Question 18

List two backup reinforcers used at Achievement Place.

Accepted Answer

Permission to stay u

Question 19

What is a classroom mini-economy? Describe its features.

Accepted Answer

A classroom mini-economy is a token econ

Question 20

What is a token economy?

Accepted Answer

A token economy is a behaviora

Exam 25: Token Economies

What is one precaution to help ensure high ethical standards for a token economy?

If one decides to wean an individual of tokens by decreasing the value of the tokens gradually, what are two ways that might be accomplished?

Identify four sources of potential help for managing a token economy.

What are tokens?

Identify four target behaviors for the youths at Achievement Place: two desirable and two undesirable behaviors.

What are two major advantages to using tokens as reinforcers?

How should tokens be delivered?

Describe a token program in which individuals in a sheltered workshop administered tokens to themselves.

Would you expect children in a classroom mini-economy to show more or less generalization to the natural environment than if they had not participated in the mini-economy? Explain.

How often should store time be held in a token economy for schoolchildren?

What are three considerations for deciding the token price of each backup reinforcer?

List and briefly describe five initial steps involved in setting up and managing a token economy.

What are two ways help has been obtained to manage PSI courses?

State two general methods of weaning individuals from tokens when transferring behavior to the natural environment.

What is a token economy store? Give examples.

,Describe five potential problems that are likely to occur during the initial days of a token economy.

In a sentence, describe the type of individual whom Achievement Place was designed to help.

List two backup reinforcers used at Achievement Place.

What is a classroom mini-economy? Describe its features.

What is a token economy?

Introduction

Areas of Application: an Overview

Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement

Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement

Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction

Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement

Responding at the Right Time and Place: Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading

Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining

Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Decreasing Behavior With Punishment

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Generality of Behavior Change

Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals

Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Behavioral Assessment: Initial Considerations

Direct Behavioral Assessment: What to Record and How

Doing Behavior Modification Research

Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior

Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program

Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control

Approaches to Behavior Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring; Self-Directed Coping Methods; and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures

Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Giving It All Some Perspective: a Brief History

Ethical Issues

Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Filters