Question 1

Which of the following is a pregnancy test used to find the fetal hormone HCG in a womanʹs urine using anti-HCG and latex spheres?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutralization reaction 
B)  immunofluorescence 
C)  precipitation reaction 
D)  direct agglutination reaction 
E)  indirect agglutination reaction 
A)  neutralization reaction 
B)  immunofluorescence 
C)  precipitation reaction 
D)  direct agglutination reaction 
E)  indirect agglutination reaction

Question 2

Blood typing tests are examples of hemagglutination reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Figure 18.1
  
-Which component in Figure 18.1 came from the patient in this indirect ELISA test?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e

Question 4

Purified protein from Bordetella pertussis is used in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
B)  subunit vaccine. 
C)  toxoid vaccine. 
D)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
E)  conjugated vaccine. 
A)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
B)  subunit vaccine. 
C)  toxoid vaccine. 
D)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
E)  conjugated vaccine.

Question 5

Patientʹs serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemolysis 
B)  agglutination 
C)  hemagglutination 
D)  complement fixation 
E)  hemagglutination-inhibition 
A)  hemolysis 
B)  agglutination 
C)  hemagglutination 
D)  complement fixation 
E)  hemagglutination-inhibition

Question 6

Table 18.1
Antibody Titer
 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline & \text { Day 1 } & \text { Day } 7 & \text { Day 14 } & \text { Day 21 } \
\hline \text { Patient A } & 0 & 0 & 256 & 512 \
\hline \text { Patient B } & 128 & 256 & 512 & 1024 \
\hline \text { Patient C } & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \
\hline \text { Patient D } & 128 & 128 & 128 & 128 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-In Table 18.1, who probably has the disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patients A and C 
B)  Patients A and D 
C)  Patients B and C 
D)  Patients C and D 
E)  Patients A and B 
A)  Patients A and C 
B)  Patients A and D 
C)  Patients B and C 
D)  Patients C and D 
E)  Patients A and B

Question 7

An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means that the test

Accepted Answer

A)  detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
B)  detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
C)  detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
D)  detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
E)  detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results. 
A)  detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
B)  detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
C)  detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
D)  detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
E)  detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results.

Question 8

What type of vaccine involves host synthesis of viral antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid vaccine 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine 
C)  conjugated vaccine 
D)  toxoid vaccine 
E)  subunit vaccine 
A)  nucleic acid vaccine 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine 
C)  conjugated vaccine 
D)  toxoid vaccine 
E)  subunit vaccine

Question 9

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose the fungal disease histoplasmosis, a patientʹs serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a precipitate forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. In this test process, what is the most likely identity of the material in the second well?

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells 
B)  a purified fungal antigen 
C)  a purified protozoan antigen 
D)  antibodies 
E)  entire fungal cells 
A)  red blood cells 
B)  a purified fungal antigen 
C)  a purified protozoan antigen 
D)  antibodies 
E)  entire fungal cells

Question 10

Which of the following uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutralization 
B)  complement fixation 
C)  precipitation 
D)  flow cytometry 
E)  agglutination 
A)  neutralization 
B)  complement fixation 
C)  precipitation 
D)  flow cytometry 
E)  agglutination

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of live attenuated vaccine agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  They occasionally revert to virulent forms. 
B)  They require few or no booster immunizations. 
C)  The immune response generated by the vaccine closely mimics a real infection. 
D)  They stimulate by cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. 
E)  They elicit lifelong immunity. 
A)  They occasionally revert to virulent forms. 
B)  They require few or no booster immunizations. 
C)  The immune response generated by the vaccine closely mimics a real infection. 
D)  They stimulate by cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. 
E)  They elicit lifelong immunity.

Question 12

In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube #1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If tube #6 is the last tube showing agglutination, what is the antibody titer?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  1:6 
C)  1:32 
D)  32 
E)  64 
A)  6 
B)  1:6 
C)  1:32 
D)  32 
E)  64

Question 13

Which of the following is a test to determine the presence of soluble antigens in a patientʹs saliva?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunofluorescence 
B)  precipitation reaction 
C)  passive agglutination reaction 
D)  neutralization reaction 
E)  direct agglutination reaction 
A)  immunofluorescence 
B)  precipitation reaction 
C)  passive agglutination reaction 
D)  neutralization reaction 
E)  direct agglutination reaction

Question 14

Western blotting uses antibodies to detect specific proteins in a mixture of proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Agglutination tests use particulate antigens while precipitation tests use soluble antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which item is from the patient in a direct ELISA test?

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen 
B)  antibodies against the antigen 
C)  antihuman immune serum 
D)  substrate for the enzyme 
A)  antigen 
B)  antibodies against the antigen 
C)  antihuman immune serum 
D)  substrate for the enzyme

Question 17

A positive complement-fixation test is indicated by the lysis of the sheep red blood cells added in the indicator phase of the test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
B)  conjugated vaccine. 
C)  subunit vaccine. 
D)  toxoid vaccine. 
E)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
A)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
B)  conjugated vaccine. 
C)  subunit vaccine. 
D)  toxoid vaccine. 
E)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine.

Question 19

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen-forming lattices is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction. 
A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction.

Question 20

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies. What is the fourth step?

Accepted Answer

A)  Culture the hybridoma in a selective medium. 
B)  A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. 
C)  Isolate antibody-producing B cells. 
D)  Vaccinate a mouse. 
E)  Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell. 
A)  Culture the hybridoma in a selective medium. 
B)  A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. 
C)  Isolate antibody-producing B cells. 
D)  Vaccinate a mouse. 
E)  Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell.

Exam 18: Practical Applications of Immunology

Which of the following is a pregnancy test used to find the fetal hormone HCG in a womanʹs urine using anti-HCG and latex spheres?

Blood typing tests are examples of hemagglutination reactions.

Figure 18.1 -Which component in Figure 18.1 came from the patient in this indirect ELISA test?

Purified protein from Bordetella pertussis is used in a(n)

Patientʹs serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Table 18.1 Antibody Titer Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Patient A 0 0 256 512 Patient B 128 256 512 1024 Patient C 0 0 0 0 Patient D 128 128 128 128 -In Table 18.1, who probably has the disease?

An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means that the test

What type of vaccine involves host synthesis of viral antigens?

Which of the following uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of live attenuated vaccine agents?

In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube #1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If tube #6 is the last tube showing agglutination, what is the antibody titer?

Which of the following is a test to determine the presence of soluble antigens in a patientʹs saliva?

Western blotting uses antibodies to detect specific proteins in a mixture of proteins.

Agglutination tests use particulate antigens while precipitation tests use soluble antigens.

Which item is from the patient in a direct ELISA test?

A positive complement-fixation test is indicated by the lysis of the sheep red blood cells added in the indicator phase of the test.

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen-forming lattices is called a(n)

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies. What is the fourth step?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

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