Question 1

Identify three major contributions that Freud's psychoanalytic theory has made to the field of developmental psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify three major contributions that Freud's psychoanalytic...

Question 2

What do many contemporary researchers suggest about nature and nurture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature can never be eliminated and thus is more important than nurture in development. 
B)  Nurture is more important to development and can overcome any small influence that nature may have. 
C)  Nature and nurture interact and both are important. 
D)  Neither nature nor nurture is responsible for the final developmental outcomes that are observed. 
A)  Nature can never be eliminated and thus is more important than nurture in development. 
B)  Nurture is more important to development and can overcome any small influence that nature may have. 
C)  Nature and nurture interact and both are important. 
D)  Neither nature nor nurture is responsible for the final developmental outcomes that are observed.

Question 3

Christopher lives on the boundary between two school districts.One school has extra funding for reading programs,whereas the other has extra funding for gifted children.Which school would Bronfenbrenner choose for Christopher?

Accepted Answer

A)  the school that more closely matches Christopher's needs because it will provide the better learning environment 
B)  either school because learning is personal and is not affected by the environment 
C)  the school with more funding for gifted children 
D)  the school with more funding for reading programs 
A)  the school that more closely matches Christopher's needs because it will provide the better learning environment 
B)  either school because learning is personal and is not affected by the environment 
C)  the school with more funding for gifted children 
D)  the school with more funding for reading programs

Question 4

Describe the active/passive issue as it applies to developmental change.

Accepted Answer

The active/passive issue in developmenta

Question 5

Discuss Piaget's cognitive developmental theory in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue,the nature-nurture issue,and the activity-passivity issue.

Accepted Answer

Curiosity and the desire to learn and un

Question 6

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory,what is the microsystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  the activities and interactions that occur in a person's immediate surroundings 
B)  the cultural, subcultural, or social class context within which development occurs 
C)  contexts that children and adolescents are not part of, but which may nevertheless influence their development 
D)  changes in the child, or in any of the ecological contexts of development 
A)  the activities and interactions that occur in a person's immediate surroundings 
B)  the cultural, subcultural, or social class context within which development occurs 
C)  contexts that children and adolescents are not part of, but which may nevertheless influence their development 
D)  changes in the child, or in any of the ecological contexts of development

Question 7

What do current developmentalists generally stress as an important factor in developmental outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is more important to identify discontinuities than continuities. 
B)  Biological factors and life experiences jointly determine developmental outcomes. 
C)  Environmental forces and life experiences play the major role in development. 
D)  It is more important to identify continuities than discontinuities. 
A)  It is more important to identify discontinuities than continuities. 
B)  Biological factors and life experiences jointly determine developmental outcomes. 
C)  Environmental forces and life experiences play the major role in development. 
D)  It is more important to identify continuities than discontinuities.

Question 8

Which type of learning did Bandura emphasize as an important means of increasing a child's behavioural repertoire?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  behaviourism 
C)  contingent reinforcement 
D)  observational learning 
A)  operant conditioning 
B)  behaviourism 
C)  contingent reinforcement 
D)  observational learning

Question 9

What would govern a person's behaviour if he or she was under the influence of the id?

Accepted Answer

A)  society's moral customs 
B)  inborn instinctual drives 
C)  memories of the prior context of the action 
D)  reason and deliberation 
A)  society's moral customs 
B)  inborn instinctual drives 
C)  memories of the prior context of the action 
D)  reason and deliberation

Question 10

What do stage models assert about development?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a series of abrupt changes. 
B)  It is malleable and based on personal experience. 
C)  It is instinctive and immune from modification. 
D)  It is gradual and continuous. 
A)  It is a series of abrupt changes. 
B)  It is malleable and based on personal experience. 
C)  It is instinctive and immune from modification. 
D)  It is gradual and continuous.

Question 11

Hilary is driving on a busy highway with her 3-year-old daughter in the car.Suddenly,another car cuts them off and Hilary swears as she slams on the brakes.A few weeks later,the same thing happens and her daughter swears loudly.Hilary is horrified and can't imagine where her daughter learned those words.Which theorist would be most accurate at explaining her daughter's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner 
B)  Bandura 
C)  Piaget 
D)  Adler 
A)  Skinner 
B)  Bandura 
C)  Piaget 
D)  Adler

Question 12

What type of theorist was Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A)  a stage theorist who maintained that children played an active role in their own development 
B)  a stage theorist who maintained that children played a passive role in their own development 
C)  an information-processing theorist who maintained that children played an active role in their own development 
D)  an information-processing theorist who maintained that children played a passive role in their own development 
A)  a stage theorist who maintained that children played an active role in their own development 
B)  a stage theorist who maintained that children played a passive role in their own development 
C)  an information-processing theorist who maintained that children played an active role in their own development 
D)  an information-processing theorist who maintained that children played a passive role in their own development

Question 13

According to the behaviourist John Watson,how should parents respond to their child?

Accepted Answer

A)  permissively, giving the child whatever is requested 
B)  gently and with resigned acceptance 
C)  firmly, as if the child is innately sinful 
D)  firmly, as if the child were a little adult 
A)  permissively, giving the child whatever is requested 
B)  gently and with resigned acceptance 
C)  firmly, as if the child is innately sinful 
D)  firmly, as if the child were a little adult

Question 14

What is the term for any event or stimulus that increases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  punisher 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus 
A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  punisher 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 15

Discuss the ethological perspective in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue,the nature-nurture issue,and the activity-passivity issue.

Accepted Answer

Ethologists emphasize both "good" and "b

Question 16

Of the theories described in the textbook,which one most clearly reflects a mechanistic world view?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud's psychoanalytic theory 
B)  Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory 
C)  Skinner's learning theory 
D)  Piaget's cognitive developmental theory 
A)  Freud's psychoanalytic theory 
B)  Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory 
C)  Skinner's learning theory 
D)  Piaget's cognitive developmental theory

Question 17

How would a person taking the position that development is discontinuous characterize developmental changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  as abrupt, qualitative, and often unconnected over time 
B)  as a product of maturational forces 
C)  as gradual, quantitative, and connected over time 
D)  as arising from the child's active role more than from the influence of external forces 
A)  as abrupt, qualitative, and often unconnected over time 
B)  as a product of maturational forces 
C)  as gradual, quantitative, and connected over time 
D)  as arising from the child's active role more than from the influence of external forces

Question 18

According to information-processing theory,the human mind is like a computer.In this analogy,what is the mind's hardware?

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic code children inherit 
B)  mental processes, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving strategies 
C)  social and environmental interactions 
D)  the central nervous system 
A)  the genetic code children inherit 
B)  mental processes, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving strategies 
C)  social and environmental interactions 
D)  the central nervous system

Question 19

According to information-processing theory,the human mind is like a computer.In this analogy,what is the mind's software?

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic code children inherit from their parents 
B)  mental processes, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving strategies 
C)  social and environmental interactions 
D)  the brain and central nervous system 
A)  the genetic code children inherit from their parents 
B)  mental processes, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving strategies 
C)  social and environmental interactions 
D)  the brain and central nervous system

Question 20

Outline the learning view of human development.

Accepted Answer

The learning view of human development e

Identify three major contributions that Freud's psychoanalytic theory has made to the field of developmental psychology.

What do many contemporary researchers suggest about nature and nurture?

Christopher lives on the boundary between two school districts.One school has extra funding for reading programs,whereas the other has extra funding for gifted children.Which school would Bronfenbrenner choose for Christopher?

Describe the active/passive issue as it applies to developmental change.

Discuss Piaget's cognitive developmental theory in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue,the nature-nurture issue,and the activity-passivity issue.

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory,what is the microsystem?

What do current developmentalists generally stress as an important factor in developmental outcomes?

Which type of learning did Bandura emphasize as an important means of increasing a child's behavioural repertoire?

What would govern a person's behaviour if he or she was under the influence of the id?

What do stage models assert about development?

What type of theorist was Piaget?

According to the behaviourist John Watson,how should parents respond to their child?

What is the term for any event or stimulus that increases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

Discuss the ethological perspective in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue,the nature-nurture issue,and the activity-passivity issue.

Of the theories described in the textbook,which one most clearly reflects a mechanistic world view?

How would a person taking the position that development is discontinuous characterize developmental changes?

According to information-processing theory,the human mind is like a computer.In this analogy,what is the mind's hardware?

According to information-processing theory,the human mind is like a computer.In this analogy,what is the mind's software?

Outline the learning view of human development.

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

Identify three major contributions that Freud's psychoanalytic theory has made to the field of developmental psychology.

What do many contemporary researchers suggest about nature and nurture?

Christopher lives on the boundary between two school districts.One school has extra funding for reading programs,whereas the other has extra funding for gifted children.Which school would Bronfenbrenner choose for Christopher?

Describe the active/passive issue as it applies to developmental change.

Discuss Piaget's cognitive developmental theory in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue,the nature-nurture issue,and the activity-passivity issue.

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory,what is the microsystem?

What do current developmentalists generally stress as an important factor in developmental outcomes?

Which type of learning did Bandura emphasize as an important means of increasing a child's behavioural repertoire?

What would govern a person's behaviour if he or she was under the influence of the id?

What do stage models assert about development?

What type of theorist was Piaget?

According to the behaviourist John Watson,how should parents respond to their child?

What is the term for any event or stimulus that increases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

Discuss the ethological perspective in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue,the nature-nurture issue,and the activity-passivity issue.

Of the theories described in the textbook,which one most clearly reflects a mechanistic world view?

How would a person taking the position that development is discontinuous characterize developmental changes?

According to information-processing theory,the human mind is like a computer.In this analogy,what is the mind's hardware?

According to information-processing theory,the human mind is like a computer.In this analogy,what is the mind's software?

Outline the learning view of human development.

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters