Question 1

Which area of developmental research did Piaget's research contribute immensely to?

Accepted Answer

A)  social cognition 
B)  information processing 
C)  evolutionary psychology 
D)  reciprocal determinism 
A)  social cognition 
B)  information processing 
C)  evolutionary psychology 
D)  reciprocal determinism

Question 2

Florence has just celebrated her fourth birthday.Based on Piaget's theory,which stage of cognitive development would Florence be in?

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  preoperational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  concrete operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  preoperational

Question 3

What would govern a person's behaviour if he or she was under the influence of the superego?

Accepted Answer

A)  inborn instinctual drives 
B)  reason and deliberation 
C)  memories of the prior context of the action 
D)  society's moral customs 
A)  inborn instinctual drives 
B)  reason and deliberation 
C)  memories of the prior context of the action 
D)  society's moral customs

Question 4

What is the focus of contextual models of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual whose development is greatly influenced by interactions with others in the environment 
B)  universal aspects of development that are common to all individuals 
C)  qualitative changes in development rather than quantitative changes 
D)  quantitative changes in development rather than qualitative changes 
A)  the individual whose development is greatly influenced by interactions with others in the environment 
B)  universal aspects of development that are common to all individuals 
C)  qualitative changes in development rather than quantitative changes 
D)  quantitative changes in development rather than qualitative changes

Question 5

According to Freud,which aspect of personality is the conscious,rational component?

Accepted Answer

A)  the superego 
B)  the ego 
C)  the id 
D)  the collective unconscious 
A)  the superego 
B)  the ego 
C)  the id 
D)  the collective unconscious

Question 6

After reading the text,David concludes that children are active in their own development.He also believes development proceeds through qualitatively different stages,and that nature and nurture interact to determine the final development outcomes that are observed.Which world view does David's position reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanistic 
B)  contextual 
C)  microgenetic 
D)  organismic 
A)  mechanistic 
B)  contextual 
C)  microgenetic 
D)  organismic

Question 7

What is the focus of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  biological maturation 
B)  psychological maturation 
C)  social development 
D)  cognitive development 
A)  biological maturation 
B)  psychological maturation 
C)  social development 
D)  cognitive development

Question 8

African crocodiles get bigger each year while they mature,but the basic shape of an elderly crocodile is the same as that of a young one.How is growth in crocodiles best described?

Accepted Answer

A)  as active 
B)  as eclectic 
C)  as continuous 
D)  as discontinuous 
A)  as active 
B)  as eclectic 
C)  as continuous 
D)  as discontinuous

Question 9

What is the result of research on empathy in infants,such as that conducted by Hoffman?

Accepted Answer

A)  It refutes the ethological view that many social behaviours have a biological basis. 
B)  It supports the ethological view that individuals are innately selfish and self-serving. 
C)  It supports the ethological view that many social behaviours have a biological basis. 
D)  It neither supports nor refutes any of the claims made by ethologists. 
A)  It refutes the ethological view that many social behaviours have a biological basis. 
B)  It supports the ethological view that individuals are innately selfish and self-serving. 
C)  It supports the ethological view that many social behaviours have a biological basis. 
D)  It neither supports nor refutes any of the claims made by ethologists.

Question 10

According to Erikson,which parental characteristic is the most important aspect for the development of trust?

Accepted Answer

A)  disciplinary strategies 
B)  warmth 
C)  responsiveness to the infant's needs 
D)  assertiveness 
A)  disciplinary strategies 
B)  warmth 
C)  responsiveness to the infant's needs 
D)  assertiveness

Question 11

Yolanda has just celebrated her second birthday.According to Erikson's theory,which life crisis is likely to be most relevant to Yolanda over the next few years?

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy versus shame and doubt 
B)  intimacy versus isolation 
C)  basic trust versus mistrust 
D)  industry versus inferiority 
A)  autonomy versus shame and doubt 
B)  intimacy versus isolation 
C)  basic trust versus mistrust 
D)  industry versus inferiority

Question 12

Marianna proposed a theory to explain children's understanding of nature.Over the years,the predictions of her theory have been tested,with mixed results.Many researchers have developed their own theories that modify Marianna's theory.From the information given,what could you conclude about her theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is falsifiable. 
B)  It is parsimonious. 
C)  It is heuristic. 
D)  It is valid. 
A)  It is falsifiable. 
B)  It is parsimonious. 
C)  It is heuristic. 
D)  It is valid.

Question 13

What is the focus of organismic models of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual whose development is controlled primarily by internal forces 
B)  environmental influences on development 
C)  continuities in development 
D)  biological organisms and their effect on development 
A)  the individual whose development is controlled primarily by internal forces 
B)  environmental influences on development 
C)  continuities in development 
D)  biological organisms and their effect on development

Question 14

Ethological theory views the child as playing an active role in promoting and maintaining which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the psychosocial stages of development 
B)  learning 
C)  their cognitive development 
D)  social interactions 
A)  the psychosocial stages of development 
B)  learning 
C)  their cognitive development 
D)  social interactions

Question 15

Which theorist emphasized the importance of social interactions with peers in a child's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  Konrad Lorenz 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Karen Horney 
A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  Konrad Lorenz 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Karen Horney

Question 16

Identify three characteristics of good theories and explain what is meant by each of these characteristics.

Accepted Answer

1. Testable and Falsifiable: Good theori

Question 17

Explain how reinforcers and punishers affect behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcers and punishers both play a si

Question 18

The notion of reciprocal determinism emphasizes the role of which factor in human development?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious motivation 
B)  human-environment interactions 
C)  adaptive schemes 
D)  evolutionary forces 
A)  unconscious motivation 
B)  human-environment interactions 
C)  adaptive schemes 
D)  evolutionary forces

Question 19

According to Piaget,people would not respond in new ways to changes in the environment without which cognitive process?

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation 
B)  assimilation 
C)  conservation 
D)  centration 
A)  accommodation 
B)  assimilation 
C)  conservation 
D)  centration

Question 20

What do stage theorists argue about developmental changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are qualitative. 
B)  They are quantitative. 
C)  They are gradual. 
D)  They are continuous. 
A)  They are qualitative. 
B)  They are quantitative. 
C)  They are gradual. 
D)  They are continuous.

Which area of developmental research did Piaget's research contribute immensely to?

Florence has just celebrated her fourth birthday.Based on Piaget's theory,which stage of cognitive development would Florence be in?

What would govern a person's behaviour if he or she was under the influence of the superego?

What is the focus of contextual models of development?

According to Freud,which aspect of personality is the conscious,rational component?

What is the focus of Piaget's theory?

African crocodiles get bigger each year while they mature,but the basic shape of an elderly crocodile is the same as that of a young one.How is growth in crocodiles best described?

What is the result of research on empathy in infants,such as that conducted by Hoffman?

According to Erikson,which parental characteristic is the most important aspect for the development of trust?

Yolanda has just celebrated her second birthday.According to Erikson's theory,which life crisis is likely to be most relevant to Yolanda over the next few years?

What is the focus of organismic models of development?

Ethological theory views the child as playing an active role in promoting and maintaining which of the following?

Which theorist emphasized the importance of social interactions with peers in a child's cognitive development?

Identify three characteristics of good theories and explain what is meant by each of these characteristics.

Explain how reinforcers and punishers affect behaviour.

The notion of reciprocal determinism emphasizes the role of which factor in human development?

According to Piaget,people would not respond in new ways to changes in the environment without which cognitive process?

What do stage theorists argue about developmental changes?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

Which area of developmental research did Piaget's research contribute immensely to?

Florence has just celebrated her fourth birthday.Based on Piaget's theory,which stage of cognitive development would Florence be in?

What would govern a person's behaviour if he or she was under the influence of the superego?

What is the focus of contextual models of development?

According to Freud,which aspect of personality is the conscious,rational component?

What is the focus of Piaget's theory?

African crocodiles get bigger each year while they mature,but the basic shape of an elderly crocodile is the same as that of a young one.How is growth in crocodiles best described?

What is the result of research on empathy in infants,such as that conducted by Hoffman?

According to Erikson,which parental characteristic is the most important aspect for the development of trust?

Yolanda has just celebrated her second birthday.According to Erikson's theory,which life crisis is likely to be most relevant to Yolanda over the next few years?

What is the focus of organismic models of development?

Ethological theory views the child as playing an active role in promoting and maintaining which of the following?

Which theorist emphasized the importance of social interactions with peers in a child's cognitive development?

Identify three characteristics of good theories and explain what is meant by each of these characteristics.

Explain how reinforcers and punishers affect behaviour.

The notion of reciprocal determinism emphasizes the role of which factor in human development?

According to Piaget,people would not respond in new ways to changes in the environment without which cognitive process?

What do stage theorists argue about developmental changes?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters