Question 1

In order to avoid the phenomenon of groupthink,the leader of a group should

Accepted Answer

A)  form subgroups that discuss the problem separately. 
B)  state his or her opinions forcefully. 
C)  discourage the input of opinions from those outside the group. 
D)  discourage group dissent. 
E)  encourage the importance of group cohesiveness. 
A)  form subgroups that discuss the problem separately. 
B)  state his or her opinions forcefully. 
C)  discourage the input of opinions from those outside the group. 
D)  discourage group dissent. 
E)  encourage the importance of group cohesiveness.

Question 2

Integrative solutions are

Accepted Answer

A)  rarely achievable. 
B)  frequently imposed by mediators. 
C)  a means to find outcomes favourable to both parties. 
D)  common to zero-sum conflicts. 
E)  generally resisted by both parties. 
A)  rarely achievable. 
B)  frequently imposed by mediators. 
C)  a means to find outcomes favourable to both parties. 
D)  common to zero-sum conflicts. 
E)  generally resisted by both parties.

Question 3

Robert Zajonc (1965)wrote an influential article in which he posited a theoretical explanation for the social facilitation effect.Elegantly simple,this explanation included what two steps?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of others is distracting → distractions make it more difficult to perform 
B)  actors are concerned about evaluation → the most dominant response is activated 
C)  performance of difficult tasks is arousing → arousal impedes performance 
D)  the presence of others is arousing → arousal enhances performance 
E)  the presence of others causes arousal → arousal makes it easier to do simple things and harder to do difficult or new things 
A)  the presence of others is distracting → distractions make it more difficult to perform 
B)  actors are concerned about evaluation → the most dominant response is activated 
C)  performance of difficult tasks is arousing → arousal impedes performance 
D)  the presence of others is arousing → arousal enhances performance 
E)  the presence of others causes arousal → arousal makes it easier to do simple things and harder to do difficult or new things

Question 4

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting and professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

Accepted Answer

A)  For simple assignments, it's better to assign a group grade. 
B)  Beware of social loafing. It's always better to have students work alone if you want them to do well. 
C)  Make sure that the groups of students are cohesive and appoint their own leader. 
D)  For simple assignments, it's better to assign individual grades to students. 
E)  Make sure that the groups are not too small. It's better to have more students relying on one another. 
A)  For simple assignments, it's better to assign a group grade. 
B)  Beware of social loafing. It's always better to have students work alone if you want them to do well. 
C)  Make sure that the groups of students are cohesive and appoint their own leader. 
D)  For simple assignments, it's better to assign individual grades to students. 
E)  Make sure that the groups are not too small. It's better to have more students relying on one another.

Question 5

Negotiation as a means of resolving conflict doesn't work as often as it might because in most conflicts

Accepted Answer

A)  adversaries tend to overlook the possibility of both parties achieving a favourable outcome. 
B)  adversaries refuse to involve objective mediators. 
C)  one party has more power than the other. 
D)  adversaries tend to overestimate the amount of trust they should have for one another. 
E)  adversaries refuse to communicate with one another. 
A)  adversaries tend to overlook the possibility of both parties achieving a favourable outcome. 
B)  adversaries refuse to involve objective mediators. 
C)  one party has more power than the other. 
D)  adversaries tend to overestimate the amount of trust they should have for one another. 
E)  adversaries refuse to communicate with one another.

Question 6

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has poor relationships with subordinates and directs tasks that are not clearly defined.

Accepted Answer

A)  contingent 
B)  despotic 
C)  low control 
D)  all 
E)  high control 
A)  contingent 
B)  despotic 
C)  low control 
D)  all 
E)  high control

Question 7

_______ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contagion performance 
B)  Social loafing 
C)  Social facilitation 
D)  Deindividuation 
E)  Contingent performance 
A)  Contagion performance 
B)  Social loafing 
C)  Social facilitation 
D)  Deindividuation 
E)  Contingent performance

Question 8

James manages a team of employees for a company that is highly organized,well controlled,and high in employee satisfaction.In this situation,there is a greater need for a _______ leader than a _______ leader.

Accepted Answer

A)  feminine; masculine 
B)  feminine; task-oriented 
C)  masculine; task-oriented 
D)  task-oriented; relationship-oriented 
E)  relationship-oriented; task-oriented 
A)  feminine; masculine 
B)  feminine; task-oriented 
C)  masculine; task-oriented 
D)  task-oriented; relationship-oriented 
E)  relationship-oriented; task-oriented

Question 9

_______ refers to the tendency of people to do worse on simple tasks and better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and when their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social accountability 
B)  Social inhibition 
C)  Social facilitation 
D)  Social loafing 
E)  Social norms 
A)  Social accountability 
B)  Social inhibition 
C)  Social facilitation 
D)  Social loafing 
E)  Social norms

Question 10

Deindividuation is defined as the feeling of anonymity that often leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  contagion. 
B)  prosocial behaviours. 
C)  impulsive deviant acts. 
D)  social loafing. 
E)  social facilitation 
A)  contagion. 
B)  prosocial behaviours. 
C)  impulsive deviant acts. 
D)  social loafing. 
E)  social facilitation

Question 11

In one condition of an experiment conducted by Gerald Stasser (Stasser & Titus,1985),all group members had access to the same information,and in another condition,members had unique information that other group members didn't know.In the second (unshared information)condition,the group made a worse decision than in the first (shared information)condition.This occurred because groups

Accepted Answer

A)  often engage in social loafing. 
B)  seldom can agree on who is most expert. 
C)  avoid differences of opinion, given conformity pressures. 
D)  often ignore dissenting opinions. 
E)  focus discussion on the information that all members know. 
A)  often engage in social loafing. 
B)  seldom can agree on who is most expert. 
C)  avoid differences of opinion, given conformity pressures. 
D)  often ignore dissenting opinions. 
E)  focus discussion on the information that all members know.

Question 12

For Halloween,Jeff wears a sheet and goes to a party as a ghost.How is this costume likely to influence his behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  He will be more likely to monitor his own behaviour. 
B)  He will feel less like himself, causing him to reaffirm his own moral standards. 
C)  He will feel less personally accountable for his behaviour. 
D)  He will feel self-conscious and be less likely to interact with others. 
E)  He will focus more attention on himself, causing greater self-awareness. 
A)  He will be more likely to monitor his own behaviour. 
B)  He will feel less like himself, causing him to reaffirm his own moral standards. 
C)  He will feel less personally accountable for his behaviour. 
D)  He will feel self-conscious and be less likely to interact with others. 
E)  He will focus more attention on himself, causing greater self-awareness.

Question 13

There is a powerful scene in the classic film To Kill a Mockingbird.Atticus Finch,a small town lawyer,is on the courthouse steps standing guard over Tom Robinson,an African-American prisoner who he is defending.A mob of townspeople and local farmers approaches the courthouse,demanding that Atticus turn over Robinson; they are intent on administering their own form of vigilante justice.Suddenly,Atticus's young daughter Scout steps forward.She doesn't understand what's about to happen,and begins to address people in the crowd,"Hey,Mr.Cunningham.How's your boy? I like Walter,but I haven't seen him in awhile." As Scout innocently addresses a number of individuals in the crowd,they begin to leave one-by-one,until the whole lynch mob is disbanded.This classic movie scene best illustrates which social psychological phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  the bystander effect 
D)  social loafing 
E)  deindividuation 
A)  social facilitation 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  the bystander effect 
D)  social loafing 
E)  deindividuation

Question 14

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has good relationships with subordinates,is perceived as powerful,and directs structured and well-defined tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  autocratic 
B)  ambiguous 
C)  low control 
D)  contingent 
E)  high control 
A)  autocratic 
B)  ambiguous 
C)  low control 
D)  contingent 
E)  high control

Question 15

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual,if chosen by most people,has harmful effects on everyone is called

Accepted Answer

A)  tit-for-tat strategy. 
B)  the commons dilemma. 
C)  forced choice. 
D)  a social dilemma. 
E)  an integrative solution. 
A)  tit-for-tat strategy. 
B)  the commons dilemma. 
C)  forced choice. 
D)  a social dilemma. 
E)  an integrative solution.

Question 16

Nan had pretty much made up her mind before a group discussion.During the discussion,however,she thinks to herself,"I think I'll hang back and see how the others feel about it.I don't want them to think I'm nuts or anything." Nan's thoughts best reflect the _______ interpretation of group polarization.

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing 
B)  social comparison 
C)  persuasive arguments 
D)  deviance avoidance 
E)  accuracy motive 
A)  social loafing 
B)  social comparison 
C)  persuasive arguments 
D)  deviance avoidance 
E)  accuracy motive

Question 17

Jennifer is the leader of a college student group whose goal is to steal the mascot of a rival university the week before the big football game.In planning the heist,Jennifer should _______ to prevent groupthink and ensure that her group is successful in devising the best possible plan.

Accepted Answer

A)  take a strong directive role as their leader 
B)  seek the opinions of trustworthy nongroup members 
C)  ensure that all members of the group are completely committed 
D)  assess group members' opinions frequently using show-of-hand voting 
E)  create a unified, cohesive membership to devise strategies together 
A)  take a strong directive role as their leader 
B)  seek the opinions of trustworthy nongroup members 
C)  ensure that all members of the group are completely committed 
D)  assess group members' opinions frequently using show-of-hand voting 
E)  create a unified, cohesive membership to devise strategies together

Question 18

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Roles often are imposed by the powerful. 
B)  Roles often have cultural implications. 
C)  Roles often bring about deindividuation. 
D)  Roles often limit what opportunities are available to some people. 
E)  Roles often apply to those who are less powerful. 
A)  Roles often are imposed by the powerful. 
B)  Roles often have cultural implications. 
C)  Roles often bring about deindividuation. 
D)  Roles often limit what opportunities are available to some people. 
E)  Roles often apply to those who are less powerful.

Question 19

According to the authors of your text,women in leadership positions are in a double bind.If they conform to social expectations about how to behave and are warm and communal,they may be seen as having low leadership potential,then,when they are given the opportunity to lead and they ______________,they are perceived negatively.

Accepted Answer

A)  turn it down to raise their children 
B)  beat men for managerial positions 
C)  act in agentic, assertive ways 
D)  have at least a bachelor's degree 
E)  fail to be transformational 
A)  turn it down to raise their children 
B)  beat men for managerial positions 
C)  act in agentic, assertive ways 
D)  have at least a bachelor's degree 
E)  fail to be transformational

Question 20

The phenomenon of groupthink is most likely to occur when a group is under stress,highly _______,and when the leader is very _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  diplomatic; cohesive. 
B)  cohesive; directive. 
C)  motivated; relationship-oriented. 
D)  cohesive; diplomatic. 
E)  motivated; feared. 
A)  diplomatic; cohesive. 
B)  cohesive; directive. 
C)  motivated; relationship-oriented. 
D)  cohesive; diplomatic. 
E)  motivated; feared.

In order to avoid the phenomenon of groupthink,the leader of a group should

Integrative solutions are

Robert Zajonc (1965)wrote an influential article in which he posited a theoretical explanation for the social facilitation effect.Elegantly simple,this explanation included what two steps?

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting and professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

Negotiation as a means of resolving conflict doesn't work as often as it might because in most conflicts

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has poor relationships with subordinates and directs tasks that are not clearly defined.

_______ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

James manages a team of employees for a company that is highly organized,well controlled,and high in employee satisfaction.In this situation,there is a greater need for a _ leader than a _ leader.

_______ refers to the tendency of people to do worse on simple tasks and better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and when their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

Deindividuation is defined as the feeling of anonymity that often leads to

For Halloween,Jeff wears a sheet and goes to a party as a ghost.How is this costume likely to influence his behaviour?

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has good relationships with subordinates,is perceived as powerful,and directs structured and well-defined tasks.

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual,if chosen by most people,has harmful effects on everyone is called

Jennifer is the leader of a college student group whose goal is to steal the mascot of a rival university the week before the big football game.In planning the heist,Jennifer should _______ to prevent groupthink and ensure that her group is successful in devising the best possible plan.

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?

The phenomenon of groupthink is most likely to occur when a group is under stress,highly _,and when the leader is very _.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 8: Group Processes

In order to avoid the phenomenon of groupthink,the leader of a group should

Integrative solutions are

Robert Zajonc (1965)wrote an influential article in which he posited a theoretical explanation for the social facilitation effect.Elegantly simple,this explanation included what two steps?

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting and professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

Negotiation as a means of resolving conflict doesn't work as often as it might because in most conflicts

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has poor relationships with subordinates and directs tasks that are not clearly defined.

_______ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

James manages a team of employees for a company that is highly organized,well controlled,and high in employee satisfaction.In this situation,there is a greater need for a _______ leader than a _______ leader.

_______ refers to the tendency of people to do worse on simple tasks and better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and when their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

Deindividuation is defined as the feeling of anonymity that often leads to

For Halloween,Jeff wears a sheet and goes to a party as a ghost.How is this costume likely to influence his behaviour?

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has good relationships with subordinates,is perceived as powerful,and directs structured and well-defined tasks.

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual,if chosen by most people,has harmful effects on everyone is called

Jennifer is the leader of a college student group whose goal is to steal the mascot of a rival university the week before the big football game.In planning the heist,Jennifer should _______ to prevent groupthink and ensure that her group is successful in devising the best possible plan.

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?

The phenomenon of groupthink is most likely to occur when a group is under stress,highly _______,and when the leader is very _______.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

James manages a team of employees for a company that is highly organized,well controlled,and high in employee satisfaction.In this situation,there is a greater need for a _ leader than a _ leader.

The phenomenon of groupthink is most likely to occur when a group is under stress,highly _,and when the leader is very _.