Question 1

An infant who is using social referencing would learn:

Accepted Answer

A) not to crawl down a steep incline by seeing another infant fall. 
B) to crawl around an obstacle by seeing an adult crawl around the obstacle. 
C) to avoid crawling off the side of a bed by seeing an adult's fearful facial expression. 
D) to crawl more quickly because her parents provide a lot of encouragement. 
A) not to crawl down a steep incline by seeing another infant fall. 
B) to crawl around an obstacle by seeing an adult crawl around the obstacle. 
C) to avoid crawling off the side of a bed by seeing an adult's fearful facial expression. 
D) to crawl more quickly because her parents provide a lot of encouragement.

Question 2

Which development has been described as children no longer having "to wait for the world to come to them"?

Accepted Answer

A) crawling 
B) reaching 
C) walking 
D) stepping 
A) crawling 
B) reaching 
C) walking 
D) stepping

Question 3

A father puts his 5-month-old infant in his crib and then leaves the room. With which of the following statements would Piaget be MOST likely to agree?

Accepted Answer

A) The infant can mentally represent his father. 
B) The infant fails to comprehend that his father still exists. 
C) The infant knows that his father still exists but cannot remember what his father looks like. 
D) The infant knows that his father still exists but does not know how to get his father to come back in her room. 
A) The infant can mentally represent his father. 
B) The infant fails to comprehend that his father still exists. 
C) The infant knows that his father still exists but cannot remember what his father looks like. 
D) The infant knows that his father still exists but does not know how to get his father to come back in her room.

Question 4

An infant's sibling always jumps off his bed with a loud bang when he wakes up from his nap. He then comes downstairs and greets the infant with a tickle, making the infant laugh and cough reflexively. Eventually, the infant begins to laugh and cough reflexively when he hears the bang, even before he sees his brother. In this scenario, the loud bang is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) unconditioned response. 
A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) unconditioned response.

Question 5

Piaget developed his concept of object permanence by observing:

Accepted Answer

A) young infants' expectation that objects continue to exist even when hidden. 
B) young infants' failure to search for hidden objects. 
C) young children's expectation that objects continue to exist even when hidden. 
D) young children's failure to attempt to move permanently attached objects. 
A) young infants' expectation that objects continue to exist even when hidden. 
B) young infants' failure to search for hidden objects. 
C) young children's expectation that objects continue to exist even when hidden. 
D) young children's failure to attempt to move permanently attached objects.

Question 6

The study in which infants were first presented with a cube and then were presented with the same cube and a larger cube that was located farther away demonstrated that infants:

Accepted Answer

A) are unable to form memories about the relative size of objects. 
B) do not need visual experience for the development of size constancy. 
C) are influenced by the retinal size of an image to a greater extent than are adults. 
D) fail to differentiate between objects that are located a varying distances. 
A) are unable to form memories about the relative size of objects. 
B) do not need visual experience for the development of size constancy. 
C) are influenced by the retinal size of an image to a greater extent than are adults. 
D) fail to differentiate between objects that are located a varying distances.

Question 7

The violation-of-expectancy procedure provides evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A) young infants' knowledge is limited to what they know. 
B) young infants can represent and think about invisible objects. 
C) when an object disappears from sight, it disappears from a young infant's mind. 
D) young infants are most influenced by observational learning. 
A) young infants' knowledge is limited to what they know. 
B) young infants can represent and think about invisible objects. 
C) when an object disappears from sight, it disappears from a young infant's mind. 
D) young infants are most influenced by observational learning.

Question 8

Pioneered by Robert Fantz, this is a method for studying visual attention in infants.

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual consistency 
B) visual acuity 
C) preferential-looking technique 
D) auditory localization 
A) perceptual consistency 
B) visual acuity 
C) preferential-looking technique 
D) auditory localization

Question 9

Which of the following statements about statistical learning and perceptual learning is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Both statistical learning and perceptual learning involve learning from the regularity in the environment. 
B) Statistical learning involves learning from the regularity in the environment, and perceptual learning involves learning from the irregular events that occur in the environment. 
C) Both statistical learning and perceptual learning involve learning from events that always occur simultaneously. 
D) Statistical learning involves learning from events that always occur simultaneously, and perceptual learning involves learning from events that sometimes occur simultaneously. 
A) Both statistical learning and perceptual learning involve learning from the regularity in the environment. 
B) Statistical learning involves learning from the regularity in the environment, and perceptual learning involves learning from the irregular events that occur in the environment. 
C) Both statistical learning and perceptual learning involve learning from events that always occur simultaneously. 
D) Statistical learning involves learning from events that always occur simultaneously, and perceptual learning involves learning from events that sometimes occur simultaneously.

Question 10

is NOT part of the social knowledge of a typical 15-month-old.

Accepted Answer

A) An understanding that adults' behavior is goal directed 
B) The belief that only humans can have intentions and goals 
C) The ability to make inferences about what other people will do based on their knowledge of what the person knows 
D) All of the answers are part of the social knowledge of a typical 15-month-old. 
A) An understanding that adults' behavior is goal directed 
B) The belief that only humans can have intentions and goals 
C) The ability to make inferences about what other people will do based on their knowledge of what the person knows 
D) All of the answers are part of the social knowledge of a typical 15-month-old.

Question 11

Most neonatal reflexes:

Accepted Answer

A) disappear on a regular schedule. 
B) remain throughout life. 
C) have no discernible benefit. 
D) are related to hunger. 
A) disappear on a regular schedule. 
B) remain throughout life. 
C) have no discernible benefit. 
D) are related to hunger.

Question 12

is(are) indicative of a possible neurological problem.

Accepted Answer

A) Existence of the tonic neck reflex 
B) Persistence of any neonatal reflexes past infancy 
C) An abnormally strong sucking reflex 
D) Persistence of the grasping reflex beyond when it is expected to disappear 
E) Both A and B
F)Both C and D 
A) Existence of the tonic neck reflex 
B) Persistence of any neonatal reflexes past infancy 
C) An abnormally strong sucking reflex 
D) Persistence of the grasping reflex beyond when it is expected to disappear 
E) Both A and B
F)Both C and D

Question 13

Binocular disparity results from:

Accepted Answer

A) poor visual memory. 
B) the distance between a person's two eyes. 
C) background occlusion. 
D) the difference between close items and faraway
items. 
A) poor visual memory. 
B) the distance between a person's two eyes. 
C) background occlusion. 
D) the difference between close items and faraway
items.

Question 14

Baby Lynn, 2 months old, wants to get her hands on the rattle and other toys; however, all she can do is make very clumsy swiping movements in the general vicinity of the toys. This movement is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) self-locomotion. 
B) rooting reflex. 
C) optical expansion. 
D) prereaching movements. 
A) self-locomotion. 
B) rooting reflex. 
C) optical expansion. 
D) prereaching movements.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes researchers' current view of young infants' ability to mentally represent objects?

Accepted Answer

A) Young infants are able to mentally represent objects, but they do not have any expectations about the behavior of objects that are out of sight. 
B) Young infants are able to mentally represent objects, but they are unable to act on these mental representations. 
C) Young infants are able to mentally represent objects and to act on these mental representations. 
D) Young infants are unable to mentally represent
objects. 
A) Young infants are able to mentally represent objects, but they do not have any expectations about the behavior of objects that are out of sight. 
B) Young infants are able to mentally represent objects, but they are unable to act on these mental representations. 
C) Young infants are able to mentally represent objects and to act on these mental representations. 
D) Young infants are unable to mentally represent
objects.

Question 16

Which of the following approaches do many current theorists of motor development, including Esther Thelen, take?

Accepted Answer

A) dynamic-systems approach 
B) evolutionary approach 
C) Piagetian approach 
D) changing-modules approach 
A) dynamic-systems approach 
B) evolutionary approach 
C) Piagetian approach 
D) changing-modules approach

Question 17

Which of the following depth perception cues is the last to develop?

Accepted Answer

A) binocular disparity 
B) perceptual constancy 
C) optical expansion 
D) relative size 
A) binocular disparity 
B) perceptual constancy 
C) optical expansion 
D) relative size

Question 18

The greatest worry of parents who are concerned about the habituation effect of their children watching violent acts on television is that that their children will:

Accepted Answer

A) learn how to commit violent acts. 
B) cease to be shocked by violence. 
C) become angered by the violence. 
D) look up to violent people as role models. 
A) learn how to commit violent acts. 
B) cease to be shocked by violence. 
C) become angered by the violence. 
D) look up to violent people as role models.

Question 19

How clearly an individual can see is referred to as her visual:

Accepted Answer

A) contrast. 
B) scanning ability. 
C) acuity. 
D) constancy. 
A) contrast. 
B) scanning ability. 
C) acuity. 
D) constancy.

Question 20

Although Piaget claimed young infants could not mentally represent or think about anything that is not perceptually present, subsequent research has shown that young infants can represent invisible objects. Researchers have shown that infants as young as 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 months old look longer at impossible events than at possible events. This research procedure is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) means-end problem solving. 
B) conditioned response. 
C) violation-of-expectancy. 
D) object-permanence testing. 
A) means-end problem solving. 
B) conditioned response. 
C) violation-of-expectancy. 
D) object-permanence testing.

An infant who is using social referencing would learn:

Which development has been described as children no longer having "to wait for the world to come to them"?

A father puts his 5-month-old infant in his crib and then leaves the room. With which of the following statements would Piaget be MOST likely to agree?

Piaget developed his concept of object permanence by observing:

The study in which infants were first presented with a cube and then were presented with the same cube and a larger cube that was located farther away demonstrated that infants:

The violation-of-expectancy procedure provides evidence that:

Pioneered by Robert Fantz, this is a method for studying visual attention in infants.

Which of the following statements about statistical learning and perceptual learning is true?

is NOT part of the social knowledge of a typical 15-month-old.

Most neonatal reflexes:

is(are) indicative of a possible neurological problem.

Binocular disparity results from:

Baby Lynn, 2 months old, wants to get her hands on the rattle and other toys; however, all she can do is make very clumsy swiping movements in the general vicinity of the toys. This movement is known as:

Which of the following statements best describes researchers' current view of young infants' ability to mentally represent objects?

Which of the following approaches do many current theorists of motor development, including Esther Thelen, take?

Which of the following depth perception cues is the last to develop?

The greatest worry of parents who are concerned about the habituation effect of their children watching violent acts on television is that that their children will:

How clearly an individual can see is referred to as her visual:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 5: Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

An infant who is using social referencing would learn:

Which development has been described as children no longer having "to wait for the world to come to them"?

A father puts his 5-month-old infant in his crib and then leaves the room. With which of the following statements would Piaget be MOST likely to agree?

Piaget developed his concept of object permanence by observing:

The study in which infants were first presented with a cube and then were presented with the same cube and a larger cube that was located farther away demonstrated that infants:

The violation-of-expectancy procedure provides evidence that:

Pioneered by Robert Fantz, this is a method for studying visual attention in infants.

Which of the following statements about statistical learning and perceptual learning is true?

is NOT part of the social knowledge of a typical 15-month-old.

Most neonatal reflexes:

is(are) indicative of a possible neurological problem.

Binocular disparity results from:

Baby Lynn, 2 months old, wants to get her hands on the rattle and other toys; however, all she can do is make very clumsy swiping movements in the general vicinity of the toys. This movement is known as:

Which of the following statements best describes researchers' current view of young infants' ability to mentally represent objects?

Which of the following approaches do many current theorists of motor development, including Esther Thelen, take?

Which of the following depth perception cues is the last to develop?

The greatest worry of parents who are concerned about the habituation effect of their children watching violent acts on television is that that their children will:

How clearly an individual can see is referred to as her visual:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters