Exam 4: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

How does stress affect early brain development?

Freud claimed that during the anal stage:

Secure attachment makes a toddler:

Like Freud, Erikson argued that problems and conflicts that arise in early childhood could adversely affect one's adult personality.

A 12-month-old boy who clings anxiously to his mother and cries loudly every time the mother moves toward the door is probably demonstrating ______ attachment.

It has been shown that babies are often unaffected by and immune to parental stress.

In the study comparing children in rural Cameroon with children from urban Greece, which children were observed spending the greatest time being held by their mothers?

According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference that may be used later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a:

Compare proximal and distal parenting practices. What are the outcomes of each type? What might motivate parents to engage in one type over the other?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of nonmaternal infant care?

At six weeks of age, baby Jessica's newest emotional reaction is MOST likely to be:

An example of synchrony is the interaction that occurs when a father makes a silly face and his infant widens her eyes in surprise.

A sign of secure attachment is when a child:

Nine-month-old Taran explores new environments when his mother is present but shows distress when his mother leaves the room. Taran's behavior illustrates a(n) _____ attachment.

Social interactions are the only foundations for emotional growth.

Josh is 15 months old. His parents are happy in their marriage and financially stable. Most likely, Josh's attachment type will be:

Emotional reactions, especially those connected to self- awareness, are partially dependent upon:

Research on the role of fathers and mothers in infant care reveals that they cooperate and complement each other in a well-functioning family; however, mothers tend to be the usual _____.

A type of care in which several paid, trained providers care for many children in a space designed especially for the purpose of day care is called:

The New York Longitudinal Study identifies children as belonging to one of nine categories based on their inborn temperamental traits.