Question 1

Which of the following is an example of the "centered" thinking of young children?

Accepted Answer

A) They report that a tall and narrow beaker has more water than a shorter and wider beaker even when the amount of water is the same. 
B) They describe the view in a farm scene from the perspective of a familiar character. 
C) They attribute different insides to animate vs. inanimate objects. 
D) They think systematically about cause and effect. 
A) They report that a tall and narrow beaker has more water than a shorter and wider beaker even when the amount of water is the same. 
B) They describe the view in a farm scene from the perspective of a familiar character. 
C) They attribute different insides to animate vs. inanimate objects. 
D) They think systematically about cause and effect.

Question 2

According to information­processing theorists, control processes:

Accepted Answer

A) hold information temporarily and execute operations. 
B) are a relatively permanent storehouse of knowledge and strategies. 
C) plan and run each phase of information processing. 
D) log in environmental input. 
A) hold information temporarily and execute operations. 
B) are a relatively permanent storehouse of knowledge and strategies. 
C) plan and run each phase of information processing. 
D) log in environmental input.

Question 3

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between brain development and culturally organized activities in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A) Brain development is not influenced by experience. 
B) Cultural emphasis on activities such as language and spatial skills can promote brain growth in the associated cortical areas. 
C) Brain development is only influenced by cultural activities that impact nutrition and health. 
D) Experience can influence myelination processes, but not synaptic development. 
A) Brain development is not influenced by experience. 
B) Cultural emphasis on activities such as language and spatial skills can promote brain growth in the associated cortical areas. 
C) Brain development is only influenced by cultural activities that impact nutrition and health. 
D) Experience can influence myelination processes, but not synaptic development.

Question 4

How does understanding the appearance/reality distinction help to explain cognitive development in the preschool period? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Understanding the appearance/reality dis

Question 5

Limitations in children's problem solving can be explained by low levels of myelination in the hippocampus, which supports working memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Give an example of a false belief task. What does children's performance on this task indicate about their development? What does autistic children's performance on the false belief task suggest?

Accepted Answer

An example of a false belief task is the

Question 7

The term privileged domain refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) calm and quiet physical spaces, such as gardens, that allow children to reflect on complex problems. 
B) specific areas of knowledge acquisition that are most important for later academic achievement. 
C) areas of knowledge acquisition that have evolutionary significance, such as physics. 
D) general properties of intellectual thought, such as memory. 
A) calm and quiet physical spaces, such as gardens, that allow children to reflect on complex problems. 
B) specific areas of knowledge acquisition that are most important for later academic achievement. 
C) areas of knowledge acquisition that have evolutionary significance, such as physics. 
D) general properties of intellectual thought, such as memory.

Question 8

Bullock and Gelman demonstrated that when causation problems are simplified, preschoolers can:

Accepted Answer

A) understand causation. 
B) correctly answer verbal problems. 
C) still not give any causal explanation at age 5. 
D) understand causation and give explanations by age 3. 
A) understand causation. 
B) correctly answer verbal problems. 
C) still not give any causal explanation at age 5. 
D) understand causation and give explanations by age 3.

Question 9

Describe and discuss the functions of scripts in the thinking processes of preschool­aged children. Give two examples.

Accepted Answer

Scripts play a crucial role in the think

Question 10

Describe a classic Piagetian experiment that he used to illustrate the differences between preoperational and concrete operational thought.

Accepted Answer

One classic Piagetian experiment that il

Question 11

According to Helen Borke, 3­year­old Hannah is MORE likely to solve a perspective­taking problem correctly:

Accepted Answer

A) if the task involves familiar objects. 
B) when she turns 4. 
C) if instructions involve actions rather than words. 
D) if the perspectives are clearly differentiated. 
A) if the task involves familiar objects. 
B) when she turns 4. 
C) if instructions involve actions rather than words. 
D) if the perspectives are clearly differentiated.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key component in understanding the domain of biology?

Accepted Answer

A) understanding the difference between living and nonliving things 
B) understanding the concept of heredity 
C) understanding a theory of mind 
D) understanding the divisions of species 
A) understanding the difference between living and nonliving things 
B) understanding the concept of heredity 
C) understanding a theory of mind 
D) understanding the divisions of species

Question 13

According to Helen Borke, 3­year­old Hannah is more likely to solve a perspective­taking problem correctly if the task involves familiar objects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe autistic children's reasoning about physical and psychological events. How does a modularity account of development explain these results? What evidence exists to suggest that this view may not be entirely accurate?

Accepted Answer

Autistic children's reasoning about phys

Question 15

Some evidence that 3­year­old children can engage in decentered thinking comes from their performance on:

Accepted Answer

A) standard false belief tasks. 
B) the standard three­mountain task. 
C) standard appearance­reality tasks. 
D) modifications of standard Pi getian tasks. 
A) standard false belief tasks. 
B) the standard three­mountain task. 
C) standard appearance­reality tasks. 
D) modifications of standard Pi getian tasks.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of short­ term memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Information is stored for several days. 
B) Information is stored for several seconds. 
C) It is continually monitored by control processes. 
D) New information is combined with knowledge from long­term memory. 
A) Information is stored for several days. 
B) Information is stored for several seconds. 
C) It is continually monitored by control processes. 
D) New information is combined with knowledge from long­term memory.

Question 17

Massey and Gelman's investigation of children's ability to differentiate between animate and inanimate kinds yielded which of the following results?

Accepted Answer

A) Children attributed self­initiated movement to living creatures, but not nonliving objects. 
B) Children attributed self­initiated movement to both living and non­living things. 
C) Children attributed self­initiated movement on the basis of whether or not an item had legs/feet rather than on the basis of life status. 
D) Children did not attribute self­initiated movement to any of the items tested. 
A) Children attributed self­initiated movement to living creatures, but not nonliving objects. 
B) Children attributed self­initiated movement to both living and non­living things. 
C) Children attributed self­initiated movement on the basis of whether or not an item had legs/feet rather than on the basis of life status. 
D) Children did not attribute self­initiated movement to any of the items tested.

Question 18

Explain how Piaget's research techniques may have led him to underestimate the cognitive competence of young children's causal reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's research techniques may have le

Question 19

Describe several ways in which the unevenness of child development is influenced by culture. Explain.

Accepted Answer

The unevenness of child development is i

Question 20

Trace the development of "theory of mind" in young children (i.e., How do 2­year­olds, 3­year­olds, and 4­ year­olds think about other people's mental states?). What evidence is there that autistic children have special difficulty in this area?

Accepted Answer

The development of "theory of mind" in y

Which of the following is an example of the "centered" thinking of young children?

According to informationprocessing theorists, control processes:

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between brain development and culturally organized activities in early childhood?

How does understanding the appearance/reality distinction help to explain cognitive development in the preschool period? Explain.

Limitations in children's problem solving can be explained by low levels of myelination in the hippocampus, which supports working memory.

Give an example of a false belief task. What does children's performance on this task indicate about their development? What does autistic children's performance on the false belief task suggest?

The term privileged domain refers to:

Bullock and Gelman demonstrated that when causation problems are simplified, preschoolers can:

Describe and discuss the functions of scripts in the thinking processes of preschoolaged children. Give two examples.

Describe a classic Piagetian experiment that he used to illustrate the differences between preoperational and concrete operational thought.

According to Helen Borke, 3yearold Hannah is MORE likely to solve a perspectivetaking problem correctly:

Which of the following is a key component in understanding the domain of biology?

According to Helen Borke, 3yearold Hannah is more likely to solve a perspectivetaking problem correctly if the task involves familiar objects.

Describe autistic children's reasoning about physical and psychological events. How does a modularity account of development explain these results? What evidence exists to suggest that this view may not be entirely accurate?

Some evidence that 3yearold children can engage in decentered thinking comes from their performance on:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of short term memory?

Massey and Gelman's investigation of children's ability to differentiate between animate and inanimate kinds yielded which of the following results?

Explain how Piaget's research techniques may have led him to underestimate the cognitive competence of young children's causal reasoning.

Describe several ways in which the unevenness of child development is influenced by culture. Explain.

Trace the development of "theory of mind" in young children (i.e., How do 2yearolds, 3yearolds, and 4 yearolds think about other people's mental states?). What evidence is there that autistic children have special difficulty in this area?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

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Exam 8: Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Which of the following is an example of the "centered" thinking of young children?

According to information­processing theorists, control processes:

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between brain development and culturally organized activities in early childhood?

How does understanding the appearance/reality distinction help to explain cognitive development in the preschool period? Explain.

Limitations in children's problem solving can be explained by low levels of myelination in the hippocampus, which supports working memory.

Give an example of a false belief task. What does children's performance on this task indicate about their development? What does autistic children's performance on the false belief task suggest?

The term privileged domain refers to:

Bullock and Gelman demonstrated that when causation problems are simplified, preschoolers can:

Describe and discuss the functions of scripts in the thinking processes of preschool­aged children. Give two examples.

Describe a classic Piagetian experiment that he used to illustrate the differences between preoperational and concrete operational thought.

According to Helen Borke, 3­year­old Hannah is MORE likely to solve a perspective­taking problem correctly:

Which of the following is a key component in understanding the domain of biology?

According to Helen Borke, 3­year­old Hannah is more likely to solve a perspective­taking problem correctly if the task involves familiar objects.

Describe autistic children's reasoning about physical and psychological events. How does a modularity account of development explain these results? What evidence exists to suggest that this view may not be entirely accurate?

Some evidence that 3­year­old children can engage in decentered thinking comes from their performance on:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of short­ term memory?

Massey and Gelman's investigation of children's ability to differentiate between animate and inanimate kinds yielded which of the following results?

Explain how Piaget's research techniques may have led him to underestimate the cognitive competence of young children's causal reasoning.

Describe several ways in which the unevenness of child development is influenced by culture. Explain.

Trace the development of "theory of mind" in young children (i.e., How do 2­year­olds, 3­year­olds, and 4­ year­olds think about other people's mental states?). What evidence is there that autistic children have special difficulty in this area?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

According to informationprocessing theorists, control processes:

Describe and discuss the functions of scripts in the thinking processes of preschoolaged children. Give two examples.

According to Helen Borke, 3yearold Hannah is MORE likely to solve a perspectivetaking problem correctly:

According to Helen Borke, 3yearold Hannah is more likely to solve a perspectivetaking problem correctly if the task involves familiar objects.

Some evidence that 3yearold children can engage in decentered thinking comes from their performance on:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of short term memory?

Trace the development of "theory of mind" in young children (i.e., How do 2yearolds, 3yearolds, and 4 yearolds think about other people's mental states?). What evidence is there that autistic children have special difficulty in this area?