Question 1

Autism is a disorder defined primarily by:

Accepted Answer

A) mental retardation. 
B) an inability to relate normally to other people. 
C) extreme anxiety. 
D) stage­like development. 
A) mental retardation. 
B) an inability to relate normally to other people. 
C) extreme anxiety. 
D) stage­like development.

Question 2

According to information­processing theorists, development:

Accepted Answer

A) proceeds in a stage­like manner. 
B) occurs because of changes in strategy use lead to gradual shifts in behavior. 
C) is guided by one's cultural context. 
D) occurs because of changes in innate modules of knowledge. 
A) proceeds in a stage­like manner. 
B) occurs because of changes in strategy use lead to gradual shifts in behavior. 
C) is guided by one's cultural context. 
D) occurs because of changes in innate modules of knowledge.

Question 3

Describe three possible explanations for how children might acquire privileged domain knowledge. How are these theories similar and how are they different?

Accepted Answer

There are three possible explanations fo

Question 4

The cultural­context perspective is most compatible with the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A) children construct domain­specific theories that are influenced by specific experiences. 
B) innate capabilities do not make a significant contribution to development. 
C) children undergo generalized transformations as they progress throughout the stages of development. 
D) preschool­aged children engage in illogical thinking but that characteristic will not be evident in middle childhood and adolescence. 
A) children construct domain­specific theories that are influenced by specific experiences. 
B) innate capabilities do not make a significant contribution to development. 
C) children undergo generalized transformations as they progress throughout the stages of development. 
D) preschool­aged children engage in illogical thinking but that characteristic will not be evident in middle childhood and adolescence.

Question 5

Explain the importance of limited capacity and short­ term memory to information­processing theories.

Accepted Answer

Limited capacity and short-term memory a

Question 6

The thinking of children between ages 2 and 5 wobbles back and forth between all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) logic and magic. 
B) insight and ignorance. 
C) object permanence and abstract reasoning. 
D) reasoned and unreasonable. 
A) logic and magic. 
B) insight and ignorance. 
C) object permanence and abstract reasoning. 
D) reasoned and unreasonable.

Question 7

Piaget's reliance on children's verbal explanations of their reasoning may have:

Accepted Answer

A) been too simplistic for young children. 
B) been appropriate for false­belief tasks but not for perspective­taking tasks. 
C) led him to focus too much attention on egocentric thinking in young children. 
D) led him to underestimate their causal reasoning abilities. 
A) been too simplistic for young children. 
B) been appropriate for false­belief tasks but not for perspective­taking tasks. 
C) led him to focus too much attention on egocentric thinking in young children. 
D) led him to underestimate their causal reasoning abilities.

Question 8

What pattern of responses has been found when experimenters ask young children questions regarding appearance/reality distinctions?

Accepted Answer

A) Three­year­olds answer incorrectly while 4­year­ olds do not. 
B) Three­ and 4­year­olds answer incorrectly and 6­ year­olds answer correctly. 
C) Three­year­olds answer incorrectly, while 4­year­ olds are confused and sometimes answer correctly and sometimes incorrectly; however, 6­year­olds answer correctly. 
D) Three­year­olds answer incorrectly; however, by the age of 9, children still sometimes answer incorrectly. 
A) Three­year­olds answer incorrectly while 4­year­ olds do not. 
B) Three­ and 4­year­olds answer incorrectly and 6­ year­olds answer correctly. 
C) Three­year­olds answer incorrectly, while 4­year­ olds are confused and sometimes answer correctly and sometimes incorrectly; however, 6­year­olds answer correctly. 
D) Three­year­olds answer incorrectly; however, by the age of 9, children still sometimes answer incorrectly.

Question 9

Describe how modifications to a Piagetian task result in children's improved performance on that task.

Accepted Answer

Modifications to a Piagetian task can re

Question 10

Autistic children outperform typically developing children on tasks that involve reasoning about:

Accepted Answer

A) physical interactions between people and objects. 
B) interactions among people. 
C) thoughts and inner emotions. 
D) biological functioning. 
A) physical interactions between people and objects. 
B) interactions among people. 
C) thoughts and inner emotions. 
D) biological functioning.

Question 11

Halloween is likely to be frightening to 3­year­olds because:

Accepted Answer

A) most 3­year­olds are afraid of the dark. 
B) at that age, many children are afraid of strangers. 
C) a child that age has difficulty distinguishing appearance from reality. 
D) a 3­year­old is likely to believe that a mask can transform whatever it is covering. 
A) most 3­year­olds are afraid of the dark. 
B) at that age, many children are afraid of strangers. 
C) a child that age has difficulty distinguishing appearance from reality. 
D) a 3­year­old is likely to believe that a mask can transform whatever it is covering.

Question 12

When asked what a stone that appeared to be an egg looked like and what it really was, a 3­year­old would say it was a(n) ____________, a 4­year­old would say it was a(an) ____________, and a 6­year­old would say it was a(n) ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) egg; stone; stone 
B) egg; egg; egg 
C) stone; egg sometimes and stone sometimes; stone 
D) egg; egg sometimes and stone sometimes; stone 
A) egg; stone; stone 
B) egg; egg; egg 
C) stone; egg sometimes and stone sometimes; stone 
D) egg; egg sometimes and stone sometimes; stone

Question 13

Children who take music lessons have advantages over other children in memory capacity and IQ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Modularity theorists see change as coming from:

Accepted Answer

A) factors inside the child. 
B) factors outside the child. 
C) the interactions of culture and biology. 
D) the interactions of schemas and the environment. 
A) factors inside the child. 
B) factors outside the child. 
C) the interactions of culture and biology. 
D) the interactions of schemas and the environment.

Question 15

Which of the following BEST describes the growth of the brain during early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A) Brain growth is extremely rapid. 
B) Brain growth is relatively modest. 
C) Myelination decreases, but synaptic pruning increases. 
D) Myelination increases, but synaptic pruning decreases. 
A) Brain growth is extremely rapid. 
B) Brain growth is relatively modest. 
C) Myelination decreases, but synaptic pruning increases. 
D) Myelination increases, but synaptic pruning decreases.

Question 16

When asked what a sponge that appeared to be a rock looked like and what it really was, a 3­year­old who said it looked like a rock, would say it really was a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) rock 
B) sponge 
C) pretend rock 
D) pretend sponge 
A) rock 
B) sponge 
C) pretend rock 
D) pretend sponge

Question 17

Describe a task in which children's so­called "theory of mind" was tested. How do children of different ages perform on this task? Based on these results, what can be concluded about children's developing understanding of psychology? How does the modularity approach explain autism?

Accepted Answer

One task that tests children's theory of

Question 18

Four­year­old Peter's high motor drive is best demonstrated when he:

Accepted Answer

A) puts on his shoes and socks by himself. 
B) spends 15 minutes practicing his newly developed ability to cut paper with scissors. 
C) uses a spoon to effectively eat his lunch. 
D) asks his older sister to help him button his shirt. 
A) puts on his shoes and socks by himself. 
B) spends 15 minutes practicing his newly developed ability to cut paper with scissors. 
C) uses a spoon to effectively eat his lunch. 
D) asks his older sister to help him button his shirt.

Question 19

Three­year­old children who watch as a sugar cube is dissolved in a glass of water will claim that the sugar no longer exists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Cross­cultural research on the effect of language on privileged domains reveals:

Accepted Answer

A) a wide variety in the way people of different cultures talk about privileged domains. 
B) mixed evidence about whether language differences affect the development of naïve psychology. 
C) participating in everyday activities is vital for developing thinking in privileged domains. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) a wide variety in the way people of different cultures talk about privileged domains. 
B) mixed evidence about whether language differences affect the development of naïve psychology. 
C) participating in everyday activities is vital for developing thinking in privileged domains. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Autism is a disorder defined primarily by:

According to informationprocessing theorists, development:

Describe three possible explanations for how children might acquire privileged domain knowledge. How are these theories similar and how are they different?

The culturalcontext perspective is most compatible with the idea that:

Explain the importance of limited capacity and short term memory to informationprocessing theories.

The thinking of children between ages 2 and 5 wobbles back and forth between all of the following EXCEPT:

Piaget's reliance on children's verbal explanations of their reasoning may have:

What pattern of responses has been found when experimenters ask young children questions regarding appearance/reality distinctions?

Describe how modifications to a Piagetian task result in children's improved performance on that task.

Autistic children outperform typically developing children on tasks that involve reasoning about:

Halloween is likely to be frightening to 3yearolds because:

When asked what a stone that appeared to be an egg looked like and what it really was, a 3yearold would say it was a(n) , a 4yearold would say it was a(an) , and a 6yearold would say it was a(n) .

Children who take music lessons have advantages over other children in memory capacity and IQ.

Modularity theorists see change as coming from:

Which of the following BEST describes the growth of the brain during early childhood?

When asked what a sponge that appeared to be a rock looked like and what it really was, a 3yearold who said it looked like a rock, would say it really was a ____________.

Describe a task in which children's socalled "theory of mind" was tested. How do children of different ages perform on this task? Based on these results, what can be concluded about children's developing understanding of psychology? How does the modularity approach explain autism?

Fouryearold Peter's high motor drive is best demonstrated when he:

Threeyearold children who watch as a sugar cube is dissolved in a glass of water will claim that the sugar no longer exists.

Crosscultural research on the effect of language on privileged domains reveals:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

Exam 8: Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

Autism is a disorder defined primarily by:

According to information­processing theorists, development:

Describe three possible explanations for how children might acquire privileged domain knowledge. How are these theories similar and how are they different?

The cultural­context perspective is most compatible with the idea that:

Explain the importance of limited capacity and short­ term memory to information­processing theories.

The thinking of children between ages 2 and 5 wobbles back and forth between all of the following EXCEPT:

Piaget's reliance on children's verbal explanations of their reasoning may have:

What pattern of responses has been found when experimenters ask young children questions regarding appearance/reality distinctions?

Describe how modifications to a Piagetian task result in children's improved performance on that task.

Autistic children outperform typically developing children on tasks that involve reasoning about:

Halloween is likely to be frightening to 3­year­olds because:

When asked what a stone that appeared to be an egg looked like and what it really was, a 3­year­old would say it was a(n) ____________, a 4­year­old would say it was a(an) ____________, and a 6­year­old would say it was a(n) ____________.

Children who take music lessons have advantages over other children in memory capacity and IQ.

Modularity theorists see change as coming from:

Which of the following BEST describes the growth of the brain during early childhood?

When asked what a sponge that appeared to be a rock looked like and what it really was, a 3­year­old who said it looked like a rock, would say it really was a ____________.

Describe a task in which children's so­called "theory of mind" was tested. How do children of different ages perform on this task? Based on these results, what can be concluded about children's developing understanding of psychology? How does the modularity approach explain autism?

Four­year­old Peter's high motor drive is best demonstrated when he:

Three­year­old children who watch as a sugar cube is dissolved in a glass of water will claim that the sugar no longer exists.

Cross­cultural research on the effect of language on privileged domains reveals:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

According to informationprocessing theorists, development:

The culturalcontext perspective is most compatible with the idea that:

Explain the importance of limited capacity and short term memory to informationprocessing theories.

Halloween is likely to be frightening to 3yearolds because:

When asked what a stone that appeared to be an egg looked like and what it really was, a 3yearold would say it was a(n) , a 4yearold would say it was a(an) , and a 6yearold would say it was a(n) .

When asked what a sponge that appeared to be a rock looked like and what it really was, a 3yearold who said it looked like a rock, would say it really was a ____________.

Describe a task in which children's socalled "theory of mind" was tested. How do children of different ages perform on this task? Based on these results, what can be concluded about children's developing understanding of psychology? How does the modularity approach explain autism?

Fouryearold Peter's high motor drive is best demonstrated when he:

Threeyearold children who watch as a sugar cube is dissolved in a glass of water will claim that the sugar no longer exists.

Crosscultural research on the effect of language on privileged domains reveals: