Question 1

According to Katherine Nelson, children rarely experience the world in a "raw," disorganized manner because:

Accepted Answer

A) they experience the world through participating in scripted routines. 
B) domain­specific theories guide their experiences. 
C) they are constructing their understanding through assimilation and accommodation. 
D) they are born with innate capabilities to understand the world. 
A) they experience the world through participating in scripted routines. 
B) domain­specific theories guide their experiences. 
C) they are constructing their understanding through assimilation and accommodation. 
D) they are born with innate capabilities to understand the world.

Question 2

Kurt Fischer proposes that children's cognitive development is both gradual and stage­like. Which of the following options describes his idea of how this might work?

Accepted Answer

A) Children make steady progress in their reasoning skills across all domains. 
B) Children with high levels of social support undergo stage­like changes in their thinking, whereas those with low levels of support exhibit more continuous change. 
C) Children make abrupt changes in their thinking that reflect domain­specific insights. 
D) Children whose brains mature at a faster rate than those of their peers exhibit continuous changes, whereas those with more typical brain growth exhibit stage­like changes in thinking. 
A) Children make steady progress in their reasoning skills across all domains. 
B) Children with high levels of social support undergo stage­like changes in their thinking, whereas those with low levels of support exhibit more continuous change. 
C) Children make abrupt changes in their thinking that reflect domain­specific insights. 
D) Children whose brains mature at a faster rate than those of their peers exhibit continuous changes, whereas those with more typical brain growth exhibit stage­like changes in thinking.

Question 3

In one view, the event of taking a bath remains constant at all ages. In another view, the context in which this event occurs changes with development. Describe these two points of view and the implications of each developmental process.

Accepted Answer

The first point of view suggests that th

Question 4

The idea of the theory theory is that children are born with innate modules of knowledge that proceed to mature physically, leading to improved reasoning skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Children who were presented with a sponge shaped to look like a rock did not consider it to be useful for wiping up water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What are scripts? Who uses them? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

Scripts are written instructions or code

Question 7

Information­processing psychologists are united by a common view of capacity limitations, citing the causes of young children's difficulties as all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) limited memory. 
B) insufficient or uneven attention. 
C) no capacity for precausal reasoning. 
D) limited strategies for acquiring and using information. 
A) limited memory. 
B) insufficient or uneven attention. 
C) no capacity for precausal reasoning. 
D) limited strategies for acquiring and using information.

Question 8

Approximately what percent of U.S. families do not have access to enough food to ensure good health for all family members?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 percent 
B) 10 percent 
C) 20 percent 
D) 40 percent 
A) 5 percent 
B) 10 percent 
C) 20 percent 
D) 40 percent

Question 9

Research has identified several serious long­term effects of sleep deprivation in early childhood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Piaget described thinking during early childhood as centered.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Young children typically get much less sleep than recommended.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The Piagetian view of development and the cultural­ context view of development differ in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A) Only the Piagetian perspective views children as active participants in constructing their own knowledge of the world around them. 
B) Only the Piagetian perspective views innate capabilities as important contributors to developmental outcomes. 
C) Only the cultural­context perspective views development as being tied to the specific contexts within which a child develops. 
D) Only the cultural­context perspective views "nurture" and experiences as important contributors to developmental outcomes. 
A) Only the Piagetian perspective views children as active participants in constructing their own knowledge of the world around them. 
B) Only the Piagetian perspective views innate capabilities as important contributors to developmental outcomes. 
C) Only the cultural­context perspective views development as being tied to the specific contexts within which a child develops. 
D) Only the cultural­context perspective views "nurture" and experiences as important contributors to developmental outcomes.

Question 13

According to information­processing theorists, long­ term memory:

Accepted Answer

A) holds information temporarily and executes operations. 
B) is a relatively permanent storehouse of knowledge and strategies. 
C) plans and runs each phase of information processing. 
D) logs in environmental input. 
A) holds information temporarily and executes operations. 
B) is a relatively permanent storehouse of knowledge and strategies. 
C) plans and runs each phase of information processing. 
D) logs in environmental input.

Question 14

When compared to their performance on Piaget's classic "three­mountain­problem," children who were asked to reason about a more familiar farm scene:

Accepted Answer

A) exhibited greater limitations in taking the perspective of others. 
B) exhibited greater success at taking the perspective of others. 
C) were equally able to take the perspective of others. 
D) became distracted by the toys and failed to complete the task. 
A) exhibited greater limitations in taking the perspective of others. 
B) exhibited greater success at taking the perspective of others. 
C) were equally able to take the perspective of others. 
D) became distracted by the toys and failed to complete the task.

Question 15

Mental modules are:

Accepted Answer

A) innate mental faculties that mature to drive development. 
B) domain­specific principles that provide direction but require experience to reach potential. 
C) event schemas that specify the sequence of actions that make up an event. 
D) the different stages of development children go through as their reasoning skills mature. 
A) innate mental faculties that mature to drive development. 
B) domain­specific principles that provide direction but require experience to reach potential. 
C) event schemas that specify the sequence of actions that make up an event. 
D) the different stages of development children go through as their reasoning skills mature.

Question 16

Pediatricians recommend that young children get ____________ hours of sleep in a 24­hour period.

Accepted Answer

A) 6 to 8 
B) 8 to 10 
C) 10 to 12 
D) 12 to 15 
A) 6 to 8 
B) 8 to 10 
C) 10 to 12 
D) 12 to 15

Question 17

Which of the following options best describes the results of an investigation in which 3­ and 5­year­old children were asked to reason about the event that caused a Snoopy doll to pop out of a hole?

Accepted Answer

A) Children at both ages had difficulty identifying the correct causal event. 
B) Five­year­olds, but not 3­year­olds, were able to select the correct causal event. 
C) Children at both ages were able to select the correct causal event, but only 5­year­olds could provide relevant explanations. 
D) Children at both ages were able to select the correct causal event and provide relevant explanations. 
A) Children at both ages had difficulty identifying the correct causal event. 
B) Five­year­olds, but not 3­year­olds, were able to select the correct causal event. 
C) Children at both ages were able to select the correct causal event, but only 5­year­olds could provide relevant explanations. 
D) Children at both ages were able to select the correct causal event and provide relevant explanations.

Question 18

Define "mental modules," citing evidence supporting a modular view of development. What is the weakness of the modular view? What are the mechanisms of change in this view?

Accepted Answer

Mental modules refer to the idea that th

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a false belief from a test of a child's mental perspective taking?

Accepted Answer

A) A boy says that stones will become smaller when they are cooked. 
B) After being shown that a box contains pencils, a boy reports that a friend will think a box contains pencils even though it looks as if it contains candy. 
C) A girl reports that because graveyards are filled with dead people, graveyards cause people to die. 
D) After closely examining a sponge which has been made to look exactly like a rock, a girl reports that it looks like a sponge even when it looks more like a rock. 
A) A boy says that stones will become smaller when they are cooked. 
B) After being shown that a box contains pencils, a boy reports that a friend will think a box contains pencils even though it looks as if it contains candy. 
C) A girl reports that because graveyards are filled with dead people, graveyards cause people to die. 
D) After closely examining a sponge which has been made to look exactly like a rock, a girl reports that it looks like a sponge even when it looks more like a rock.

Question 20

According to Piaget, the stage in which children cannot decenter their thinking or think through the consequences of an action is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor stage. 
B) preoperational stage. 
C) concrete operational stage. 
D) formal operational stage. 
A) sensorimotor stage. 
B) preoperational stage. 
C) concrete operational stage. 
D) formal operational stage.

According to Katherine Nelson, children rarely experience the world in a "raw," disorganized manner because:

Kurt Fischer proposes that children's cognitive development is both gradual and stagelike. Which of the following options describes his idea of how this might work?

In one view, the event of taking a bath remains constant at all ages. In another view, the context in which this event occurs changes with development. Describe these two points of view and the implications of each developmental process.

The idea of the theory theory is that children are born with innate modules of knowledge that proceed to mature physically, leading to improved reasoning skills.

Children who were presented with a sponge shaped to look like a rock did not consider it to be useful for wiping up water.

What are scripts? Who uses them? Give examples.

Informationprocessing psychologists are united by a common view of capacity limitations, citing the causes of young children's difficulties as all of the following EXCEPT:

Approximately what percent of U.S. families do not have access to enough food to ensure good health for all family members?

Research has identified several serious longterm effects of sleep deprivation in early childhood.

Piaget described thinking during early childhood as centered.

Young children typically get much less sleep than recommended.

The Piagetian view of development and the cultural context view of development differ in which of the following ways?

According to informationprocessing theorists, long term memory:

When compared to their performance on Piaget's classic "threemountainproblem," children who were asked to reason about a more familiar farm scene:

Mental modules are:

Pediatricians recommend that young children get ____________ hours of sleep in a 24hour period.

Which of the following options best describes the results of an investigation in which 3 and 5yearold children were asked to reason about the event that caused a Snoopy doll to pop out of a hole?

Define "mental modules," citing evidence supporting a modular view of development. What is the weakness of the modular view? What are the mechanisms of change in this view?

Which of the following is an example of a false belief from a test of a child's mental perspective taking?

According to Piaget, the stage in which children cannot decenter their thinking or think through the consequences of an action is known as the:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

Exam 8: Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

According to Katherine Nelson, children rarely experience the world in a "raw," disorganized manner because:

Kurt Fischer proposes that children's cognitive development is both gradual and stage­like. Which of the following options describes his idea of how this might work?

In one view, the event of taking a bath remains constant at all ages. In another view, the context in which this event occurs changes with development. Describe these two points of view and the implications of each developmental process.

The idea of the theory theory is that children are born with innate modules of knowledge that proceed to mature physically, leading to improved reasoning skills.

Children who were presented with a sponge shaped to look like a rock did not consider it to be useful for wiping up water.

What are scripts? Who uses them? Give examples.

Information­processing psychologists are united by a common view of capacity limitations, citing the causes of young children's difficulties as all of the following EXCEPT:

Approximately what percent of U.S. families do not have access to enough food to ensure good health for all family members?

Research has identified several serious long­term effects of sleep deprivation in early childhood.

Piaget described thinking during early childhood as centered.

Young children typically get much less sleep than recommended.

The Piagetian view of development and the cultural­ context view of development differ in which of the following ways?

According to information­processing theorists, long­ term memory:

When compared to their performance on Piaget's classic "three­mountain­problem," children who were asked to reason about a more familiar farm scene:

Mental modules are:

Pediatricians recommend that young children get ____________ hours of sleep in a 24­hour period.

Which of the following options best describes the results of an investigation in which 3­ and 5­year­old children were asked to reason about the event that caused a Snoopy doll to pop out of a hole?

Define "mental modules," citing evidence supporting a modular view of development. What is the weakness of the modular view? What are the mechanisms of change in this view?

Which of the following is an example of a false belief from a test of a child's mental perspective taking?

According to Piaget, the stage in which children cannot decenter their thinking or think through the consequences of an action is known as the:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

Kurt Fischer proposes that children's cognitive development is both gradual and stagelike. Which of the following options describes his idea of how this might work?

Informationprocessing psychologists are united by a common view of capacity limitations, citing the causes of young children's difficulties as all of the following EXCEPT:

Research has identified several serious longterm effects of sleep deprivation in early childhood.

The Piagetian view of development and the cultural context view of development differ in which of the following ways?

According to informationprocessing theorists, long term memory:

When compared to their performance on Piaget's classic "threemountainproblem," children who were asked to reason about a more familiar farm scene:

Pediatricians recommend that young children get ____________ hours of sleep in a 24hour period.

Which of the following options best describes the results of an investigation in which 3 and 5yearold children were asked to reason about the event that caused a Snoopy doll to pop out of a hole?