Question 1

When John Flavell and his colleagues showed children objects that appeared to be one thing but were really another, they found that:

Accepted Answer

A) 5­year­olds were never fooled by the appearance of the objects. 
B) Chinese 3­year­olds were better able to distinguish appearance from reality. 
C) both American and Chinese 3­year­olds were able to solve the problem if given enough time. 
D) both American and Chinese 3­year­olds experienced similar difficulties distinguishing appearance from reality. 
A) 5­year­olds were never fooled by the appearance of the objects. 
B) Chinese 3­year­olds were better able to distinguish appearance from reality. 
C) both American and Chinese 3­year­olds were able to solve the problem if given enough time. 
D) both American and Chinese 3­year­olds experienced similar difficulties distinguishing appearance from reality.

Question 2

Micah, a boy with autism, sees a comic strip in which a girl grabs a milk carton and pours orange juice into a glass. When explaining this event, Micah would MOST likely say:

Accepted Answer

A) "She does not like milk." 
B) "She poured the orange juice." 
C) "She did not know orange juice was in the carton." 
D) "She is surprised to see orange juice." 
A) "She does not like milk." 
B) "She poured the orange juice." 
C) "She did not know orange juice was in the carton." 
D) "She is surprised to see orange juice."

Question 3

Research on the reliability of children's eyewitness testimony demonstrates that children are more accurate when which of the following conditions is met?

Accepted Answer

A) The event they are asked to recall is not emotionally intense. 
B) Interviewers provide candid information about the questioning process itself. 
C) The event occurred in the distant past. 
D) Children are asked the same question multiple times. 
A) The event they are asked to recall is not emotionally intense. 
B) Interviewers provide candid information about the questioning process itself. 
C) The event occurred in the distant past. 
D) Children are asked the same question multiple times.

Question 4

As used by Piaget, "egocentrism" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) a form of confusion. 
B) a form of selfishness. 
C) the ability to use decentered thought. 
D) considering the world entirely from one's own point of view. 
A) a form of confusion. 
B) a form of selfishness. 
C) the ability to use decentered thought. 
D) considering the world entirely from one's own point of view.

Question 5

According to Piaget, the three most common errors in early childhood reasoning include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) egocentrism. 
B) confusion of appearance­reality. 
C) precausal reasoning. 
D) scale errors. 
A) egocentrism. 
B) confusion of appearance­reality. 
C) precausal reasoning. 
D) scale errors.

Question 6

The finding that 3­year­olds insist that a material continues to exist even when it is dissolved in water demonstrates an aspect of:

Accepted Answer

A) naïve psychology. 
B) object permanence. 
C) motor drive. 
D) precausal reasoning. 
A) naïve psychology. 
B) object permanence. 
C) motor drive. 
D) precausal reasoning.

Question 7

Preschoolers may sometimes appear to be illogical because:

Accepted Answer

A) they engage in mental operations. 
B) they are working on coordinating their sensory perceptions and simple motor behaviors. 
C) their still­developing language skills make it difficult for them to demonstrate understandings. 
D) they have not acquired object permanence or mental representations. 
A) they engage in mental operations. 
B) they are working on coordinating their sensory perceptions and simple motor behaviors. 
C) their still­developing language skills make it difficult for them to demonstrate understandings. 
D) they have not acquired object permanence or mental representations.

Question 8

Naïve psychology refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to comfort another person. 
B) the ability to communicate with peers. 
C) the understanding of the relationship between mental states and behavior. 
D) the desire for social support. 
A) the ability to comfort another person. 
B) the ability to communicate with peers. 
C) the understanding of the relationship between mental states and behavior. 
D) the desire for social support.

Question 9

A recent formulation of the modularity position, which more precisely delineates the kinds of interaction with the environment that are required for development to occur, is:

Accepted Answer

A) theory of mind. 
B) the language acquisition device. 
C) the information­processing approach. 
D) theory theory. 
A) theory of mind. 
B) the language acquisition device. 
C) the information­processing approach. 
D) theory theory.

Question 10

Highly specific mental faculties associated with particular domains of environmental input are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) scripts. 
B) operations. 
C) theory of mind. 
D) mental modules. 
A) scripts. 
B) operations. 
C) theory of mind. 
D) mental modules.

Question 11

Cultural context can play a role in brain development, such as increased growth of cells in the parietal cortex in cultures that emphasize spatial tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Research on children's causal reasoning about events shows that 4­year­old children:

Accepted Answer

A) use physical causes to explain psychological events. 
B) use psychological causes to explain physical events. 
C) appropriately match causal explanations to the domain of an event. 
D) reason appropriately about psychological events, but not physical events. 
A) use physical causes to explain psychological events. 
B) use psychological causes to explain physical events. 
C) appropriately match causal explanations to the domain of an event. 
D) reason appropriately about psychological events, but not physical events.

Question 13

Your friend is worried because her 3­year­old daughter is only sleeping seven hours a night with no naps. What can you tell her about preschool children's sleep requirements?

Accepted Answer

It's understandable that your friend is

Question 14

What characteristics define a privileged domain? Give examples of privileged domains and briefly describe what they might indicate about children's thinking.

Accepted Answer

A privileged domain is an area of knowle

Question 15

Julia, age 3, describes the routine for going to restaurants in very general terms because:

Accepted Answer

A) her scripted knowledge of this routine is incomplete. 
B) she is in the precausal stage of reasoning. 
C) she can refer only to a single, unique meal. 
D) she has not yet begun to acquire the script for going to a restaurant. 
A) her scripted knowledge of this routine is incomplete. 
B) she is in the precausal stage of reasoning. 
C) she can refer only to a single, unique meal. 
D) she has not yet begun to acquire the script for going to a restaurant.

Question 16

Piaget used the term "preoperational" to describe children between the ages of 3 and 5 because they do not yet have the ability to:

Accepted Answer

A) learn language. 
B) understand simple commands. 
C) operate simple machines, such as staplers. 
D) combine, separate, and transform information mentally. 
A) learn language. 
B) understand simple commands. 
C) operate simple machines, such as staplers. 
D) combine, separate, and transform information mentally.

Question 17

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between childhood weight and later health?

Accepted Answer

A) An individual's weight during childhood does not predict later health concerns. 
B) Young children who undergo rapid weight gain after a period of being underweight have a lowered risk of cardiovascular disease as adults. 
C) Childhood obesity places children at risk for a variety of health problems later in life. 
D) Childhood obesity is a risk factor for later health concerns for girls, but not boys. 
A) An individual's weight during childhood does not predict later health concerns. 
B) Young children who undergo rapid weight gain after a period of being underweight have a lowered risk of cardiovascular disease as adults. 
C) Childhood obesity places children at risk for a variety of health problems later in life. 
D) Childhood obesity is a risk factor for later health concerns for girls, but not boys.

Question 18

When young children think transductively, they:

Accepted Answer

A) are at least 6 years of age. 
B) are in the concrete operations stage. 
C) are likely to confuse cause and effect. 
D) have mastered the appearance/reality distinction. 
A) are at least 6 years of age. 
B) are in the concrete operations stage. 
C) are likely to confuse cause and effect. 
D) have mastered the appearance/reality distinction.

Question 19

Describe evidence from two studies that support conclusions that young children develop relatively sophisticated biological understandings during the early childhood period.

Accepted Answer

One study by Gelman and Wellman (1991) f

Question 20

Preschool­aged children's thinking can be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) inconsistent. 
B) logical. 
C) even and predictable. 
D) operational. 
A) inconsistent. 
B) logical. 
C) even and predictable. 
D) operational.

When John Flavell and his colleagues showed children objects that appeared to be one thing but were really another, they found that:

Micah, a boy with autism, sees a comic strip in which a girl grabs a milk carton and pours orange juice into a glass. When explaining this event, Micah would MOST likely say:

Research on the reliability of children's eyewitness testimony demonstrates that children are more accurate when which of the following conditions is met?

As used by Piaget, "egocentrism" refers to:

According to Piaget, the three most common errors in early childhood reasoning include all of the following EXCEPT:

The finding that 3yearolds insist that a material continues to exist even when it is dissolved in water demonstrates an aspect of:

Preschoolers may sometimes appear to be illogical because:

Naïve psychology refers to:

A recent formulation of the modularity position, which more precisely delineates the kinds of interaction with the environment that are required for development to occur, is:

Highly specific mental faculties associated with particular domains of environmental input are referred to as:

Cultural context can play a role in brain development, such as increased growth of cells in the parietal cortex in cultures that emphasize spatial tasks.

Research on children's causal reasoning about events shows that 4yearold children:

Your friend is worried because her 3yearold daughter is only sleeping seven hours a night with no naps. What can you tell her about preschool children's sleep requirements?

What characteristics define a privileged domain? Give examples of privileged domains and briefly describe what they might indicate about children's thinking.

Julia, age 3, describes the routine for going to restaurants in very general terms because:

Piaget used the term "preoperational" to describe children between the ages of 3 and 5 because they do not yet have the ability to:

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between childhood weight and later health?

When young children think transductively, they:

Describe evidence from two studies that support conclusions that young children develop relatively sophisticated biological understandings during the early childhood period.

Preschoolaged children's thinking can be described as:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

Exam 8: Physical and Cognitive Development of Early Childhood

When John Flavell and his colleagues showed children objects that appeared to be one thing but were really another, they found that:

Micah, a boy with autism, sees a comic strip in which a girl grabs a milk carton and pours orange juice into a glass. When explaining this event, Micah would MOST likely say:

Research on the reliability of children's eyewitness testimony demonstrates that children are more accurate when which of the following conditions is met?

As used by Piaget, "egocentrism" refers to:

According to Piaget, the three most common errors in early childhood reasoning include all of the following EXCEPT:

The finding that 3­year­olds insist that a material continues to exist even when it is dissolved in water demonstrates an aspect of:

Preschoolers may sometimes appear to be illogical because:

Naïve psychology refers to:

A recent formulation of the modularity position, which more precisely delineates the kinds of interaction with the environment that are required for development to occur, is:

Highly specific mental faculties associated with particular domains of environmental input are referred to as:

Cultural context can play a role in brain development, such as increased growth of cells in the parietal cortex in cultures that emphasize spatial tasks.

Research on children's causal reasoning about events shows that 4­year­old children:

Your friend is worried because her 3­year­old daughter is only sleeping seven hours a night with no naps. What can you tell her about preschool children's sleep requirements?

What characteristics define a privileged domain? Give examples of privileged domains and briefly describe what they might indicate about children's thinking.

Julia, age 3, describes the routine for going to restaurants in very general terms because:

Piaget used the term "preoperational" to describe children between the ages of 3 and 5 because they do not yet have the ability to:

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between childhood weight and later health?

When young children think transductively, they:

Describe evidence from two studies that support conclusions that young children develop relatively sophisticated biological understandings during the early childhood period.

Preschool­aged children's thinking can be described as:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First Three Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As a Context for Development

Social and Emotional Developments in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

Filters

The finding that 3yearolds insist that a material continues to exist even when it is dissolved in water demonstrates an aspect of:

Research on children's causal reasoning about events shows that 4yearold children:

Your friend is worried because her 3yearold daughter is only sleeping seven hours a night with no naps. What can you tell her about preschool children's sleep requirements?

Preschoolaged children's thinking can be described as: