Question 1

Your textbook discusses the topic of metacomprehension in young children. According to this discussion,

Accepted Answer

A)  young children do not have the skills that they need, in order to use metacomprehension. 
B)  teachers do not try hard enough to emphasize metacomprehension. 
C)  the stories in the textbooks do not require metacomprehension. 
D)  children's memory skills are very limited, because their working memory holds only two or three words at a time. 
A)  young children do not have the skills that they need, in order to use metacomprehension. 
B)  teachers do not try hard enough to emphasize metacomprehension. 
C)  the stories in the textbooks do not require metacomprehension. 
D)  children's memory skills are very limited, because their working memory holds only two or three words at a time. A

Question 2

According to Chomsky, sentences such as "Teddy ate the broccoli" and "The broccoli was eaten by Teddy" are related through

Accepted Answer

A)  surface structure rules. 
B)  transformational rules. 
C)  pragmatic rules. 
D)  ambiguity processes. 
A)  surface structure rules. 
B)  transformational rules. 
C)  pragmatic rules. 
D)  ambiguity processes. B

Question 3

Tierney uses neuroscientific testing methods to examine the underlying brain structures and systems that support language. Her discipline would most accurately be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive neuroscience. 
B)  linguistic neurology. 
C)  neurolinguistics. 
D)  psycholinguistics. 
A)  cognitive neuroscience. 
B)  linguistic neurology. 
C)  neurolinguistics. 
D)  psycholinguistics. C

Question 4

A key point in Noam Chomsky's approach to psycholinguistics is an emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A)  how children learn language by operant conditioning. 
B)  how each language in the world has its own unique set of rules about syntax. 
C)  how humans have language skills that are inborn. 
D)  how language is closely connected with other cognitive skills. 
A)  how children learn language by operant conditioning. 
B)  how each language in the world has its own unique set of rules about syntax. 
C)  how humans have language skills that are inborn. 
D)  how language is closely connected with other cognitive skills.

Question 5

English is more challenging than many other world languages because:

Accepted Answer

A)  English words are much longer. 
B)  English grammar is more challenging. 
C)  English words are more difficult to recognize when they are spoken. 
D)  English words have a greater number of irregular pronunciations. 
A)  English words are much longer. 
B)  English grammar is more challenging. 
C)  English words are more difficult to recognize when they are spoken. 
D)  English words have a greater number of irregular pronunciations.

Question 6

You hear that a friend works in a "small machinery store," and you do not know whether "small" describes the size of the store or the size of the machinery in the store. This situation is called

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect access. 
B)  a nested structure. 
C)  pragmatics. 
D)  ambiguity. 
A)  indirect access. 
B)  a nested structure. 
C)  pragmatics. 
D)  ambiguity.

Question 7

When readers use the direct-access route to recognizing written words,

Accepted Answer

A)  they learn to distinguish between a letter's distinctive features and its characteristic sound. 
B)  they translate the visual stimuli into sound before locating a word's meaning. 
C)  they recognize each word's syntactic function before they recognize its meaning. 
D)  they recognize a word from the visual stimulus without having to translate first into sound. 
A)  they learn to distinguish between a letter's distinctive features and its characteristic sound. 
B)  they translate the visual stimuli into sound before locating a word's meaning. 
C)  they recognize each word's syntactic function before they recognize its meaning. 
D)  they recognize a word from the visual stimulus without having to translate first into sound.

Question 8

When the fMRI technique is used in studying language comprehension,

Accepted Answer

A)  both the left and the right hemisphere are active, though their functions are somewhat different. 
B)  people's responses occur so quickly that the fMRI is not especially useful. 
C)  the results reveal that people who have experienced strokes show remarkably normal patterns of brain activity. 
D)  the results reinforce the conclusion that language tasks are handled exclusively by the left hemisphere. 
A)  both the left and the right hemisphere are active, though their functions are somewhat different. 
B)  people's responses occur so quickly that the fMRI is not especially useful. 
C)  the results reveal that people who have experienced strokes show remarkably normal patterns of brain activity. 
D)  the results reinforce the conclusion that language tasks are handled exclusively by the left hemisphere.

Question 9

Languages like Russian or Spanish are considered easier to read than English because

Accepted Answer

A)  Russian and Spanish have a one-to-one correspondence between letters of the alphabet and speech sounds. 
B)  Russian and Spanish have fewer irregular grammatical structures. 
C)  Russian and Spanish alphabets have fewer letters than the English alphabet does. 
D)  Russian and Spanish words are shorter, on the average. 
A)  Russian and Spanish have a one-to-one correspondence between letters of the alphabet and speech sounds. 
B)  Russian and Spanish have fewer irregular grammatical structures. 
C)  Russian and Spanish alphabets have fewer letters than the English alphabet does. 
D)  Russian and Spanish words are shorter, on the average.

Question 10

According to the research on understanding sentences,

Accepted Answer

A)  negative sentences are easier to understand than affirmative sentences. 
B)  when a sentence has several negative terms, people's understanding of the sentence is only slightly better than guessing or chance level. 
C)  ambiguous sentences are easy to understand, unless they are in the passive voice. 
D)  the voice of a sentence (active vs. passive) does not influence understanding. 
A)  negative sentences are easier to understand than affirmative sentences. 
B)  when a sentence has several negative terms, people's understanding of the sentence is only slightly better than guessing or chance level. 
C)  ambiguous sentences are easy to understand, unless they are in the passive voice. 
D)  the voice of a sentence (active vs. passive) does not influence understanding.

Question 11

Chapter 9 discussed Noam Chomsky's theories about language. According to this discussion,

Accepted Answer

A)  Chomsky's theories emphasize that humans have inborn skills in language. 
B)  Chomsky's theories were useful to behaviorists, because his theories made predictions about observable language behavior. 
C)  Chomsky argues that children's language acquisition is possible because of their sophisticated working memory. 
D)  Chomsky argues that children's language skills depend on the linguistic rules that their parents teach them. 
A)  Chomsky's theories emphasize that humans have inborn skills in language. 
B)  Chomsky's theories were useful to behaviorists, because his theories made predictions about observable language behavior. 
C)  Chomsky argues that children's language acquisition is possible because of their sophisticated working memory. 
D)  Chomsky argues that children's language skills depend on the linguistic rules that their parents teach them.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about children's reading comprehension skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children have the appropriate skills for metacomprehension at an early age. 
B)  Reading skills improve when children try to relate the text to nearby photos. 
C)  Older children, teenagers and adults can think about their reading and listening strategies in order to improve them. 
D)  Once children reach middle school, it is too late to begin to teach metacomprehension strategies. 
A)  Children have the appropriate skills for metacomprehension at an early age. 
B)  Reading skills improve when children try to relate the text to nearby photos. 
C)  Older children, teenagers and adults can think about their reading and listening strategies in order to improve them. 
D)  Once children reach middle school, it is too late to begin to teach metacomprehension strategies.

Question 13

Suppose that a friend asks you, "Is it true that the left hemisphere of the brain handles all language processing tasks?" Your response should be,

Accepted Answer

A)  "Yes, because research shows that the right hemisphere processes spatial information, rather than linguistic information." 
B)  "No, because the current research shows that both hemispheres are equally important in processing language." 
C)  "Sort of, because the left hemisphere handles syntax and semantics, whereas, the right hemisphere handles speech perception." 
D)  "Sort of, because the left hemisphere typically handles a majority of language processing for most people, but the right hemisphere is important in interpreting abstract information." 
A)  "Yes, because research shows that the right hemisphere processes spatial information, rather than linguistic information." 
B)  "No, because the current research shows that both hemispheres are equally important in processing language." 
C)  "Sort of, because the left hemisphere handles syntax and semantics, whereas, the right hemisphere handles speech perception." 
D)  "Sort of, because the left hemisphere typically handles a majority of language processing for most people, but the right hemisphere is important in interpreting abstract information."

Question 14

According to the cognitive-functional approach to language,

Accepted Answer

A)  we need to explore how morphology has implications for syntax. 
B)  people have strong, explicit knowledge about the way they understand and create language. 
C)  the purpose of language is to convey meaning to other people. 
D)  language is a unique skill, and it is not really related to other cognitive processes such as attention and memory. 
A)  we need to explore how morphology has implications for syntax. 
B)  people have strong, explicit knowledge about the way they understand and create language. 
C)  the purpose of language is to convey meaning to other people. 
D)  language is a unique skill, and it is not really related to other cognitive processes such as attention and memory.

Question 15

According to the research on the indirect-access route in reading,

Accepted Answer

A)  readers cannot translate visual stimuli into sounds unless they have the benefit of context. 
B)  children who can identify sounds in a word are likely to earn high scores on standardized reading tests. 
C)  training in semantic skills is just as likely as training in phoneme skills to improve children's ability to identify words. 
D)  in general, children's reading skills are somewhat poorer if they have been trained in phonics skills. 
A)  readers cannot translate visual stimuli into sounds unless they have the benefit of context. 
B)  children who can identify sounds in a word are likely to earn high scores on standardized reading tests. 
C)  training in semantic skills is just as likely as training in phoneme skills to improve children's ability to identify words. 
D)  in general, children's reading skills are somewhat poorer if they have been trained in phonics skills.

Question 16

Units of language such as pre-, sound and -s are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  phonemes. 
B)  morphemes. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  semantics. 
A)  phonemes. 
B)  morphemes. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  semantics.

Question 17

If you use the direct-access route while reading,

Accepted Answer

A)  you can recognize a word directly from its component sounds. 
B)  you directly access easy words through the visual route; you directly access difficult words through the auditory route. 
C)  your teacher probably emphasized how a word is pronounced. 
D)  you can recognize a word based on the visual stimulus of the letters in a word. 
A)  you can recognize a word directly from its component sounds. 
B)  you directly access easy words through the visual route; you directly access difficult words through the auditory route. 
C)  your teacher probably emphasized how a word is pronounced. 
D)  you can recognize a word based on the visual stimulus of the letters in a word.

Question 18

Imagine that you are listening to a reading researcher, who is discussing the approach that should use for elementary school children in the United States. Which of the following arguments are you most likely to hear?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The phonics approach is best because it is most likely to encourage children's motivation." 
B)  "The whole-word approach is best because English has a close correspondence between a word's spelling and its sound." 
C)  "Neither the phonics nor the whole-word approach is effective, so the reading teachers are searching for a new approach." 
D)  "The phonics and the whole-word approach should be combined, because each approach provides some benefits." 
A)  "The phonics approach is best because it is most likely to encourage children's motivation." 
B)  "The whole-word approach is best because English has a close correspondence between a word's spelling and its sound." 
C)  "Neither the phonics nor the whole-word approach is effective, so the reading teachers are searching for a new approach." 
D)  "The phonics and the whole-word approach should be combined, because each approach provides some benefits."

Question 19

In contrast to written language, spoken language is especially likely

Accepted Answer

A)  to be spread out across space. 
B)  to be controllable with respect to the rate of input. 
C)  to require the use of working memory. 
D)  to have discrete boundaries between words. 
A)  to be spread out across space. 
B)  to be controllable with respect to the rate of input. 
C)  to require the use of working memory. 
D)  to have discrete boundaries between words.

Question 20

You have learned that if you want to combine a noun such as girl with a verb such as run, the noun precedes the verb, and you must add an s to form girl runs. The rules that govern this kind of procedure are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics. 
B)  phonemics. 
C)  pragmatics. 
D)  grammar. 
A)  semantics. 
B)  phonemics. 
C)  pragmatics. 
D)  grammar.

Your textbook discusses the topic of metacomprehension in young children. According to this discussion,

According to Chomsky, sentences such as "Teddy ate the broccoli" and "The broccoli was eaten by Teddy" are related through

Tierney uses neuroscientific testing methods to examine the underlying brain structures and systems that support language. Her discipline would most accurately be described as

A key point in Noam Chomsky's approach to psycholinguistics is an emphasis on

English is more challenging than many other world languages because:

You hear that a friend works in a "small machinery store," and you do not know whether "small" describes the size of the store or the size of the machinery in the store. This situation is called

When readers use the direct-access route to recognizing written words,

When the fMRI technique is used in studying language comprehension,

Languages like Russian or Spanish are considered easier to read than English because

According to the research on understanding sentences,

Chapter 9 discussed Noam Chomsky's theories about language. According to this discussion,

Which of the following statements is true about children's reading comprehension skills?

Suppose that a friend asks you, "Is it true that the left hemisphere of the brain handles all language processing tasks?" Your response should be,

According to the cognitive-functional approach to language,

According to the research on the indirect-access route in reading,

Units of language such as pre-, sound and -s are known as

If you use the direct-access route while reading,

Imagine that you are listening to a reading researcher, who is discussing the approach that should use for elementary school children in the United States. Which of the following arguments are you most likely to hear?

In contrast to written language, spoken language is especially likely

You have learned that if you want to combine a noun such as girl with a verb such as run, the noun precedes the verb, and you must add an s to form girl runs. The rules that govern this kind of procedure are known as

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 9: Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Your textbook discusses the topic of metacomprehension in young children. According to this discussion,

According to Chomsky, sentences such as "Teddy ate the broccoli" and "The broccoli was eaten by Teddy" are related through

Tierney uses neuroscientific testing methods to examine the underlying brain structures and systems that support language. Her discipline would most accurately be described as

A key point in Noam Chomsky's approach to psycholinguistics is an emphasis on

English is more challenging than many other world languages because:

You hear that a friend works in a "small machinery store," and you do not know whether "small" describes the size of the store or the size of the machinery in the store. This situation is called

When readers use the direct-access route to recognizing written words,

When the fMRI technique is used in studying language comprehension,

Languages like Russian or Spanish are considered easier to read than English because

According to the research on understanding sentences,

Chapter 9 discussed Noam Chomsky's theories about language. According to this discussion,

Which of the following statements is true about children's reading comprehension skills?

Suppose that a friend asks you, "Is it true that the left hemisphere of the brain handles all language processing tasks?" Your response should be,

According to the cognitive-functional approach to language,

According to the research on the indirect-access route in reading,

Units of language such as pre-, sound and -s are known as

If you use the direct-access route while reading,

Imagine that you are listening to a reading researcher, who is discussing the approach that should use for elementary school children in the United States. Which of the following arguments are you most likely to hear?

In contrast to written language, spoken language is especially likely

You have learned that if you want to combine a noun such as girl with a verb such as run, the noun precedes the verb, and you must add an s to form girl runs. The rules that govern this kind of procedure are known as

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters