Question 1

Bottom-up processing

Accepted Answer

A)  is the most widely accepted explanation for illusory contours. 
B)  describes the influence of expectations upon object recognition. 
C)  emphasizes the importance of sensory stimuli in object recognition. 
D)  explains why we are able to recognize words more easily when they appear in sentences, rather than alone. 
A)  is the most widely accepted explanation for illusory contours. 
B)  describes the influence of expectations upon object recognition. 
C)  emphasizes the importance of sensory stimuli in object recognition. 
D)  explains why we are able to recognize words more easily when they appear in sentences, rather than alone. C

Question 2

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion. This statement is true because

Accepted Answer

A)  we think that we hear boundaries between words, even when a physical boundary does not really exist. 
B)  we think that we are accurate when we replace a missing phoneme, but we typically make many errors. 
C)  we make too much use of bottom-up processing. 
D)  we think that we hear a speech sound, even if it is not present in the distal stimulus. 
A)  we think that we hear boundaries between words, even when a physical boundary does not really exist. 
B)  we think that we are accurate when we replace a missing phoneme, but we typically make many errors. 
C)  we make too much use of bottom-up processing. 
D)  we think that we hear a speech sound, even if it is not present in the distal stimulus. D

Question 3

According to the word superiority effect,

Accepted Answer

A)  we have trouble noticing when one of the letters in a word disappears from the stimulus. 
B)  we can recognize a letter faster and more accurately when it is part of a word, rather than when this letter appears by itself. 
C)  we can recognize an unfamiliar word more quickly than an isolated letter of the alphabet. 
D)  bottom-up processing is more helpful than top-down processing. 
A)  we have trouble noticing when one of the letters in a word disappears from the stimulus. 
B)  we can recognize a letter faster and more accurately when it is part of a word, rather than when this letter appears by itself. 
C)  we can recognize an unfamiliar word more quickly than an isolated letter of the alphabet. 
D)  bottom-up processing is more helpful than top-down processing. B

Question 4

According to the discussion of phonemic restoration,

Accepted Answer

A)  if we fail to hear a particular phoneme in a word, we won't be able to identify the word. 
B)  phonemic restoration makes use of top-down processing. 
C)  phonemic restoration is typically caused by variations in phoneme pronunciation. 
D)  phonemic restoration is typically caused by coarticulation. 
A)  if we fail to hear a particular phoneme in a word, we won't be able to identify the word. 
B)  phonemic restoration makes use of top-down processing. 
C)  phonemic restoration is typically caused by variations in phoneme pronunciation. 
D)  phonemic restoration is typically caused by coarticulation.

Question 5

Bottom-up processing

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses on the contribution of the stimulus to object recognition. 
B)  emphasizes that we can pay attention to several objects simultaneously. 
C)  emphasizes that our higher mental processes facilitate object recognition. 
D)  occurs only after top-down processing has been completed. 
A)  focuses on the contribution of the stimulus to object recognition. 
B)  emphasizes that we can pay attention to several objects simultaneously. 
C)  emphasizes that our higher mental processes facilitate object recognition. 
D)  occurs only after top-down processing has been completed.

Question 6

The discussion about face recognition points out that we perceive a face in terms of a "gestalt." You can therefore conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  we perceive faces in terms of their overall structure. 
B)  each element of someone's face (eyes, nose, etc.) is unique to that particular face. 
C)  we use top-down processing when we perceive a face, moving from the eyes, to the nose, etc. 
D)  we process faces the same as we process other visual stimuli. 
A)  we perceive faces in terms of their overall structure. 
B)  each element of someone's face (eyes, nose, etc.) is unique to that particular face. 
C)  we use top-down processing when we perceive a face, moving from the eyes, to the nose, etc. 
D)  we process faces the same as we process other visual stimuli.

Question 7

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam. The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic memory. 
B)  an illusory contour. 
C)  the proximal stimulus. 
D)  the distal stimulus. 
A)  iconic memory. 
B)  an illusory contour. 
C)  the proximal stimulus. 
D)  the distal stimulus.

Question 8

When a study has high ecological validity,

Accepted Answer

A)  people tend to receive similar scores on two different versions of a relevant test. 
B)  people typically make more errors than if the test is low in ecological validity. 
C)  at least two researchers recorded the answers supplied by the participants. 
D)  the methods and results apply to real world applications or settings. 
A)  people tend to receive similar scores on two different versions of a relevant test. 
B)  people typically make more errors than if the test is low in ecological validity. 
C)  at least two researchers recorded the answers supplied by the participants. 
D)  the methods and results apply to real world applications or settings.

Question 9

Right now, the words in this sentence are being registered on the retina of your eye. This representation on your retina is called

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory. 
B)  the template. 
C)  the proximal stimulus. 
D)  the distal stimulus. 
A)  sensory memory. 
B)  the template. 
C)  the proximal stimulus. 
D)  the distal stimulus.

Question 10

The identification of a complex arrangement of visual stimuli is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  sensation. 
B)  recognition by components. 
C)  object recognition. 
D)  connectionism. 
A)  sensation. 
B)  recognition by components. 
C)  object recognition. 
D)  connectionism.

Question 11

According to the introductory discussion about perceptual processes,

Accepted Answer

A)  humans have relatively primitive perceptual processes, compared to models created by artificial intelligence. 
B)  although perception appears to be straightforward, it actually requires more cognitive effort than tasks such as problem solving. 
C)  unlike other cognitive tasks, perception requires only bottom-up processing. 
D)  perception requires both information from the stimulus and knowledge about previous perceptual experiences. 
A)  humans have relatively primitive perceptual processes, compared to models created by artificial intelligence. 
B)  although perception appears to be straightforward, it actually requires more cognitive effort than tasks such as problem solving. 
C)  unlike other cognitive tasks, perception requires only bottom-up processing. 
D)  perception requires both information from the stimulus and knowledge about previous perceptual experiences.

Question 12

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing. At first, one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes. The next moment, this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape. This phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  depth perception. 
B)  an illusory contour. 
C)  an ambiguous figure-ground relationship. 
D)  holistic recognition. 
A)  depth perception. 
B)  an illusory contour. 
C)  an ambiguous figure-ground relationship. 
D)  holistic recognition.

Question 13

Suppose that you are looking at an object on your desk. Which of the following is the best example of the term perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  You combine your previous knowledge, together with the information registered by your eyes. 
B)  You compare this object with a set of geons, to determine the best match. 
C)  Your retina registers the size, shape, and color of this object. 
D)  Information from your retina travels directly to the primary visual cortex and the inferotemporal cortex. 
A)  You combine your previous knowledge, together with the information registered by your eyes. 
B)  You compare this object with a set of geons, to determine the best match. 
C)  Your retina registers the size, shape, and color of this object. 
D)  Information from your retina travels directly to the primary visual cortex and the inferotemporal cortex.

Question 14

The recognition-by-components theory argues that we recognize an object by

Accepted Answer

A)  analyzing the arrangement of simple 3-dimensional shapes that form the object. 
B)  comparing each object to the idealized version of that object, as stored in long-term memory. 
C)  registering each major line, curve, and angle of an object. 
D)  perceiving the overall form of an object as one complete shape or gestalt. 
A)  analyzing the arrangement of simple 3-dimensional shapes that form the object. 
B)  comparing each object to the idealized version of that object, as stored in long-term memory. 
C)  registering each major line, curve, and angle of an object. 
D)  perceiving the overall form of an object as one complete shape or gestalt.

Question 15

Suppose that you are watching a movie. Two men are talking, and the camera focuses on a man in a blue shirt, with long sideburns. The focus shifts to the other man. Then it returns to the man in the blue shirt-but now his sideburns are about an inch shorter. If you fail to notice that he looks different, you are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  bottom-up processing. 
B)  change blindness. 
C)  the principle that face recognition is "special." 
D)  the recognition-by-components approach. 
A)  bottom-up processing. 
B)  change blindness. 
C)  the principle that face recognition is "special." 
D)  the recognition-by-components approach.

Question 16

According to the discussion of object recognition,

Accepted Answer

A)  the bottom-up approach emphasizes the importance of previous information in processing new stimuli. 
B)  top-down processing emphasizes that it is most efficient to begin at the top of a object that you are trying to recognize. 
C)  top-down processing does not play a major role in object recognition. 
D)  object recognition must involve both top-down and bottom-up processes. 
A)  the bottom-up approach emphasizes the importance of previous information in processing new stimuli. 
B)  top-down processing emphasizes that it is most efficient to begin at the top of a object that you are trying to recognize. 
C)  top-down processing does not play a major role in object recognition. 
D)  object recognition must involve both top-down and bottom-up processes.

Question 17

What is perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perception is the immediate registration of information by the sensory receptors. 
B)  Perception uses previous knowledge to gather and interpret the stimuli registered by the senses. 
C)  Perception involves only unprocessed sensory information. 
D)  Perception requires complex problem solving. 
A)  Perception is the immediate registration of information by the sensory receptors. 
B)  Perception uses previous knowledge to gather and interpret the stimuli registered by the senses. 
C)  Perception involves only unprocessed sensory information. 
D)  Perception requires complex problem solving.

Question 18

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world, rather than just in a laboratory. This approach emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  a well-controlled design. 
B)  the viewer-centered approach. 
C)  holistic recognition. 
D)  ecological validity. 
A)  a well-controlled design. 
B)  the viewer-centered approach. 
C)  holistic recognition. 
D)  ecological validity.

Question 19

Heather notes that it is always easier to understand her sister's speech when they converse on Skype as compared to conversing on the telephone. Her sister believes that the sound quality on Skype may be better than on her smart phone. However, Heather thinks about her Cognitive Psychology class and reasons that the phenomenon may be an illustration of

Accepted Answer

A)  coarticulation. 
B)  phonemic restoration. 
C)  word boundary effects. 
D)  the importance of visual cues in speech processing. 
A)  coarticulation. 
B)  phonemic restoration. 
C)  word boundary effects. 
D)  the importance of visual cues in speech processing.

Question 20

The template model of object recognition would have the most difficulty explaining

Accepted Answer

A)  how people recognize letters of the alphabet if you turned the letters upside-down. 
B)  how computers recognize a standardized set of numbers. 
C)  how people can recognize an isolated letter, without any word context. 
D)  how people recognize neatly printed numbers. 
A)  how people recognize letters of the alphabet if you turned the letters upside-down. 
B)  how computers recognize a standardized set of numbers. 
C)  how people can recognize an isolated letter, without any word context. 
D)  how people recognize neatly printed numbers.

Bottom-up processing

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion. This statement is true because

According to the word superiority effect,

According to the discussion of phonemic restoration,

Bottom-up processing

The discussion about face recognition points out that we perceive a face in terms of a "gestalt." You can therefore conclude that

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam. The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

When a study has high ecological validity,

Right now, the words in this sentence are being registered on the retina of your eye. This representation on your retina is called

The identification of a complex arrangement of visual stimuli is known as

According to the introductory discussion about perceptual processes,

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing. At first, one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes. The next moment, this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape. This phenomenon is called:

Suppose that you are looking at an object on your desk. Which of the following is the best example of the term perception?

The recognition-by-components theory argues that we recognize an object by

According to the discussion of object recognition,

What is perception?

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world, rather than just in a laboratory. This approach emphasizes

The template model of object recognition would have the most difficulty explaining

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 2: Visual and Auditory Recognition

Bottom-up processing

Your textbook states that phonemic restoration is a kind of illusion. This statement is true because

According to the word superiority effect,

According to the discussion of phonemic restoration,

Bottom-up processing

The discussion about face recognition points out that we perceive a face in terms of a "gestalt." You can therefore conclude that

Suppose that you hear another student turning a page of this exam. The representation of that noise by the receptors in your auditory system is called

When a study has high ecological validity,

Right now, the words in this sentence are being registered on the retina of your eye. This representation on your retina is called

The identification of a complex arrangement of visual stimuli is known as

According to the introductory discussion about perceptual processes,

Imagine that you are looking at a geometric drawing. At first, one shape in this drawing seems to be in front of other shapes. The next moment, this same shape seems to be located behind a second shape. This phenomenon is called:

Suppose that you are looking at an object on your desk. Which of the following is the best example of the term perception?

The recognition-by-components theory argues that we recognize an object by

According to the discussion of object recognition,

What is perception?

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world, rather than just in a laboratory. This approach emphasizes

The template model of object recognition would have the most difficulty explaining

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters