Question 1

Which statement about the history of cognition is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorists favored the introspection technique. 
B)  William James emphasized that the human mind is active, rather than passive. 
C)  Research in cognition thrived during the period when behaviorism was strongest. 
D)  Behaviorists were influential in conducting research on problem solving. 
A)  Behaviorists favored the introspection technique. 
B)  William James emphasized that the human mind is active, rather than passive. 
C)  Research in cognition thrived during the period when behaviorism was strongest. 
D)  Behaviorists were influential in conducting research on problem solving. B

Question 2

Chapter 1 of your Cognition textbook discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion, the cognitive approach

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily emphasizes our unconscious thoughts. 
B)  can explain a major part of your daily experiences. 
C)  is prominent within social psychology, but it has not yet been applied to biological areas of psychology. 
D)  has had surprisingly little connection with clinical psychology. 
A)  primarily emphasizes our unconscious thoughts. 
B)  can explain a major part of your daily experiences. 
C)  is prominent within social psychology, but it has not yet been applied to biological areas of psychology. 
D)  has had surprisingly little connection with clinical psychology. B

Question 3

Your textbook discusses the early history of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion,

Accepted Answer

A)  Hermann Ebbinghaus opposed cognitive psychology because it did not pay enough attention to emotions. 
B)  Mary Whiton Calkins studied people's introspections about nonsense words. 
C)  William James suggested that our everyday cognitive processes are passive, rather than active. 
D)  Wilhelm Wundt emphasized that introspection could provide useful information, if participants were well trained. 
A)  Hermann Ebbinghaus opposed cognitive psychology because it did not pay enough attention to emotions. 
B)  Mary Whiton Calkins studied people's introspections about nonsense words. 
C)  William James suggested that our everyday cognitive processes are passive, rather than active. 
D)  Wilhelm Wundt emphasized that introspection could provide useful information, if participants were well trained. D

Question 4

Imagine that some researchers are trying to design a computer-simulation model for an arithmetic task. They would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  begin by using the single-cell recording technique, and then gradually shift to the fMRI technique. 
B)  design a system that solves each arithmetic problem as quickly as possible. 
C)  examine the way people's strategies change as they become more familiar with the task. 
D)  create a system that uses a problem-solving technique that is similar to the way humans would solve the problem. 
A)  begin by using the single-cell recording technique, and then gradually shift to the fMRI technique. 
B)  design a system that solves each arithmetic problem as quickly as possible. 
C)  examine the way people's strategies change as they become more familiar with the task. 
D)  create a system that uses a problem-solving technique that is similar to the way humans would solve the problem.

Question 5

According to your textbook, the artificial intelligence (AI) approach

Accepted Answer

A)  creates computer models that demonstrate intelligent behavior. 
B)  emphasizes that humans possess a central processing mechanism that has unlimited capacity. 
C)  is currently too vague and nonspecific to be tested. 
D)  focuses on the development of cognitive abilities during childhood. 
A)  creates computer models that demonstrate intelligent behavior. 
B)  emphasizes that humans possess a central processing mechanism that has unlimited capacity. 
C)  is currently too vague and nonspecific to be tested. 
D)  focuses on the development of cognitive abilities during childhood.

Question 6

Metacognition refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  your thoughts about your cognitive processes. 
B)  a technique that records brief fluctuations in the brain's electrical activity. 
C)  the application of cognitive psychology in everyday, naturalistic situations. 
D)  the use of computers to model human cognitive activity. 
A)  your thoughts about your cognitive processes. 
B)  a technique that records brief fluctuations in the brain's electrical activity. 
C)  the application of cognitive psychology in everyday, naturalistic situations. 
D)  the use of computers to model human cognitive activity.

Question 7

Which of the following perspectives was most likely to emphasize the importance of a precise operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  William James's work on the tip-of-the-tongue effect 
B)  Wilhelm Wundt's introspection approach 
C)  The behaviorists' research with animals 
D)  The gestalt approach to perception 
A)  William James's work on the tip-of-the-tongue effect 
B)  Wilhelm Wundt's introspection approach 
C)  The behaviorists' research with animals 
D)  The gestalt approach to perception

Question 8

Suppose that you want to see whether the human brain responds differently when a person reads a pleasant word, rather than an unpleasant word. Which of the following neuroscience techniques would provide the most useful information about processing these two kinds of words?

Accepted Answer

A)  The event-related potential (ERP) technique 
B)  The connectionist approach 
C)  The brain-lesion technique 
D)  A positron emission tomography (PET) scan 
A)  The event-related potential (ERP) technique 
B)  The connectionist approach 
C)  The brain-lesion technique 
D)  A positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Question 9

Suppose that you meet a professor who is trying to determine what portions of the brain are involved in trying to recall a word that is on the tip of your tongue. This person is likely to use the approach of

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial intelligence. 
B)  cognitive neuroscience. 
C)  gestalt psychology 
D)  behaviorism. 
A)  artificial intelligence. 
B)  cognitive neuroscience. 
C)  gestalt psychology 
D)  behaviorism.

Question 10

What does the introductory chapter conclude about the influence of cognitive approaches on other areas of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive psychology has had very little influence on areas outside traditional experimental psychology. 
B)  Cognitive psychology has influenced experiments in some research-oriented areas of psychology, but it has not yet had an impact on applied areas. 
C)  Cognitive psychology has influenced disciplines that are concerned with the behavior of humans as individuals, but it has not yet influenced the areas of psychology concerned with social interactions. 
D)  Cognitive psychology has had an important impact on a variety of areas throughout psychology. 
A)  Cognitive psychology has had very little influence on areas outside traditional experimental psychology. 
B)  Cognitive psychology has influenced experiments in some research-oriented areas of psychology, but it has not yet had an impact on applied areas. 
C)  Cognitive psychology has influenced disciplines that are concerned with the behavior of humans as individuals, but it has not yet influenced the areas of psychology concerned with social interactions. 
D)  Cognitive psychology has had an important impact on a variety of areas throughout psychology.

Question 11

An operational definition is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  describe precisely how the researchers will measure a particular concept. 
B)  examine the correlation between two well-established variables. 
C)  point out alternative explanations for the results of a study. 
D)  adopt an information-processing approach, rather than a behaviorist approach. 
A)  describe precisely how the researchers will measure a particular concept. 
B)  examine the correlation between two well-established variables. 
C)  point out alternative explanations for the results of a study. 
D)  adopt an information-processing approach, rather than a behaviorist approach.

Question 12

Suppose that you look up from this exam, and you immediately perceive a scene that includes students, desks, and classroom walls. In order to perceive it quickly, you are probably using

Accepted Answer

A)  serial processing. 
B)  parallel processing. 
C)  ecological validity. 
D)  metacognition. 
A)  serial processing. 
B)  parallel processing. 
C)  ecological validity. 
D)  metacognition.

Question 13

According to the discussion about the rise of cognitive psychology,

Accepted Answer

A)  enthusiasm for behaviorism decreased because it was difficult to explain complex human behavior using only the concepts from learning theory. 
B)  Piaget's research on children's thinking was actually ignored until cognitive psychology was well established in the 1970s. 
C)  modern linguistics favors behaviorism rather than cognitive approaches. 
D)  behavioral approaches to human memory are still more widely accepted than cognitive approaches. 
A)  enthusiasm for behaviorism decreased because it was difficult to explain complex human behavior using only the concepts from learning theory. 
B)  Piaget's research on children's thinking was actually ignored until cognitive psychology was well established in the 1970s. 
C)  modern linguistics favors behaviorism rather than cognitive approaches. 
D)  behavioral approaches to human memory are still more widely accepted than cognitive approaches.

Question 14

When neuroscientists use PET scans (positron emission tomography),

Accepted Answer

A)  they assess the regions of the brain in which blood flow increases while a person is performing a task. 
B)  they record the neural impulses from one neuron in the human brain. 
C)  they stimulate a brain region in a patient who recently had a stroke or tumor. 
D)  they place electrodes on a person's scalp. 
A)  they assess the regions of the brain in which blood flow increases while a person is performing a task. 
B)  they record the neural impulses from one neuron in the human brain. 
C)  they stimulate a brain region in a patient who recently had a stroke or tumor. 
D)  they place electrodes on a person's scalp.

Question 15

John is reading his Cognitive Psychology textbook. He notices that his stomach is grumbling, but he thinks, "I will finish this section of the chapter and then go to lunch." John's thought illustrates the cognitive process of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  pattern recognition 
B)  memory 
C)  imagery 
D)  decision making 
A)  pattern recognition 
B)  memory 
C)  imagery 
D)  decision making

Question 16

Suppose that you hear about a research project in linguistics that is exploring the topic called discourse. Which of the following would be the most likely topic for this research?

Accepted Answer

A)  "How do students pronounce individual letters within a word?" 
B)  "Can students recognize the grammatical category of words?" 
C)  "Are students aware of the past tense of verbs?" 
D)  "What are students' ideas about how a story should end?" 
A)  "How do students pronounce individual letters within a word?" 
B)  "Can students recognize the grammatical category of words?" 
C)  "Are students aware of the past tense of verbs?" 
D)  "What are students' ideas about how a story should end?"

Question 17

The primary contribution of Hermann Ebbinghaus to current cognitive psychology was

Accepted Answer

A)  the emphasis on ecological validity. 
B)  the emphasis on research employing hundreds of subjects in each study. 
C)  research about factors that might influence human memory. 
D)  the notion of top-down processing. 
A)  the emphasis on ecological validity. 
B)  the emphasis on research employing hundreds of subjects in each study. 
C)  research about factors that might influence human memory. 
D)  the notion of top-down processing.

Question 18

In contrast to Hermann Ebbinghaus, William James was more likely to focus on

Accepted Answer

A)  well-controlled experiments. 
B)  a behavioral approach to memory and language. 
C)  people's everyday experiences. 
D)  clear operational definitions. 
A)  well-controlled experiments. 
B)  a behavioral approach to memory and language. 
C)  people's everyday experiences. 
D)  clear operational definitions.

Question 19

A psychologist who favors the Gestalt approach would be most likely to criticize the fact that behaviorists

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore the context in which a behavior occurs. 
B)  overemphasize introspection. 
C)  are not sufficiently rigorous in designing their psychological research. 
D)  pay too much attention to insight. 
A)  ignore the context in which a behavior occurs. 
B)  overemphasize introspection. 
C)  are not sufficiently rigorous in designing their psychological research. 
D)  pay too much attention to insight.

Question 20

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the PET scan technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prinsetta: "PET scans record fluctuations in the brain activity that are completed within a fraction of a second." 
B)  Lisa: "Unfortunately, the PET scan can only be used for someone who has a brain lesion." 
C)  Jeff: "A PET scan is basically a very fast version of the event-related potential." 
D)  Jamie: "The PET scan creates an image based on a chemical that travels through the bloodstream." 
A)  Prinsetta: "PET scans record fluctuations in the brain activity that are completed within a fraction of a second." 
B)  Lisa: "Unfortunately, the PET scan can only be used for someone who has a brain lesion." 
C)  Jeff: "A PET scan is basically a very fast version of the event-related potential." 
D)  Jamie: "The PET scan creates an image based on a chemical that travels through the bloodstream."

Which statement about the history of cognition is correct?

Chapter 1 of your Cognition textbook discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion, the cognitive approach

Your textbook discusses the early history of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion,

Imagine that some researchers are trying to design a computer-simulation model for an arithmetic task. They would be most likely to

According to your textbook, the artificial intelligence (AI) approach

Metacognition refers to

Which of the following perspectives was most likely to emphasize the importance of a precise operational definition?

Suppose that you want to see whether the human brain responds differently when a person reads a pleasant word, rather than an unpleasant word. Which of the following neuroscience techniques would provide the most useful information about processing these two kinds of words?

Suppose that you meet a professor who is trying to determine what portions of the brain are involved in trying to recall a word that is on the tip of your tongue. This person is likely to use the approach of

What does the introductory chapter conclude about the influence of cognitive approaches on other areas of psychology?

An operational definition is most likely to

Suppose that you look up from this exam, and you immediately perceive a scene that includes students, desks, and classroom walls. In order to perceive it quickly, you are probably using

According to the discussion about the rise of cognitive psychology,

When neuroscientists use PET scans (positron emission tomography),

John is reading his Cognitive Psychology textbook. He notices that his stomach is grumbling, but he thinks, "I will finish this section of the chapter and then go to lunch." John's thought illustrates the cognitive process of _______.

Suppose that you hear about a research project in linguistics that is exploring the topic called discourse. Which of the following would be the most likely topic for this research?

The primary contribution of Hermann Ebbinghaus to current cognitive psychology was

In contrast to Hermann Ebbinghaus, William James was more likely to focus on

A psychologist who favors the Gestalt approach would be most likely to criticize the fact that behaviorists

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the PET scan technique?

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Which statement about the history of cognition is correct?

Chapter 1 of your Cognition textbook discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion, the cognitive approach

Your textbook discusses the early history of cognitive psychology. According to this discussion,

Imagine that some researchers are trying to design a computer-simulation model for an arithmetic task. They would be most likely to

According to your textbook, the artificial intelligence (AI) approach

Metacognition refers to

Which of the following perspectives was most likely to emphasize the importance of a precise operational definition?

Suppose that you want to see whether the human brain responds differently when a person reads a pleasant word, rather than an unpleasant word. Which of the following neuroscience techniques would provide the most useful information about processing these two kinds of words?

Suppose that you meet a professor who is trying to determine what portions of the brain are involved in trying to recall a word that is on the tip of your tongue. This person is likely to use the approach of

What does the introductory chapter conclude about the influence of cognitive approaches on other areas of psychology?

An operational definition is most likely to

Suppose that you look up from this exam, and you immediately perceive a scene that includes students, desks, and classroom walls. In order to perceive it quickly, you are probably using

According to the discussion about the rise of cognitive psychology,

When neuroscientists use PET scans (positron emission tomography),

John is reading his Cognitive Psychology textbook. He notices that his stomach is grumbling, but he thinks, "I will finish this section of the chapter and then go to lunch." John's thought illustrates the cognitive process of _______.

Suppose that you hear about a research project in linguistics that is exploring the topic called discourse. Which of the following would be the most likely topic for this research?

The primary contribution of Hermann Ebbinghaus to current cognitive psychology was

In contrast to Hermann Ebbinghaus, William James was more likely to focus on

A psychologist who favors the Gestalt approach would be most likely to criticize the fact that behaviorists

Which of the following students provides the best understanding of the PET scan technique?

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters