Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows plant cells to develop osmotic turgor pressure that pushes against their surrounding walls. 
B) It provides mechanical support for individual cells and serves as a type of "skeleton" for the whole plant. 
C) It protects cells against damage from mechanical abrasion, osmotic influx of water & pathogens. 
D) It prevents cell-cell interactions. 
E) It can be a source of signals that alter activities of cells that it contacts. 
A) It allows plant cells to develop osmotic turgor pressure that pushes against their surrounding walls. 
B) It provides mechanical support for individual cells and serves as a type of "skeleton" for the whole plant. 
C) It protects cells against damage from mechanical abrasion, osmotic influx of water & pathogens. 
D) It prevents cell-cell interactions. 
E) It can be a source of signals that alter activities of cells that it contacts.

Question 2

The thicker walls seen in mature plants that no longer allow extensive growth of the cell wall are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

A) primary walls 
B) secondary walls 
C) complete walls 
D) incomplete walls 
A) primary walls 
B) secondary walls 
C) complete walls 
D) incomplete walls

Question 3

What is thought to promote the release of future mesoderm cells from an epithelium and their transformation into mesenchymal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) a reduction in the expression of E-cadherin genes 
B) an increase in the expression of E-cadherin genes 
C) degradation of the cell membrane 
D) the cytoplasm taking on an anti-adhesive character 
E) autophagy of the nucleus 
A) a reduction in the expression of E-cadherin genes 
B) an increase in the expression of E-cadherin genes 
C) degradation of the cell membrane 
D) the cytoplasm taking on an anti-adhesive character 
E) autophagy of the nucleus

Question 4

In the corneal stroma, the uniformity of collagen fiber size and the ordered packing of the fibers confers what property on the corneal stroma?

Accepted Answer

A) strength 
B) flexibility 
C) extensibility 
D) transparency 
E) opacity 
A) strength 
B) flexibility 
C) extensibility 
D) transparency 
E) opacity

Question 5

In an integrin, what structure is it that crosses the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A) a transmembrane pleated sheet 
B) a transmembrane spear 
C) a transmembrane plate 
D) a transmembrane helix 
E) a bent, curved leg 
A) a transmembrane pleated sheet 
B) a transmembrane spear 
C) a transmembrane plate 
D) a transmembrane helix 
E) a bent, curved leg

Question 6

Organoid tissues are derived by growing cells from all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) tissue specific stem cells 
B) induced pluripotent stem cells 
C) embryonic stem cells 
D) certain tumor cells 
A) tissue specific stem cells 
B) induced pluripotent stem cells 
C) embryonic stem cells 
D) certain tumor cells

Question 7

Which of the following is typified by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) formation of the mesoderm during gastrulation in a chick or mammalian embryo 
B) cells breaking away from a cohesive epiblast 
C) fusion of sperm and egg 
D) formation of cartilage 
A) formation of the mesoderm during gastrulation in a chick or mammalian embryo 
B) cells breaking away from a cohesive epiblast 
C) fusion of sperm and egg 
D) formation of cartilage

Question 8

Cadherin clusters of adherens junctions _____________. (Select all correct responses)

Accepted Answer

A) connect the external environment to the actin cytoskeleton 
B) do not require calcium ions to perform their function 
C) provide a pathway for signals to be transmitted from the cell exterior to the cytoplasm 
D) connect the external environment to the vimentin cytoskeleton 
A) connect the external environment to the actin cytoskeleton 
B) do not require calcium ions to perform their function 
C) provide a pathway for signals to be transmitted from the cell exterior to the cytoplasm 
D) connect the external environment to the vimentin cytoskeleton

Question 9

Which animal cell structure do plasmodesmata in plants most closely resemble?

Accepted Answer

A) maculae adherens 
B) spot desmosomes 
C) zonulae adherens 
D) gap junctions 
E) zonulae occludens 
A) maculae adherens 
B) spot desmosomes 
C) zonulae adherens 
D) gap junctions 
E) zonulae occludens

Question 10

Focal adhesions ________.

Accepted Answer

A) may act as a type of sensory structure 
B) collect information about the physical properties of the extracellular environment 
C) collect information about the chemical properties of the extracellular environment 
D) transmit information to the cell interior that may lead to changes in cell adhesion, proliferation or survival 
E) all of these are correct 
A) may act as a type of sensory structure 
B) collect information about the physical properties of the extracellular environment 
C) collect information about the chemical properties of the extracellular environment 
D) transmit information to the cell interior that may lead to changes in cell adhesion, proliferation or survival 
E) all of these are correct

Question 11

Mutations in Type I collagen genes cause a potentially lethal condition characterized by extremely fragile bones, thin skin and weak tendons. This condition is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) osteogenesis imperfecta 
B) Ehler-Danlos syndrome 
C) Alport syndrome 
D) dwarfism and skeletal deformities 
E) diabetes 
A) osteogenesis imperfecta 
B) Ehler-Danlos syndrome 
C) Alport syndrome 
D) dwarfism and skeletal deformities 
E) diabetes

Question 12

Desmosomes are particularly numerous in tissues _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) that are subjected to mechanical stress 
B) like cardiac muscle 
C) like the epithelial layers of the skin 
D) like the epithelial layers of the uterine cervix 
E) all of these are correct 
A) that are subjected to mechanical stress 
B) like cardiac muscle 
C) like the epithelial layers of the skin 
D) like the epithelial layers of the uterine cervix 
E) all of these are correct

Question 13

The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) inside-out signaling 
B) outside-in signaling 
C) right-side-out signaling 
D) simple signaling 
E) integrination 
A) inside-out signaling 
B) outside-in signaling 
C) right-side-out signaling 
D) simple signaling 
E) integrination

Question 14

The tightest attachment between a cell and its extracellular matrix is seen at the site where an epithelial cell is attached to the underlying basement membrane. The specialized adhesive structure found at such a site is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) tight junction 
B) spot desmosome 
C) plasmodesma 
D) hemidesmosome 
E) gap junction 
A) tight junction 
B) spot desmosome 
C) plasmodesma 
D) hemidesmosome 
E) gap junction

Question 15

In focal adhesion, large clusters of integrins bond to which component via various adaptors?

Accepted Answer

A) tubulins of the cytoskeleton 
B) myosin of the cytoskeleton 
C) actin of the cytoskeleton 
D) dynein of the cytoskeleton 
E) band III protein of the membrane 
A) tubulins of the cytoskeleton 
B) myosin of the cytoskeleton 
C) actin of the cytoskeleton 
D) dynein of the cytoskeleton 
E) band III protein of the membrane

Question 16

Which of the following tissues are typically derived from mesenchymal cells? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) mesodermal tissues 
B) ectodermal tissues 
C) blood 
D) muscle 
A) mesodermal tissues 
B) ectodermal tissues 
C) blood 
D) muscle

Question 17

The cadherins of the desmosomes ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) have a different domain structure from classical cadherins 
B) are referred to as desmogleins 
C) are called desmocollins 
D) all choices are correct 
A) have a different domain structure from classical cadherins 
B) are referred to as desmogleins 
C) are called desmocollins 
D) all choices are correct

Question 18

Focal adhesions ________.

Accepted Answer

A) have been implicated in cell locomotion 
B) contain integrins that develop transient interactions with the extracellular matrix 
C) collect information about the chemical properties of the extracellular environment 
D) transmit information to the cell interior that may lead to changes in cell adhesion, proliferation or survival 
E) all of these are correct 
A) have been implicated in cell locomotion 
B) contain integrins that develop transient interactions with the extracellular matrix 
C) collect information about the chemical properties of the extracellular environment 
D) transmit information to the cell interior that may lead to changes in cell adhesion, proliferation or survival 
E) all of these are correct

Question 19

The human disease pemphigus vulgaris __________.

Accepted Answer

A) is characterized by a loss of epidermal cell-cell adhesion 
B) is an autoimmune disease 
C) is characterized by severe blistering of the skin 
D) is caused by the production of antibodies against one of the desmogleins 
E) all of these are correct 
A) is characterized by a loss of epidermal cell-cell adhesion 
B) is an autoimmune disease 
C) is characterized by severe blistering of the skin 
D) is caused by the production of antibodies against one of the desmogleins 
E) all of these are correct

Question 20

Patients that have died of L1-deficiency disease are missing a nerve tract that ________. (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) runs between the brain and the spinal cord 
B) runs between the two halves of the brain 
C) runs between the spinal cord and cerebellum 
D) runs between the brain and the endocrine system 
A) runs between the brain and the spinal cord 
B) runs between the two halves of the brain 
C) runs between the spinal cord and cerebellum 
D) runs between the brain and the endocrine system

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant cell wall?

The thicker walls seen in mature plants that no longer allow extensive growth of the cell wall are known as _______.

What is thought to promote the release of future mesoderm cells from an epithelium and their transformation into mesenchymal cells?

In the corneal stroma, the uniformity of collagen fiber size and the ordered packing of the fibers confers what property on the corneal stroma?

In an integrin, what structure is it that crosses the lipid bilayer?

Organoid tissues are derived by growing cells from all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is typified by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT? (Select all correct choices)

Cadherin clusters of adherens junctions _____________. (Select all correct responses)

Which animal cell structure do plasmodesmata in plants most closely resemble?

Focal adhesions ________.

Mutations in Type I collagen genes cause a potentially lethal condition characterized by extremely fragile bones, thin skin and weak tendons. This condition is called _______.

Desmosomes are particularly numerous in tissues _____________.

The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called ________.

The tightest attachment between a cell and its extracellular matrix is seen at the site where an epithelial cell is attached to the underlying basement membrane. The specialized adhesive structure found at such a site is called a(n)________.

In focal adhesion, large clusters of integrins bond to which component via various adaptors?

Which of the following tissues are typically derived from mesenchymal cells? (Select all correct choices)

The cadherins of the desmosomes ____________.

Focal adhesions ________.

The human disease pemphigus vulgaris __________.

Patients that have died of L1-deficiency disease are missing a nerve tract that ________. (Select all that apply)

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 7: Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant cell wall?

The thicker walls seen in mature plants that no longer allow extensive growth of the cell wall are known as _______.

What is thought to promote the release of future mesoderm cells from an epithelium and their transformation into mesenchymal cells?

In the corneal stroma, the uniformity of collagen fiber size and the ordered packing of the fibers confers what property on the corneal stroma?

In an integrin, what structure is it that crosses the lipid bilayer?

Organoid tissues are derived by growing cells from all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is typified by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT? (Select all correct choices)

Cadherin clusters of adherens junctions _____________. (Select all correct responses)

Which animal cell structure do plasmodesmata in plants most closely resemble?

Focal adhesions ________.

Mutations in Type I collagen genes cause a potentially lethal condition characterized by extremely fragile bones, thin skin and weak tendons. This condition is called _______.

Desmosomes are particularly numerous in tissues _____________.

The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called ________.

The tightest attachment between a cell and its extracellular matrix is seen at the site where an epithelial cell is attached to the underlying basement membrane. The specialized adhesive structure found at such a site is called a(n)________.

In focal adhesion, large clusters of integrins bond to which component via various adaptors?

Which of the following tissues are typically derived from mesenchymal cells? (Select all correct choices)

The cadherins of the desmosomes ____________.

Focal adhesions ________.

The human disease pemphigus vulgaris __________.

Patients that have died of L1-deficiency disease are missing a nerve tract that ________. (Select all that apply)

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters