Question 1

Why do cells flatten out as they make contact with a surface?

Accepted Answer

A) They lose water. 
B) They extrude cytoplasm. 
C) They send out projections that make increasingly stable attachments. 
D) Their membranes stiffen. 
E) They make focal assignations. 
A) They lose water. 
B) They extrude cytoplasm. 
C) They send out projections that make increasingly stable attachments. 
D) Their membranes stiffen. 
E) They make focal assignations.

Question 2

What proteins have been shown to be altered by genetic mutations in patients who suffer from epidermolysis bullosa?

Accepted Answer

A) the $\alpha$6 integrin subunit 
B) the $\beta$4 integrin subunit 
C) collagen VII 
D) laminin-5 
E) all of these are possibilities 
A) the $\alpha$6 integrin subunit 
B) the $\beta$4 integrin subunit 
C) collagen VII 
D) laminin-5 
E) all of these are possibilities

Question 3

One small region of a human kidney tubule known as the thick ascending limb (or TAL)has tight junctions that are permeable to magnesium (Mg2+)ions. What is thought to account for the permeability of this tight junction to magnesium ions?

Accepted Answer

A) The membrane in this region is leaky because of special phospholipids. 
B) Loops of claudin molecules that extend into the extracellular space form pores in the TAL. 
C) Loops of claudin molecules that extend into the cytoplasm form pores in the TAL. 
D) Loops of claudin molecules fully embedded in the TAL membrane form pores in the TAL. 
E) Claudin molecules form gap junctions that allow the passage of magnesium ions. 
A) The membrane in this region is leaky because of special phospholipids. 
B) Loops of claudin molecules that extend into the extracellular space form pores in the TAL. 
C) Loops of claudin molecules that extend into the cytoplasm form pores in the TAL. 
D) Loops of claudin molecules fully embedded in the TAL membrane form pores in the TAL. 
E) Claudin molecules form gap junctions that allow the passage of magnesium ions.

Question 4

While most IgSF members are involved in various aspects of immune function, some of them mediate ____________ cell-cell adhesion.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium-dependent 
B) calcium-independent 
C) magnesium-dependent 
D) manganese-dependent 
E) iron-independent 
A) calcium-dependent 
B) calcium-independent 
C) magnesium-dependent 
D) manganese-dependent 
E) iron-independent

Question 5

What challenges faced plants as they adapted to terrestrial, rather than aquatic growth? (Select all correct coices)

Accepted Answer

A) reduced ability to photosynthesize due to less sunlight availability 
B) increased risk of cellular dehydration 
C) increased risk of mutation due to ultraviolet radiation 
D) increased risk of protein or lipid damage due to oxygen exposure 
A) reduced ability to photosynthesize due to less sunlight availability 
B) increased risk of cellular dehydration 
C) increased risk of mutation due to ultraviolet radiation 
D) increased risk of protein or lipid damage due to oxygen exposure

Question 6

Mutations in collagen genes can lead to a variety of distinct but related defects in collagen matrix structure, one of which causes hyperflexible joints and highly extensible skin. These defects are usually referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) osteogenesis imperfecta 
B) Ehler-Danlos syndromes 
C) Alport syndromes 
D) Cushing's syndrome 
E) diabetes 
A) osteogenesis imperfecta 
B) Ehler-Danlos syndromes 
C) Alport syndromes 
D) Cushing's syndrome 
E) diabetes

Question 7

Which characteristics possessed by land plants are lacking in aquatic plants? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) chloroplasts arranged in rosette formations 
B) rosette arrangements of chlorophyll synthase 
C) lower percentages of cellulose in the cell wall 
D) higher percentages of cellulose in the cell wall 
A) chloroplasts arranged in rosette formations 
B) rosette arrangements of chlorophyll synthase 
C) lower percentages of cellulose in the cell wall 
D) higher percentages of cellulose in the cell wall

Question 8

The bonds that selectins form with their ligands become _______ when the interaction is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) stronger, placed under mechanical stress 
B) weaker, placed under mechanical stress 
C) stronger, exposed to a higher temperature 
D) more elastic, exposed to a higher temperature 
E) more elastic, placed under mechanical stress 
A) stronger, placed under mechanical stress 
B) weaker, placed under mechanical stress 
C) stronger, exposed to a higher temperature 
D) more elastic, exposed to a higher temperature 
E) more elastic, placed under mechanical stress

Question 9

Collagen fibrils are strengthened by covalent cross-links between _________ and ________ residues on adjacent collagen molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) lysine, hydroxylysine 
B) proline, hydroxyproline 
C) lysine, hydroxyproline 
D) proline, hydroxylysine 
E) proline, lysine 
A) lysine, hydroxylysine 
B) proline, hydroxyproline 
C) lysine, hydroxyproline 
D) proline, hydroxylysine 
E) proline, lysine

Question 10

If antibodies that neutralize fibronectin are incubated with an embryo through which neural crest cells are migrating, what happens?

Accepted Answer

A) Neural crest cell movements are inhibited. 
B) Neural crest cell movements are excited. 
C) Neural crest cells die. 
D) Neural crest cells divide. 
E) Neural crest cells convert into muscle cells. 
A) Neural crest cell movements are inhibited. 
B) Neural crest cell movements are excited. 
C) Neural crest cells die. 
D) Neural crest cells divide. 
E) Neural crest cells convert into muscle cells.

Question 11

Lymphocyte homing can be blocked in what way?

Accepted Answer

A) Treatment with antibodies against specific lymphocyte surface glycoproteins 
B) Treatment with antibodies against specific IgSFs 
C) Treatment with antibodies against specific integrins 
D) Treatment with antibodies against specific ECM glycoproteins 
E) Treatment with antibodies against specific cadherins 
A) Treatment with antibodies against specific lymphocyte surface glycoproteins 
B) Treatment with antibodies against specific IgSFs 
C) Treatment with antibodies against specific integrins 
D) Treatment with antibodies against specific ECM glycoproteins 
E) Treatment with antibodies against specific cadherins

Question 12

Three dimensional masses of organ tissues grown in vitro are called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) organs 
B) organoids 
C) organelles 
D) organic matrices 
A) organs 
B) organoids 
C) organelles 
D) organic matrices

Question 13

________ are members of an integral membrane glycoprotein family that bind to specific sugar arrangements in oligosaccharides that project from the surfaces of other cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Selectins 
B) Integrins 
C) Immunoglobulin super family proteins 
D) Cadherins 
E) Calmodulins 
A) Selectins 
B) Integrins 
C) Immunoglobulin super family proteins 
D) Cadherins 
E) Calmodulins

Question 14

Which tissues below are typically derived from the single-celled epithelium on the dorsal surface of a chick embryo after gastrulation?

Accepted Answer

A) muscle 
B) skin, ectodermal tissues and the nervous system 
C) only skin 
D) only ectodermal tissues 
E) only tissues of the nervous system 
A) muscle 
B) skin, ectodermal tissues and the nervous system 
C) only skin 
D) only ectodermal tissues 
E) only tissues of the nervous system

Question 15

The opening in the center of a connexon that allows the passage of solutes between cells is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) connexin 
B) annulus 
C) cumulous 
D) lunulus 
E) limulus 
A) connexin 
B) annulus 
C) cumulous 
D) lunulus 
E) limulus

Question 16

What could be defined as an organized network of extracellular materials found beyond the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) intracellular matrix 
B) extracellular matrix 
C) extracellular nexus 
D) intercellular material 
E) epicellular matrix 
A) intracellular matrix 
B) extracellular matrix 
C) extracellular nexus 
D) intercellular material 
E) epicellular matrix

Question 17

You place mammary gland epithelial cells in culture and then treat them with enzymes that digest the surrounding extracellular matrix. What happens?

Accepted Answer

A) The secretory and synthetic activities of the cells decrease. 
B) The secretory and synthetic activities of the cells increase. 
C) The cells die. 
D) The cells differentiate. 
E) The secretory and synthetic activities of the cells do not change. 
A) The secretory and synthetic activities of the cells decrease. 
B) The secretory and synthetic activities of the cells increase. 
C) The cells die. 
D) The cells differentiate. 
E) The secretory and synthetic activities of the cells do not change.

Question 18

From what cell organelle does the desmotubule appear to be derived?

Accepted Answer

A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the two cells 
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum of the two cells 
C) Golgi apparatus of the two cells 
D) secretory vesicles of the two cells 
E) cell wall of both cells 
A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the two cells 
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum of the two cells 
C) Golgi apparatus of the two cells 
D) secretory vesicles of the two cells 
E) cell wall of both cells

Question 19

Which plant cell wall molecule is economically important as a component essential for the production of jams and jellies?

Accepted Answer

A) hemicellulose 
B) pectin 
C) amylopectin 
D) proteins 
E) desmotubulin 
A) hemicellulose 
B) pectin 
C) amylopectin 
D) proteins 
E) desmotubulin

Question 20

What ion is NOT known to bind to integrins?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) magnesium 
C) sodium 
D) divalent cations 
E) manganese 
A) calcium 
B) magnesium 
C) sodium 
D) divalent cations 
E) manganese

Why do cells flatten out as they make contact with a surface?

What proteins have been shown to be altered by genetic mutations in patients who suffer from epidermolysis bullosa?

One small region of a human kidney tubule known as the thick ascending limb (or TAL)has tight junctions that are permeable to magnesium (Mg²⁺)ions. What is thought to account for the permeability of this tight junction to magnesium ions?

While most IgSF members are involved in various aspects of immune function, some of them mediate ____________ cell-cell adhesion.

What challenges faced plants as they adapted to terrestrial, rather than aquatic growth? (Select all correct coices)

Mutations in collagen genes can lead to a variety of distinct but related defects in collagen matrix structure, one of which causes hyperflexible joints and highly extensible skin. These defects are usually referred to as ______.

Which characteristics possessed by land plants are lacking in aquatic plants? (Select all correct choices)

The bonds that selectins form with their ligands become _ when the interaction is ____.

Collagen fibrils are strengthened by covalent cross-links between _ and residues on adjacent collagen molecules.

If antibodies that neutralize fibronectin are incubated with an embryo through which neural crest cells are migrating, what happens?

Lymphocyte homing can be blocked in what way?

Three dimensional masses of organ tissues grown in vitro are called ___________.

________ are members of an integral membrane glycoprotein family that bind to specific sugar arrangements in oligosaccharides that project from the surfaces of other cells.

Which tissues below are typically derived from the single-celled epithelium on the dorsal surface of a chick embryo after gastrulation?

The opening in the center of a connexon that allows the passage of solutes between cells is called a(n)________.

What could be defined as an organized network of extracellular materials found beyond the plasma membrane?

You place mammary gland epithelial cells in culture and then treat them with enzymes that digest the surrounding extracellular matrix. What happens?

From what cell organelle does the desmotubule appear to be derived?

Which plant cell wall molecule is economically important as a component essential for the production of jams and jellies?

What ion is NOT known to bind to integrins?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 7: Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Why do cells flatten out as they make contact with a surface?

What proteins have been shown to be altered by genetic mutations in patients who suffer from epidermolysis bullosa?

One small region of a human kidney tubule known as the thick ascending limb (or TAL)has tight junctions that are permeable to magnesium (Mg2+)ions. What is thought to account for the permeability of this tight junction to magnesium ions?

While most IgSF members are involved in various aspects of immune function, some of them mediate ____________ cell-cell adhesion.

What challenges faced plants as they adapted to terrestrial, rather than aquatic growth? (Select all correct coices)

Mutations in collagen genes can lead to a variety of distinct but related defects in collagen matrix structure, one of which causes hyperflexible joints and highly extensible skin. These defects are usually referred to as ______.

Which characteristics possessed by land plants are lacking in aquatic plants? (Select all correct choices)

The bonds that selectins form with their ligands become _______ when the interaction is __________.

Collagen fibrils are strengthened by covalent cross-links between _________ and ________ residues on adjacent collagen molecules.

If antibodies that neutralize fibronectin are incubated with an embryo through which neural crest cells are migrating, what happens?

Lymphocyte homing can be blocked in what way?

Three dimensional masses of organ tissues grown in vitro are called ___________.

________ are members of an integral membrane glycoprotein family that bind to specific sugar arrangements in oligosaccharides that project from the surfaces of other cells.

Which tissues below are typically derived from the single-celled epithelium on the dorsal surface of a chick embryo after gastrulation?

The opening in the center of a connexon that allows the passage of solutes between cells is called a(n)________.

What could be defined as an organized network of extracellular materials found beyond the plasma membrane?

You place mammary gland epithelial cells in culture and then treat them with enzymes that digest the surrounding extracellular matrix. What happens?

From what cell organelle does the desmotubule appear to be derived?

Which plant cell wall molecule is economically important as a component essential for the production of jams and jellies?

What ion is NOT known to bind to integrins?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

One small region of a human kidney tubule known as the thick ascending limb (or TAL)has tight junctions that are permeable to magnesium (Mg²⁺)ions. What is thought to account for the permeability of this tight junction to magnesium ions?

The bonds that selectins form with their ligands become _ when the interaction is ____.

Collagen fibrils are strengthened by covalent cross-links between _ and residues on adjacent collagen molecules.