Question 1

What is caused by the inability of Na+ ion channels to open for several milliseconds after their inactivation?

Accepted Answer

A) hyperpolarization 
B) depolarization 
C) termination 
D) a refractory period 
E) an action potential 
A) hyperpolarization 
B) depolarization 
C) termination 
D) a refractory period 
E) an action potential

Question 2

In what way can a given solute get through a membrane? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) The solute can pass through the bilayer. 
B) The solute can pass through cholesterol. 
C) The solute can pass through an aqueous channel. 
D) The solute can pass through a pore. 
A) The solute can pass through the bilayer. 
B) The solute can pass through cholesterol. 
C) The solute can pass through an aqueous channel. 
D) The solute can pass through a pore.

Question 3

What word describes a molecule that contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions?

Accepted Answer

A) amphoteric 
B) ambidextrous 
C) amphipathic 
D) rings 
E) straight 
A) amphoteric 
B) ambidextrous 
C) amphipathic 
D) rings 
E) straight

Question 4

What causes the refractory period in sodium channels after an action potential has been initiated? (Select all correct responses)

Accepted Answer

A) The sodium channels must close before they can be reopened in response to another stimulus. 
B) The ion channel can only transform from the inactivated to the closed conformation after the inactivating peptide has swung out of the pore opening. 
C) The ion channel can only transform from the closed to the inactivated conformation after the inactivating peptide has swung out of the pore opening. 
D) The inactivating peptide must bind to the pore opening more tightly before the channel can be restimulated. 
A) The sodium channels must close before they can be reopened in response to another stimulus. 
B) The ion channel can only transform from the inactivated to the closed conformation after the inactivating peptide has swung out of the pore opening. 
C) The ion channel can only transform from the closed to the inactivated conformation after the inactivating peptide has swung out of the pore opening. 
D) The inactivating peptide must bind to the pore opening more tightly before the channel can be restimulated.

Question 5

Cocaine acts by _________.

Accepted Answer

A) enhancing the degradation of acetylcholine 
B) depressing the degradation of acetylcholine 
C) interfering with dopamine reuptake from the synaptic cleft 
D) enhancing dopamine reuptake from the synaptic cleft 
E) destroying dopamine in the synapse 
A) enhancing the degradation of acetylcholine 
B) depressing the degradation of acetylcholine 
C) interfering with dopamine reuptake from the synaptic cleft 
D) enhancing dopamine reuptake from the synaptic cleft 
E) destroying dopamine in the synapse

Question 6

What characterizes the amino acids that are found in an $\alpha$-helical segment that spans a membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) exclusively circular 
B) predominantly hydrophilic 
C) predominantly hydrophobic 
D) predominantly antiparallel 
E) totally parallel 
A) exclusively circular 
B) predominantly hydrophilic 
C) predominantly hydrophobic 
D) predominantly antiparallel 
E) totally parallel

Question 7

Referring to Figure 4.9 (Insert Figure 4.9 if necessary)which statements regarding the stealth liposome are correct? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) The polyethylene glycol will protect the stealth liposome from destruction by immune cells. 
B) Antibodies in the stealth liposome membrane will target it to the specific body tissues for which it is intended. 
C) Lipid-soluble drugs are found in the stealth liposome's lipid bilayer and the water-soluble drugs are found in the fluid-filled interior chamber of the stealth liposome. 
D) Lipid-soluble drugs are found in the lipid-filled interior chamber of the stealth liposome and the water-soluble drugs are found in stealth liposome's lipid bilayer. 
A) The polyethylene glycol will protect the stealth liposome from destruction by immune cells. 
B) Antibodies in the stealth liposome membrane will target it to the specific body tissues for which it is intended. 
C) Lipid-soluble drugs are found in the stealth liposome's lipid bilayer and the water-soluble drugs are found in the fluid-filled interior chamber of the stealth liposome. 
D) Lipid-soluble drugs are found in the lipid-filled interior chamber of the stealth liposome and the water-soluble drugs are found in stealth liposome's lipid bilayer.

Question 8

People who have the AB blood type possess _____________. (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) an enzyme that adds an N-acetylgalactosamine to the end of the oligosaccharide chain on RBC membrane glycolipids 
B) an enzyme that adds a galactose to the end of the oligosaccharide chain on RBC membrane glycolipids 
C) an enzyme that adds phospholipids to the end of the oligosaccharide chain on RBC membrane glycolipids 
D) no enzymes capable of attaching galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine to the end of the oligosaccharide chain on RBC membrane glycolipids 
A) an enzyme that adds an N-acetylgalactosamine to the end of the oligosaccharide chain on RBC membrane glycolipids 
B) an enzyme that adds a galactose to the end of the oligosaccharide chain on RBC membrane glycolipids 
C) an enzyme that adds phospholipids to the end of the oligosaccharide chain on RBC membrane glycolipids 
D) no enzymes capable of attaching galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine to the end of the oligosaccharide chain on RBC membrane glycolipids

Question 9

Arabidopsis membrane depolarization is characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) plasma membrane depolarization spreads by passive electrical conduction 
B) depolarization lasts much longer than a typical animal neuron action potential 
C) Arabidopsis mutants can be used to identify receptors and ion channels involved in the depolarization events 
D) depolarization leads to the response of increased photosynthesis by Arabidopsis 
A) plasma membrane depolarization spreads by passive electrical conduction 
B) depolarization lasts much longer than a typical animal neuron action potential 
C) Arabidopsis mutants can be used to identify receptors and ion channels involved in the depolarization events 
D) depolarization leads to the response of increased photosynthesis by Arabidopsis

Question 10

What happens after a subthreshold depolarization?

Accepted Answer

A) a full action potential 
B) a partial action potential 
C) no action potential 
D) a proportional action potential 
E) a reversal of the direction of the neural impulse 
A) a full action potential 
B) a partial action potential 
C) no action potential 
D) a proportional action potential 
E) a reversal of the direction of the neural impulse

Question 11

Venus fly trap responses to action potentials are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) immediate closure of the trap after a single stimulus 
B) closure of the trap after 30 stimuli 
C) weak closure when a larger number of stimuli are received 
D) firm closure of the trap when a large number of stimuli are received 
A) immediate closure of the trap after a single stimulus 
B) closure of the trap after 30 stimuli 
C) weak closure when a larger number of stimuli are received 
D) firm closure of the trap when a large number of stimuli are received

Question 12

What is thought to cause the 1 ms inactive time after a sodium channel initiates an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A) a higher positive charge 
B) a higher negative charge 
C) the presence of an inactivating peptide in the opening of the channel pore 
D) removal of a peptide from the channel protein 
E) covalent addition of a peptide to the cytoplasmic end of the channel protein 
A) a higher positive charge 
B) a higher negative charge 
C) the presence of an inactivating peptide in the opening of the channel pore 
D) removal of a peptide from the channel protein 
E) covalent addition of a peptide to the cytoplasmic end of the channel protein

Question 13

In a comparison of action potentials occurring in plant versus animal cells, which of the following statements is/are correct? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) Plant cells have a higher chloride ion concentration outside the cell than inside, similar to animal neuronal cells. 
B) Plant cells have a higher chloride ion concentration outside the cell than inside, which is the opposite of the animal neuron cell concentrations. 
C) Plant action potentials are triggered by mechanosensory ion channels while animal action potentials are triggered by voltage dependent ion channels. 
D) In plant cells, chloride ion flux results in an action potential, while sodium ion flux initiates an animal neuron action potential. 
A) Plant cells have a higher chloride ion concentration outside the cell than inside, similar to animal neuronal cells. 
B) Plant cells have a higher chloride ion concentration outside the cell than inside, which is the opposite of the animal neuron cell concentrations. 
C) Plant action potentials are triggered by mechanosensory ion channels while animal action potentials are triggered by voltage dependent ion channels. 
D) In plant cells, chloride ion flux results in an action potential, while sodium ion flux initiates an animal neuron action potential.

Question 14

Which of the following genetic diseases is characterized by fragile, abnormally shaped erythrocytes and has been traced to mutations in ankyrin or spectrin?

Accepted Answer

A) hemophilia 
B) sickle cell anemia 
C) hemolytic anemias 
D) leukemia 
E) erythroblastosis 
A) hemophilia 
B) sickle cell anemia 
C) hemolytic anemias 
D) leukemia 
E) erythroblastosis

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an observed function of peripheral proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical support for membrane 
B) enzyme activity 
C) receptor activity 
D) anchor for integral proteins 
E) factors that transmit transmembrane signals 
A) mechanical support for membrane 
B) enzyme activity 
C) receptor activity 
D) anchor for integral proteins 
E) factors that transmit transmembrane signals

Question 16

What technique is often used to identify transmembrane segments of integral proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Lineweaver-Burk plot 
B) Michaelis-Menten plot 
C) hydrophilicity plot 
D) hydropathy plot 
E) titration plot 
A) Lineweaver-Burk plot 
B) Michaelis-Menten plot 
C) hydrophilicity plot 
D) hydropathy plot 
E) titration plot

Question 17

Enzymes that move certain phospholipids between leaflets also have which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

A) able to establish and maintain membrane lipid asymmetry 
B) interact with neighboring epithelial cells, or the basal membrane 
C) block post-synaptic membrane signals 
D) transport proteins across the membrane 
E) all of the above 
A) able to establish and maintain membrane lipid asymmetry 
B) interact with neighboring epithelial cells, or the basal membrane 
C) block post-synaptic membrane signals 
D) transport proteins across the membrane 
E) all of the above

Question 18

_________ is a technique that can be used to trap integral proteins and drag them through the membrane with a known force, using forces generated by a focused laser beam.

Accepted Answer

A) FRAP 
B) SPT 
C) fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 
D) optical tweezer manipulation 
E) SDS-PAGE 
A) FRAP 
B) SPT 
C) fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 
D) optical tweezer manipulation 
E) SDS-PAGE

Question 19

A transport system that moves one solute into the cell and another one out of the cell during a single cycle accompanied by the expenditure of energy through ATP hydrolysis could be called _______

Accepted Answer

A) an active antiport 
B) an active uniport 
C) a passive antiport 
D) an active symport 
E) a passive symport 
A) an active antiport 
B) an active uniport 
C) a passive antiport 
D) an active symport 
E) a passive symport

Question 20

How was the asymmetry of membrane lipids discovered?

Accepted Answer

A) visualization in the electron microscope 
B) observationwith a special stain in the light microscope 
C) treatment of intact red blood cells with phospholipases 
D) treatment of intact red blood cells with trypsin 
E) treatment of liver cells with phospholipases 
A) visualization in the electron microscope 
B) observationwith a special stain in the light microscope 
C) treatment of intact red blood cells with phospholipases 
D) treatment of intact red blood cells with trypsin 
E) treatment of liver cells with phospholipases

What is caused by the inability of Na⁺ ion channels to open for several milliseconds after their inactivation?

In what way can a given solute get through a membrane? (Select all correct choices)

What word describes a molecule that contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions?

What causes the refractory period in sodium channels after an action potential has been initiated? (Select all correct responses)

Cocaine acts by _________.

What characterizes the amino acids that are found in an $\alpha$ -helical segment that spans a membrane?

Referring to Figure 4.9 (Insert Figure 4.9 if necessary)which statements regarding the stealth liposome are correct? (Select all that apply)

People who have the AB blood type possess _____________. (Select all correct choices)

Arabidopsis membrane depolarization is characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:

What happens after a subthreshold depolarization?

Venus fly trap responses to action potentials are characterized by:

What is thought to cause the 1 ms inactive time after a sodium channel initiates an action potential?

In a comparison of action potentials occurring in plant versus animal cells, which of the following statements is/are correct? (Select all correct choices)

Which of the following genetic diseases is characterized by fragile, abnormally shaped erythrocytes and has been traced to mutations in ankyrin or spectrin?

Which of the following is NOT an observed function of peripheral proteins?

What technique is often used to identify transmembrane segments of integral proteins?

Enzymes that move certain phospholipids between leaflets also have which of the following properties?

_________ is a technique that can be used to trap integral proteins and drag them through the membrane with a known force, using forces generated by a focused laser beam.

A transport system that moves one solute into the cell and another one out of the cell during a single cycle accompanied by the expenditure of energy through ATP hydrolysis could be called _______

How was the asymmetry of membrane lipids discovered?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 4: The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

What is caused by the inability of Na+ ion channels to open for several milliseconds after their inactivation?

In what way can a given solute get through a membrane? (Select all correct choices)

What word describes a molecule that contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions?

What causes the refractory period in sodium channels after an action potential has been initiated? (Select all correct responses)

Cocaine acts by _________.

What characterizes the amino acids that are found in an α\alphaα -helical segment that spans a membrane?

Referring to Figure 4.9 (Insert Figure 4.9 if necessary)which statements regarding the stealth liposome are correct? (Select all that apply)

People who have the AB blood type possess _____________. (Select all correct choices)

Arabidopsis membrane depolarization is characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:

What happens after a subthreshold depolarization?

Venus fly trap responses to action potentials are characterized by:

What is thought to cause the 1 ms inactive time after a sodium channel initiates an action potential?

In a comparison of action potentials occurring in plant versus animal cells, which of the following statements is/are correct? (Select all correct choices)

Which of the following genetic diseases is characterized by fragile, abnormally shaped erythrocytes and has been traced to mutations in ankyrin or spectrin?

Which of the following is NOT an observed function of peripheral proteins?

What technique is often used to identify transmembrane segments of integral proteins?

Enzymes that move certain phospholipids between leaflets also have which of the following properties?

_________ is a technique that can be used to trap integral proteins and drag them through the membrane with a known force, using forces generated by a focused laser beam.

A transport system that moves one solute into the cell and another one out of the cell during a single cycle accompanied by the expenditure of energy through ATP hydrolysis could be called _______

How was the asymmetry of membrane lipids discovered?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

What is caused by the inability of Na⁺ ion channels to open for several milliseconds after their inactivation?

What characterizes the amino acids that are found in an $\alpha$ -helical segment that spans a membrane?