Question 1

Epidemiological studies prove cause-and-effect relationships.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The statement,"Low vegetable and fruit intake is related to the development of cancer" is an example of _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​statistical significance 
B) an association 
C) cause and effect 
D) a control effect 
E) ​a hypothesis 
A) ​statistical significance 
B) an association 
C) cause and effect 
D) a control effect 
E) ​a hypothesis

Question 3

Research designs are often based on the answers to specific questions including,_____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​"Should a placebo be used?" 
B) "What information needs to be collected?" 
C) "What is the easiest way to collect the needed information?" 
D) "What significant information will get the study published?" 
E) ​"Is the supplement given to the subjects safe?" 
A) ​"Should a placebo be used?" 
B) "What information needs to be collected?" 
C) "What is the easiest way to collect the needed information?" 
D) "What significant information will get the study published?" 
E) ​"Is the supplement given to the subjects safe?"

Question 4

A college student who has been feeling fatigued decides to take an energy-boosting supplement advertised on a television infomercial and endorsed by a professional athlete.She reports feeling more energetic after taking the supplement but later discovers the supplement is only made of sugar.The student most likely experienced _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​the effectiveness of the energy supplement working in her body 
B) the placebo effect 
C) an increase in nerve impulse velocity caused by the sugar tablet 
D) an increase in blood pressure 
E) ​a decrease in blood pressure 
A) ​the effectiveness of the energy supplement working in her body 
B) the placebo effect 
C) an increase in nerve impulse velocity caused by the sugar tablet 
D) an increase in blood pressure 
E) ​a decrease in blood pressure

Question 5

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​cause and effect

Accepted Answer

A) research that seeks to identify conditions related to particular events within a population 
B) subjects in a study who do not receive the active treatment 
C) statement made prior to initiating a study of the relationship sought to be tested by the research 
D) changes in health or perceived health that result from expectations that a "treatment" will produce an effect on health 
E) subjects in a study who receive the treatment being tested
F)study design in which one group of randomly assigned subjects receives an active treatment and another group receives an inactive treatment
G)a finding that demonstrates that a condition causes a particular event
H)analysis of data from multiple studies
I)imitation treatment given to subjects
J)research findings that likely represent a true or actual result and not one due to chance
K)study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which subjects are receiving the active treatment and which are receiving the placebo
L)evaluation of the scientific merit of research or scientific reports by experts in the area under review
M)finding that one condition is correlated with,or related to another condition
N)scrutinizes research plans to make sure proposed studies follow the rules governing research on human subjects
O)aims to ensure that the United States food supply is safe 
A) research that seeks to identify conditions related to particular events within a population 
B) subjects in a study who do not receive the active treatment 
C) statement made prior to initiating a study of the relationship sought to be tested by the research 
D) changes in health or perceived health that result from expectations that a "treatment" will produce an effect on health 
E) subjects in a study who receive the treatment being tested
F)study design in which one group of randomly assigned subjects receives an active treatment and another group receives an inactive treatment
G)a finding that demonstrates that a condition causes a particular event
H)analysis of data from multiple studies
I)imitation treatment given to subjects
J)research findings that likely represent a true or actual result and not one due to chance
K)study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which subjects are receiving the active treatment and which are receiving the placebo
L)evaluation of the scientific merit of research or scientific reports by experts in the area under review
M)finding that one condition is correlated with,or related to another condition
N)scrutinizes research plans to make sure proposed studies follow the rules governing research on human subjects
O)aims to ensure that the United States food supply is safe

Question 6

Why should consumers be suspicious of the product?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​The name implies the product has magical properties but doesn't sounds like it works. 
B) It sounds too good to be true and relies on research evidence. 
C) It is impossible to gain muscle mass using supplements. 
D) There is no obvious reason to be suspicious about the supplement's name. 
E) ​The name implies the product has magical properties and it sounds too good to be true. 
A) ​The name implies the product has magical properties but doesn't sounds like it works. 
B) It sounds too good to be true and relies on research evidence. 
C) It is impossible to gain muscle mass using supplements. 
D) There is no obvious reason to be suspicious about the supplement's name. 
E) ​The name implies the product has magical properties and it sounds too good to be true.

Question 7

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-placebo effect​

Accepted Answer

A) research that seeks to identify conditions related to particular events within a population 
B) subjects in a study who do not receive the active treatment 
C) statement made prior to initiating a study of the relationship sought to be tested by the research 
D) changes in health or perceived health that result from expectations that a "treatment" will produce an effect on health 
E) subjects in a study who receive the treatment being tested
F)study design in which one group of randomly assigned subjects receives an active treatment and another group receives an inactive treatment
G)a finding that demonstrates that a condition causes a particular event
H)analysis of data from multiple studies
I)imitation treatment given to subjects
J)research findings that likely represent a true or actual result and not one due to chance
K)study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which subjects are receiving the active treatment and which are receiving the placebo
L)evaluation of the scientific merit of research or scientific reports by experts in the area under review
M)finding that one condition is correlated with,or related to another condition
N)scrutinizes research plans to make sure proposed studies follow the rules governing research on human subjects
O)aims to ensure that the United States food supply is safe 
A) research that seeks to identify conditions related to particular events within a population 
B) subjects in a study who do not receive the active treatment 
C) statement made prior to initiating a study of the relationship sought to be tested by the research 
D) changes in health or perceived health that result from expectations that a "treatment" will produce an effect on health 
E) subjects in a study who receive the treatment being tested
F)study design in which one group of randomly assigned subjects receives an active treatment and another group receives an inactive treatment
G)a finding that demonstrates that a condition causes a particular event
H)analysis of data from multiple studies
I)imitation treatment given to subjects
J)research findings that likely represent a true or actual result and not one due to chance
K)study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which subjects are receiving the active treatment and which are receiving the placebo
L)evaluation of the scientific merit of research or scientific reports by experts in the area under review
M)finding that one condition is correlated with,or related to another condition
N)scrutinizes research plans to make sure proposed studies follow the rules governing research on human subjects
O)aims to ensure that the United States food supply is safe

Question 8

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​association

Accepted Answer

A) research that seeks to identify conditions related to particular events within a population 
B) subjects in a study who do not receive the active treatment 
C) statement made prior to initiating a study of the relationship sought to be tested by the research 
D) changes in health or perceived health that result from expectations that a "treatment" will produce an effect on health 
E) subjects in a study who receive the treatment being tested
F)study design in which one group of randomly assigned subjects receives an active treatment and another group receives an inactive treatment
G)a finding that demonstrates that a condition causes a particular event
H)analysis of data from multiple studies
I)imitation treatment given to subjects
J)research findings that likely represent a true or actual result and not one due to chance
K)study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which subjects are receiving the active treatment and which are receiving the placebo
L)evaluation of the scientific merit of research or scientific reports by experts in the area under review
M)finding that one condition is correlated with,or related to another condition
N)scrutinizes research plans to make sure proposed studies follow the rules governing research on human subjects
O)aims to ensure that the United States food supply is safe 
A) research that seeks to identify conditions related to particular events within a population 
B) subjects in a study who do not receive the active treatment 
C) statement made prior to initiating a study of the relationship sought to be tested by the research 
D) changes in health or perceived health that result from expectations that a "treatment" will produce an effect on health 
E) subjects in a study who receive the treatment being tested
F)study design in which one group of randomly assigned subjects receives an active treatment and another group receives an inactive treatment
G)a finding that demonstrates that a condition causes a particular event
H)analysis of data from multiple studies
I)imitation treatment given to subjects
J)research findings that likely represent a true or actual result and not one due to chance
K)study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which subjects are receiving the active treatment and which are receiving the placebo
L)evaluation of the scientific merit of research or scientific reports by experts in the area under review
M)finding that one condition is correlated with,or related to another condition
N)scrutinizes research plans to make sure proposed studies follow the rules governing research on human subjects
O)aims to ensure that the United States food supply is safe

Question 9

A study in which neither the subjects participating in the research nor the scientists performing the research know which subjects are receiving the treatment and which are getting the placebo is known as a(n)_____ study.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​double-blind 
B) half-blind 
C) confidential 
D) crossover 
E) ​observational 
A) ​double-blind 
B) half-blind 
C) confidential 
D) crossover 
E) ​observational

Question 10

Which individual would be the most reliable source for nutrition information?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​a student who has taken a nutrition class and calls himself a nutritionist 
B) a registered dietitian working in a clinical setting 
C) an Internet blogger with great advice on dietary supplements 
D) a salesperson at a dietary supplement store 
E) ​an aerobics instructor working at a health club 
A) ​a student who has taken a nutrition class and calls himself a nutritionist 
B) a registered dietitian working in a clinical setting 
C) an Internet blogger with great advice on dietary supplements 
D) a salesperson at a dietary supplement store 
E) ​an aerobics instructor working at a health club

Question 11

Approval to study human subjects must be obtained from the _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​research subjects 
B) institutional review board 
C) FTC 
D) FDA 
E) ​USDA 
A) ​research subjects 
B) institutional review board 
C) FTC 
D) FDA 
E) ​USDA

Question 12

One or two subjects are generally enough to prove a claim about nutrition.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​clinical trial

Accepted Answer

A) research that seeks to identify conditions related to particular events within a population 
B) subjects in a study who do not receive the active treatment 
C) statement made prior to initiating a study of the relationship sought to be tested by the research 
D) changes in health or perceived health that result from expectations that a "treatment" will produce an effect on health 
E) subjects in a study who receive the treatment being tested
F)study design in which one group of randomly assigned subjects receives an active treatment and another group receives an inactive treatment
G)a finding that demonstrates that a condition causes a particular event
H)analysis of data from multiple studies
I)imitation treatment given to subjects
J)research findings that likely represent a true or actual result and not one due to chance
K)study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which subjects are receiving the active treatment and which are receiving the placebo
L)evaluation of the scientific merit of research or scientific reports by experts in the area under review
M)finding that one condition is correlated with,or related to another condition
N)scrutinizes research plans to make sure proposed studies follow the rules governing research on human subjects
O)aims to ensure that the United States food supply is safe 
A) research that seeks to identify conditions related to particular events within a population 
B) subjects in a study who do not receive the active treatment 
C) statement made prior to initiating a study of the relationship sought to be tested by the research 
D) changes in health or perceived health that result from expectations that a "treatment" will produce an effect on health 
E) subjects in a study who receive the treatment being tested
F)study design in which one group of randomly assigned subjects receives an active treatment and another group receives an inactive treatment
G)a finding that demonstrates that a condition causes a particular event
H)analysis of data from multiple studies
I)imitation treatment given to subjects
J)research findings that likely represent a true or actual result and not one due to chance
K)study in which neither the subjects nor the scientists know which subjects are receiving the active treatment and which are receiving the placebo
L)evaluation of the scientific merit of research or scientific reports by experts in the area under review
M)finding that one condition is correlated with,or related to another condition
N)scrutinizes research plans to make sure proposed studies follow the rules governing research on human subjects
O)aims to ensure that the United States food supply is safe

Question 14

Identify the reasons why Americans may believe highly questionable claims about nutrition-related products and be willing to buy and try the products.​

Accepted Answer

​
People may believe highly questionable

Question 15

The group of subjects that receives a placebo as a part of the research is called the _____ group.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​experimental 
B) placebo 
C) control 
D) hypothesis 
E) ​epidemiology 
A) ​experimental 
B) placebo 
C) control 
D) hypothesis 
E) ​epidemiology

Question 16

The hypothesis is a statement that can be proved or disproved by the research.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is a reliable source of nutrition information?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​natural grocery store pamphlet 
B) diet book 
C) registered dietitian 
D) friends on a diet 
E) ​pharmaceutical ads 
A) ​natural grocery store pamphlet 
B) diet book 
C) registered dietitian 
D) friends on a diet 
E) ​pharmaceutical ads

Question 18

​Which term in an advertisement should raise a red flag as to the validity of the product?

Accepted Answer

A) ​clinical 
B) diagnosis 
C) medical 
D) detoxify 
E) ​treatment 
A) ​clinical 
B) diagnosis 
C) medical 
D) detoxify 
E) ​treatment

Question 19

The type of research design used in a research study should be determined after approval for the research is obtained from the institutional review board.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The purpose of clinical trials is to _____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​review and report previous research outcomes 
B) study the relationship between events in a population and specific health conditions 
C) examine the effect of an event on animal subjects 
D) utilize case histories to derive scientific conclusions 
E) ​test the effects of a treatment on a specific biological event or other measurable outcome 
A) ​review and report previous research outcomes 
B) study the relationship between events in a population and specific health conditions 
C) examine the effect of an event on animal subjects 
D) utilize case histories to derive scientific conclusions 
E) ​test the effects of a treatment on a specific biological event or other measurable outcome

Exam 3: Ways of Knowing about Nutrition

Epidemiological studies prove cause-and-effect relationships.​

The statement,"Low vegetable and fruit intake is related to the development of cancer" is an example of _____.​

Research designs are often based on the answers to specific questions including,_____.​

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​cause and effect

Why should consumers be suspicious of the product?​

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -placebo effect​

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​association

A study in which neither the subjects participating in the research nor the scientists performing the research know which subjects are receiving the treatment and which are getting the placebo is known as a(n)_____ study.​

Which individual would be the most reliable source for nutrition information?​

Approval to study human subjects must be obtained from the _____.​

One or two subjects are generally enough to prove a claim about nutrition.​

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​clinical trial

Identify the reasons why Americans may believe highly questionable claims about nutrition-related products and be willing to buy and try the products.​

The group of subjects that receives a placebo as a part of the research is called the _____ group.​

The hypothesis is a statement that can be proved or disproved by the research.​

What is a reliable source of nutrition information?​

​Which term in an advertisement should raise a red flag as to the validity of the product?

The type of research design used in a research study should be determined after approval for the research is obtained from the institutional review board.​

The purpose of clinical trials is to _____.​

Key Nutrition Concepts and Terms

The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health

Understanding Food and Nutrition Labels

Nutrition, Attitudes, and Behavior

Healthy Diets: the Dietary Guidelines: MyPlate: and More

How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption

Calories: Food: Energy: and Energy Balance

Obesity to Underweight: The Highs and Lows of Weight Status

Weight Control: The Myths and Realities

Disordered Eating:Anorexia Nervosa: Bulimia: and Pica

Useful Facts about Sugars: Starches: and Fiber

Diabetes Now

Alcohol: The Positives and Negatives

Proteins and Amino Acids

Vegetarian Diets

Food Allergies and Intolerances

Fats and Cholesterol in Health

Nutrition and Heart Disease

Vitamins and Your Health

Phytochemicals

Diet and Cancer

Good Things to Know About Minerals

Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods

Water Is an Essential Nutrient

Nutrition:Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

Nutrition and Physical Fitness for Everyone

Nutrition and Physical Performance

Good Nutrition for Life: Pregnancy: Breastfeeding: and Intimacy

Nutriton for Growing Years: Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition and Health Maintenance for Adults of All Ages

The Multiple Dimensions of Food Safety

Aspects of Global Nutrition

Filters

Epidemiological studies prove cause-and-effect relationships.

The statement,"Low vegetable and fruit intake is related to the development of cancer" is an example of _____.

Research designs are often based on the answers to specific questions including,_____.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -cause and effect

Why should consumers be suspicious of the product?

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -placebo effect

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -association

A study in which neither the subjects participating in the research nor the scientists performing the research know which subjects are receiving the treatment and which are getting the placebo is known as a(n)_____ study.

Which individual would be the most reliable source for nutrition information?

Approval to study human subjects must be obtained from the _____.

One or two subjects are generally enough to prove a claim about nutrition.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -clinical trial

Identify the reasons why Americans may believe highly questionable claims about nutrition-related products and be willing to buy and try the products.

The group of subjects that receives a placebo as a part of the research is called the _____ group.

The hypothesis is a statement that can be proved or disproved by the research.

What is a reliable source of nutrition information?

Which term in an advertisement should raise a red flag as to the validity of the product?

The type of research design used in a research study should be determined after approval for the research is obtained from the institutional review board.

The purpose of clinical trials is to _____.