Question 1

Carbonic anhydrase is involved in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  binding CO2 to hemoglobin 
B)  converting CO2 to carbonic acid 
C)  binding the CO2 to hemoglobin and converting the CO2 to carbonic acid 
D)  none of these 
A)  binding CO2 to hemoglobin 
B)  converting CO2 to carbonic acid 
C)  binding the CO2 to hemoglobin and converting the CO2 to carbonic acid 
D)  none of these B

Question 2

Which of the following cannot readily cross the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  potassium ions 
C)  oxygen 
D)  water 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  potassium ions 
C)  oxygen 
D)  water B

Question 3

Which of the following occurs because the osmotic pressure of blood is lower than the pressure at the arterial capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutrients from the capillaries flow into the interstitial fluid. 
B)  Wastes from the interstitial fluid flows into the capillaries. 
C)  Nutrients from the capillaries flow into the interstitial fluid and wastes from the interstitial fluid flows into the capillaries. 
D)  None of these. 
A)  Nutrients from the capillaries flow into the interstitial fluid. 
B)  Wastes from the interstitial fluid flows into the capillaries. 
C)  Nutrients from the capillaries flow into the interstitial fluid and wastes from the interstitial fluid flows into the capillaries. 
D)  None of these. A

Question 4

Which of the following characterizes normal kidney function?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration in which small molecules are lost, but large molecules are retained 
B)  reabsorption of small molecules, which are not waste products, from the urine 
C)  filtration in which small molecules are lost, but large molecules are retained and reabsorption of small molecules, which are not waste products, from the urine 
D)  none of these 
A)  filtration in which small molecules are lost, but large molecules are retained 
B)  reabsorption of small molecules, which are not waste products, from the urine 
C)  filtration in which small molecules are lost, but large molecules are retained and reabsorption of small molecules, which are not waste products, from the urine 
D)  none of these

Question 5

Which of the following occurs because the osmotic pressure of blood is higher than pressure at the venous capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutrients from the capillaries flow into the interstitial fluid. 
B)  Wastes from the interstitial fluid flows into the capillaries. 
C)  The nutrients from the capillaries flow into the interstitial fluid and wastes from the interstitial fluid flows into the capillaries. 
D)  None of these 
A)  Nutrients from the capillaries flow into the interstitial fluid. 
B)  Wastes from the interstitial fluid flows into the capillaries. 
C)  The nutrients from the capillaries flow into the interstitial fluid and wastes from the interstitial fluid flows into the capillaries. 
D)  None of these

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of blood plasma is water?

Accepted Answer

A)  15% 
B)  35% 
C)  60% 
D)  92% 
A)  15% 
B)  35% 
C)  60% 
D)  92%

Question 7

Which of the following enzymes is secreted by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonic anhydrase 
B)  thrombin 
C)  renin 
D)  none of these 
A)  carbonic anhydrase 
B)  thrombin 
C)  renin 
D)  none of these

Question 8

Which of the following is caused by the secretion of renin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It aids in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin. 
B)  It aids in the conversion of carbaminohemoglobin into carbonic acid. 
C)  It aids in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin and it aids in the conversion of carbaminohemoglobin into carbonic acid. 
D)  None of these 
A)  It aids in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin. 
B)  It aids in the conversion of carbaminohemoglobin into carbonic acid. 
C)  It aids in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin and it aids in the conversion of carbaminohemoglobin into carbonic acid. 
D)  None of these

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Old red blood cells are removed by the liver and spleen. 
B)  Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. 
C)  Red blood cells have nuclei and carry DNA. 
D)  None, all of these are true. 
A)  Old red blood cells are removed by the liver and spleen. 
B)  Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. 
C)  Red blood cells have nuclei and carry DNA. 
D)  None, all of these are true.

Question 10

Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  albumin 
B)  fibrinogen 
C)  globulin 
D)  hemoglobin 
A)  albumin 
B)  fibrinogen 
C)  globulin 
D)  hemoglobin

Question 11

The concentration of which of the following is reduced to prevent clotting during a blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ 
B)  Fe2+ 
C)  K+ 
D)  Na+ 
A)  Ca2+ 
B)  Fe2+ 
C)  K+ 
D)  Na+

Question 12

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the transport of CO2 by blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonic anhydrase 
B)  thrombin 
C)  carbonic anydrase and thrombin 
D)  none of these 
A)  carbonic anhydrase 
B)  thrombin 
C)  carbonic anydrase and thrombin 
D)  none of these

Question 13

Which of the following is caused by a low concentration of clotting factors in blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemophilia 
B)  leukemia 
C)  polycythemia 
D)  thrombocytopenia 
E)  anemia 
A)  hemophilia 
B)  leukemia 
C)  polycythemia 
D)  thrombocytopenia 
E)  anemia

Question 14

Which of the following ions is associated with the heme portion of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ 
B)  Fe2+ 
C)  Mg2+ 
D)  Zn2+ 
A)  Ca2+ 
B)  Fe2+ 
C)  Mg2+ 
D)  Zn2+

Question 15

Which of the following terms refers to red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes 
B)  thrombocytes 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  erythrocytes 
A)  leukocytes 
B)  thrombocytes 
C)  lymphocytes 
D)  erythrocytes

Question 16

Which of the following is administered to patients to prevent blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium acetate 
B)  sodium carbonate 
C)  sodium citrate 
D)  sodium phosphate 
A)  sodium acetate 
B)  sodium carbonate 
C)  sodium citrate 
D)  sodium phosphate

Question 17

Approximately what volume of blood passes through a human kidney each day?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 L 
B)  10 L 
C)  15 L 
D)  100 L 
A)  1.5 L 
B)  10 L 
C)  15 L 
D)  100 L

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  It refers to the process of maintaining the nutrient levels in the blood and also the body's temperature. 
B)  It refers to the effect caused by a change in the pH on the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. 
C)  It refers to the mechanism used by the body to stem leaks in blood vessels to prevent the loss of blood. 
D)  It refers to the action of leukocytes in destroying bacteria or other foreign substances that invade the body. 
A)  It refers to the process of maintaining the nutrient levels in the blood and also the body's temperature. 
B)  It refers to the effect caused by a change in the pH on the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. 
C)  It refers to the mechanism used by the body to stem leaks in blood vessels to prevent the loss of blood. 
D)  It refers to the action of leukocytes in destroying bacteria or other foreign substances that invade the body.

Question 19

Identify the portion of a nephron where most of the water is reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)  the distal tubule 
B)  Henle's loop 
C)  the glomerulus 
D)  the proximal tubule 
A)  the distal tubule 
B)  Henle's loop 
C)  the glomerulus 
D)  the proximal tubule

Question 20

Which of the following ions help generate the high electrical potential needed for neurotransmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cl− 
B)  K+ 
C)  Na+ 
D)  H+ 
A)  Cl− 
B)  K+ 
C)  Na+ 
D)  H+

Exam 31: Body Fluids

Carbonic anhydrase is involved in which of the following?

Which of the following cannot readily cross the blood-brain barrier?

Which of the following occurs because the osmotic pressure of blood is lower than the pressure at the arterial capillaries?

Which of the following characterizes normal kidney function?

Which of the following occurs because the osmotic pressure of blood is higher than pressure at the venous capillaries?

Approximately what percentage of blood plasma is water?

Which of the following enzymes is secreted by the kidneys?

Which of the following is caused by the secretion of renin?

Which of the following is not true of red blood cells?

Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein?

The concentration of which of the following is reduced to prevent clotting during a blood transfusion?

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the transport of CO2 by blood?

Which of the following is caused by a low concentration of clotting factors in blood?

Which of the following ions is associated with the heme portion of hemoglobin?

Which of the following terms refers to red blood cells?

Which of the following is administered to patients to prevent blood clotting?

Approximately what volume of blood passes through a human kidney each day?

Which of the following is true of the Bohr effect?

Identify the portion of a nephron where most of the water is reabsorbed.

Which of the following ions help generate the high electrical potential needed for neurotransmission?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Atoms

Chemical Bonds

Chemical Reactions

Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions and Colloids

Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Alkanes

Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols

Chirality: the Handedness of Molecules

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Enzymes

Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Heredity

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

Bioenergetics: How the Body Converts Food to Energy

Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism

Biosynthetic Pathways

Nutrition

Immunochemistry

Filters

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the transport of CO₂ by blood?