Question 1

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    A

Question 2

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of L-glyceraldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    B

Question 3

Which of the following statements explains the reducing nature of 2-ketoses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Under acidic conditions, they exist in equilibrium with enediols that get reduced by the reducing agent. 
B)  Under basic conditions, they exist in equilibrium with aldoses that are oxidized by the oxidizing agent. 
C)  Both of these statements explain the reducing nature of 2-ketoses. 
D)  Neither of these statements explains the reducing nature of 2-ketoses. 
A)  Under acidic conditions, they exist in equilibrium with enediols that get reduced by the reducing agent. 
B)  Under basic conditions, they exist in equilibrium with aldoses that are oxidized by the oxidizing agent. 
C)  Both of these statements explain the reducing nature of 2-ketoses. 
D)  Neither of these statements explains the reducing nature of 2-ketoses. B

Question 4

Which of the following membrane-bound carbohydrates is found in the A antigens of type A blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 
B)  D-galactose 
C)  Both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose 
D)  Neither N-acetyl-D-galactosamine nor D-galactose 
A)  N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 
B)  D-galactose 
C)  Both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose 
D)  Neither N-acetyl-D-galactosamine nor D-galactose

Question 5

Identify a membrane-bound carbohydrate that functions as a biochemical marker in animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  D-idose 
B)  L-fucose 
C)  D-psicose 
D)  L-glucose 
A)  D-idose 
B)  L-fucose 
C)  D-psicose 
D)  L-glucose

Question 6

In the cyclic structure of fructose, which carbon atoms are connected to the oxygen atom of the furanose ring?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 1 and carbon 5 
B)  carbon 1 and carbon 6 
C)  carbon 2 and carbon 5 
D)  carbon 2 and carbon 6 
A)  carbon 1 and carbon 5 
B)  carbon 1 and carbon 6 
C)  carbon 2 and carbon 5 
D)  carbon 2 and carbon 6

Question 7

In which pair of aldohexoses do the monosaccharides differ from each other by the position of a single hydroxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  D-allose and D-altrose 
B)  D-altrose and D-glucose 
C)  D-allose and D-mannose 
D)  D-mannose and D-idose 
A)  D-allose and D-altrose 
B)  D-altrose and D-glucose 
C)  D-allose and D-mannose 
D)  D-mannose and D-idose

Question 8

Which carbon is the site of reaction when glucose reacts with an alcohol to form a glycoside?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 1 
B)  carbon 2 
C)  carbon 5 
D)  carbon 6 
A)  carbon 1 
B)  carbon 2 
C)  carbon 5 
D)  carbon 6

Question 9

How does heparin prevent the coagulation of blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  It enhances the production of platelets. 
B)  Its basic nature helps denature the proteins in blood clots. 
C)  It binds to antithrombin III, a protein involved in terminating blood clotting. 
D)  It decreases the production of red blood cells in the body. 
A)  It enhances the production of platelets. 
B)  Its basic nature helps denature the proteins in blood clots. 
C)  It binds to antithrombin III, a protein involved in terminating blood clotting. 
D)  It decreases the production of red blood cells in the body.

Question 10

To which of the following does galactosemia belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial diseases 
B)  viral diseases 
C)  genetic disorders 
D)  lifestyle disorders 
A)  bacterial diseases 
B)  viral diseases 
C)  genetic disorders 
D)  lifestyle disorders

Question 11

What is an anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  the acetal carbon of the cyclic form of a monosaccharide 
B)  the hemiacetal carbon of the cyclic form of a monosaccharide 
C)  the acetal carbon of the cyclic form of a disaccharide 
D)  the hemiacetal carbon of the cyclic form of a disaccharide 
A)  the acetal carbon of the cyclic form of a monosaccharide 
B)  the hemiacetal carbon of the cyclic form of a monosaccharide 
C)  the acetal carbon of the cyclic form of a disaccharide 
D)  the hemiacetal carbon of the cyclic form of a disaccharide

Question 12

Which statement is true of a solution containing an equilibrium mixture of α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  The solution contains a larger percentage of the β anomer than the α anomer. 
B)  The solution does not show optical activity. 
C)  Both of these statements are correct. 
D)  Neither of these statements is correct. 
A)  The solution contains a larger percentage of the β anomer than the α anomer. 
B)  The solution does not show optical activity. 
C)  Both of these statements are correct. 
D)  Neither of these statements is correct.

Question 13

How many chiral carbons are present in the open-chain form of a ketohexose?

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  six 
A)  three 
B)  four 
C)  five 
D)  six

Question 14

Which of the following polysaccharides is structurally similar to glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylopectin 
B)  amylose 
C)  cellulose 
D)  none of these 
A)  amylopectin 
B)  amylose 
C)  cellulose 
D)  none of these

Question 15

How many monosaccharide units are present in an oligosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  between 3 and 5 
B)  between 6 and 10 
C)  between 11 and 15 
D)  between 15 and 20 
A)  between 3 and 5 
B)  between 6 and 10 
C)  between 11 and 15 
D)  between 15 and 20

Question 16

Which of the following polysaccharides has only α-1,4-glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  amylose 
C)  glycogen 
D)  none of these 
A)  cellulose 
B)  amylose 
C)  glycogen 
D)  none of these

Question 17

In the cyclic structure of glucose, which carbon atoms are connected to the oxygen atom of the pyranose ring?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 1 and carbon 5 
B)  carbon 1 and carbon 6 
C)  carbon 2 and carbon 5 
D)  carbon 2 and carbon 6 
A)  carbon 1 and carbon 5 
B)  carbon 1 and carbon 6 
C)  carbon 2 and carbon 5 
D)  carbon 2 and carbon 6

Question 18

Which carbon atom becomes an anomeric carbon when ribose adopts a furanose structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 1 
B)  carbon 2 
C)  carbon 5 
D)  carbon 6 
A)  carbon 1 
B)  carbon 2 
C)  carbon 5 
D)  carbon 6

Question 19

What is the physiological role of the enzyme whose deficiency causes galactosemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It converts D-galactose to lactose. 
B)  It converts D-galactose to fructose. 
C)  It converts D-galactose to glucose. 
D)  It converts D-galactose to sucrose. 
A)  It converts D-galactose to lactose. 
B)  It converts D-galactose to fructose. 
C)  It converts D-galactose to glucose. 
D)  It converts D-galactose to sucrose.

Question 20

Who proposed the ring or cyclic structures of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. Fischer 
B)  W. Haworth 
C)  L. Pauling 
D)  L. Pasteur 
A)  E. Fischer 
B)  W. Haworth 
C)  L. Pauling 
D)  L. Pasteur

Exam 19: Carbohydrates

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde?

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of L-glyceraldehyde?

Which of the following statements explains the reducing nature of 2-ketoses?

Which of the following membrane-bound carbohydrates is found in the A antigens of type A blood?

Identify a membrane-bound carbohydrate that functions as a biochemical marker in animals.

In the cyclic structure of fructose, which carbon atoms are connected to the oxygen atom of the furanose ring?

In which pair of aldohexoses do the monosaccharides differ from each other by the position of a single hydroxyl group?

Which carbon is the site of reaction when glucose reacts with an alcohol to form a glycoside?

How does heparin prevent the coagulation of blood?

To which of the following does galactosemia belong?

What is an anomeric carbon?

Which statement is true of a solution containing an equilibrium mixture of α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?

How many chiral carbons are present in the open-chain form of a ketohexose?

Which of the following polysaccharides is structurally similar to glycogen?

How many monosaccharide units are present in an oligosaccharide?

Which of the following polysaccharides has only α-1,4-glycosidic bonds?

In the cyclic structure of glucose, which carbon atoms are connected to the oxygen atom of the pyranose ring?

Which carbon atom becomes an anomeric carbon when ribose adopts a furanose structure?

What is the physiological role of the enzyme whose deficiency causes galactosemia?

Who proposed the ring or cyclic structures of monosaccharides?

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